Effect of Swirl Plates on Volumetric Discharge Rate and Spray Characteristics of Hollow Cone Nozzles

Abstract

The aim of the study is to determine the effect of orifice diameter, swirl plate and spray pressure on the volumetric flow, discharge coefficient and some spray characteristics of hollow cone nozzles. In the trials, five nozzle discs with 1,0, 1,2, 1,6, 2,0 and 2,4 millimetres orifice diameters and three polyacetal materials with 2 or 3 slots and one stainless steel with 2-slots swirl plate were used. Spray application were made at spray pressures of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 bar. The highest discharge rate at constant pressure was obtained with stainless steel and the lowest blue swirl plates. Although the number of slots was different, the effect of brown and yellow swirl plates on volumetric discharge rate variation was statistically insignificant. The discharge coefficient decreased as the diameter of the nozzle orifice increased. Accordingly, the average discharge coefficient for the 1,0 mm, 1,2, 1,6, 2,0 and 2,4 mm diameter nozzle discs was 0,411, 0,362, 0,285, 0,236 and 0.201, respectively. It was estimated that the droplet diameter in the range of 2-12 bar in the hollow cone nozzles varied between 76,3-219,0 μm and it was determined that mostly very fine and partially fine and medium sized droplets were produced.

Keywords

• Discharge coefficient,Droplet diameter,Spray pressure,Spray characteristic,Sprayer

Kaynakça

1. Albuz®, 2009. Disc&Core Ceramic Hollow-Cone Nozzle Catalogue. http://albuz-spray.com (Available from: October 2009)
2. Arag®, 2017. Nozzle Holder, Caps and Nozzle Tips Catalogue (Revision). www.aragnet.com (Available from: November 2017)
3. Arag®, 2004. Nozzle Holder, Caps and Nozzle Tips Catalogue. www.aragnet.it (Available from: October 2004)
4. ASABE, 2009. Spray Nozzle Classification by Droplet Spectra. Standard 572.1 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph, MI
5. Ballester, J. and Dopazo C., 1994. Discharge coefficient and spray angle measurements for small pressure-swirl nozzles. Atomization and Sprays 4: 351-367
6. Bayat, A. and Bozdogan, N. Y., 2005. An air-assisted spinning disc nozzle and its performance on spray deposition and reduction of drift potential. Crop Protection 24: 651-960
7. Bode, L. E., Butler, B. J., Pearson, S. L. and Bouse, L. F., 1983. Characteristics of the micromax rotary atomizer.
8. Chu, C. C., Chou, S. F., Lin, H. I. and Liann, Y. H., 2008. An experimental investigation of swirl atomizer sprays. Heat and Mass Transfer 45: 11-12

9. Cloeter, M. D., Qin, K., Patil, P. and Smith, B., 2010. Planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) flow visualization applied to agricultural spray nozzles with sheet disintegration: Influence of an oil-in-water emulsion. In Proc. ILASS-Americas 22nd Annual Conf. Institute for Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Retrieved from http://ilass.org/2/ConferencePapers/ILASS2010-161.pdf
10. Dorr, G. J., Hewitt, A. J., Adkins, S. W., Hanan, J., Zhang, H. and Noller, B., 2013. A comparison of initial spray characteristics produced by agricultural nozzles. Crop Protection 53: 109-117
11. Dursun, E., Karahan, Y. and Çilingir, İ., 2000. Türkiye’de üretilen konik hüzmeli bazı meme plakalarında delik çapı ve düzgünlüğünün belirlenmesi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 6(3): 135-140
12. Hipkins, P. and Grisso, R. B., 2014. Droplet Chart / Selection Guide. Virginia Cooperative Extention, Virginia State University, Publication 442-031
13. Hussein, A., Hafiz, M., Rahid, H., Halim, A., Wisnoe, W. and Kasolang, S., 2012. Characteristics of hollow cone swirl spray at various nozzle orifice diameters. Jurnal Teknologi 58: 1-4
14. Hypro®, 2014. Hypro Nozzle Catalogue. http://www.hypro-eu.com (Available from: October 2014).
15. Hypro®, 2017. Hypro® Nozzles, Crop Spraying Pocket Guide 2017-18. http://www.hypro-eu.com (Available from: October 2017)
16. Hypropumps, 2006. SprayTip Catalog. www.hypropumps.com (Available from: December 2017)
17. Iqbal, M., Ahmad, M. and Younis, M., 2005. Effect of Reynold’s number on droplet size of hollow cone nozzle of environmental friendly university boom sprayer. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 42(3-4): 106-111
18. Kruger, G. R., Klein, R. N. and Ogg, C. L., 2013. Spray Drift of Pesticides. Nebreska Extention. http://extensionpublications.unl.edu/assets/html/g1773/build/g1773.htm. (Available from: 2013)
19. Maniarasan, P. and Nicholas, M. T., 2006. Performance prediction and experimental investigation of swirl atomizer for evaporation of water at low pressure. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research 1(3): 353-364
20. Matthews G., Bateman R. and Miller P., 2014. Pesticide Application Methods. Forth Edition, Wiley Blackwell, p.536
21. Nuyttens, D., Baetens, K., Schampheleire, M.De and Sonck, B., 2007. Effect of nozzle type, size, and pressure on spray droplet characteristics. Biosystems Engineering 97(3): 333-345
22. Rashid M. S. F. M., Hamid A. H. A., Sheng O. C. and Ghaffar, Z. A., 2012. Effect of inlet slot number on the spray cone angle and discharge coefficient of swirl atomizer. Procedia Engineering 41: 1781-1786
23. Sayıncı, B. and Kara, M., 2015. The effects of strainer types on flow characteristics of anti-drift (AD) and multi-range (LU) flat-fan nozzles. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi-Journal of Agricultural Sciences 21(4): 558-571
24. Sayıncı, B., 2014. Effect of filter types and sizes on flow characteristics of standard flat-fan nozzles. Tarım Makinaları Bilimi Dergisi 10(2): 129-138
25. Sayıncı, B., 2015. Effect of strainer type, spray pressure, and orifice size on the discharge coefficient of standard flat-fan nozzles. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 39: 692-704
26. Sayıncı, B., 2016. The influence of strainer types on the flow and droplet velocity characteristics of ceramic flat-fan nozzles. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 40: 25-37
27. Sayıncı, B., Çömlek, R., Boydaş, M. G., Kara, M. and Demir, B., 2017. Konik hüzmeli memelerde kullanılan girdap plaketlerinin hüzme açısı ve püskürtme paternine etkisi. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 34(Ek Sayı): 1-9 (in Turkish)
28. Sayıncı, B., Yarpuz-Bozdoğan, N., Yıldız, C. and Demir, B., 2013. Konik hüzmeli memelerde akış katsayısı ve bazı işletme özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Tarım Makinaları Bilimi Dergisi 9(1): 9-20 (in Turkish)
29. Serim A. T. and Özdemir Y. G., 2012. Herbisit uygulamalarında kullanılan pülverizatör memelerinin damla büyüklük dağılımlarının belirlenmesi. Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi 5(2): 172-175 (in Turkish)
30. Smith, D. B., Askew, S. D., Morris, W. H., Shaw, D. R. and Boyette, M., 2000. Droplet size and leaf morphology effects on pesticide spray deposition. Transactions of the ASAE 43(2): 255-259
31. Spandl, 2010. Comparing Drift Reduction Technology. Winfield Solutions, Shoreview, Minnesota. https://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/ag-professionals/cpm (Available from: 2010)
32. Srivastava, A. K., Goering, C. E. and Rohrbach, R. G., 1993. Engineering Principles of Agricultural Machines. In: P.D. Hansen (Ed.), Chemical Application. Chapter 7, ASAE, Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085, 265-324
33. Teejet®, 2014. Catalogue 51A-M, Disc-Core Type Cone Spray Tips. www.teejet.com (Available from: October 2014)
34. Wilkinson R., Balsari P. and Oberti R., 1999. Pest Control Equipment. CIGR/ASAE Handbook of Agricultural Engineering, St. Joseph, Michigan, USA, pp. 269-310
35. Wolf, 2017. Educating Applicators About Droplet Size. Wolf Consulting & Research LLC, https://tpsalliance.org/pdf/topics/Wolf-2-TPSA-2012.pdf
36. Yu, B., Fu, P-F., Zhang, T. and Zhou, H-C., 2013. The influence of backpressure on the flow discharge coefficients of plain orifice nozzle. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 44: 509-514
37. Zhou, Q., Miller, P. C. H., Walklate, P. J. and Thomas N. H., 1996. Prediction of spray angle from flat fan nozzles. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 64(2): 139-148. https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jaer.1996.0055