The Silicon Effects on Antioxidant System of Wheat Cultivars under Pb Stress

Abstract

Pb poses a major threat to plant growth and silicon can reduce its toxicity. This work was conducted hydroponically as a completely randomized factorial design to study the effect of Si (70 and 140 ppm) on Triticum aestivum cultivars Chamran and Shiroudi under Pb stress (150 ppm). Pb caused significant increases in the H2O2, free amino acids and proline contents of wheat cultivars and MDA content of cv. Chamran. Furthermore, Pb stimulated the activities of SOD and APX in cv. Chamran and POD in cv. Shiroudi. Si application significantly increased the free amino acid content of cultivars and proline content of cv. Chamran in absence of Pb. The protein content of wheat cultivars significantly increased at 70 ppm of Si in absence of Pb and at both levels in presence of Pb. In cv. Chamran, Si application significantly decreased the H2O2 content and the activities of SOD, POD and APX at both levels, free amino acids and proline contents at 70 ppm and MDA content at 140 ppm in presence of Pb. In cv. Shiroudi, Si application significantly decreased the proline content at both levels, H2O2 and free amino acids contents at 70 ppm and MDA content at 140 ppm.

Keywords

• Silicon
• Wheat
• H2O2
• Lead
• MDA
• Antioxidant enzymes

Kaynakça

1. Abu-Muriefah, S. S., 2015. Effects of silicon on membrane characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidative ability, and mineral element contents of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants grown under Cd and Pb stress. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences 2(6): 1–17.
2. Alia, N., Sardar, K., Said, M., Salma, K., Sadia, A., Sadaf, S., Toqeer, A., and Miklas, S., 2015. Toxicity and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) grown in a controlled environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12(7): 7400-7416.
3. Bates, L. S., Waldren, R. P., and Teare, I. D., 1973. Rapid determination of free proline forwater-stress studies. Plant and Soil 39(1): 205-207.
4. Bradford, M. M., 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principles of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 7(72): 225-260.
5. Britto, A. J. D., Sebastian, S. R. and Gracelin, D. H. S., 2011. Effect of lead on malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, proline activity and chlorophyll content in Capsicum annum. Bioresearch Bulletin 2(1): 093-098.
6. Chance, B. and Maehly, A., 1955. Assay of catalases and peroxidases. Methods in Enzymology 2: 764-817.
7. Emamverdian, A. and Ding, Y., 2017. Effects of heavy metals toxicity on plants and enhancement of plant defense mechanisms of Si-mediation, Review. International Journal of Environmental and Agriculture Research 3(4): 41-51.
8. Fendereski, F., Ghorbanli, M. and Sateei, A., 2015. Effects of copper heavy metal and interaction with nitric oxide on growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment, soluble carbohydrate content and antioxidant enzymes in Portulaca oleracea L. 5(3): 1411-1423.

9. Harinasut, P., Poonsopa, D., Roengmongkol, K. and Charoensataporn, R., 2003. Salinity effects on antioxidant enzymes in mulberry cultivars. Science Asia 29: 109-113.
10. Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Anee, T. I., and Fujita, M., 2017. Exogenous silicon attenuates cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Brassica napus L. by modulating AsA-GSH pathway and glyoxalase system. Frontiers in Plant Science 8: 1061.
11. Heath, R. L. and packer, L., 1969. Photo peroxidation in isolated chloroplast. I. kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 125(1): 189-198.
12. Kim, Y. H., Khan, A. L., Waqas, M. and Lee, I. J., 2017. Silicon regulates antioxidant Activities of crop plants under abiotic-induced oxidative stress: A review. Frontiers in Plant Science 8: 510.
13. Kumar, P., Yadava, R. K., Gollen, B., Kumar, S., Verma, R. K. and Yadav, S., 2011. Nutritional contents and medicinal properties of wheat. International Journal of Life Science and Medical Research 2011: 1-10.
14. Liang, Y., Sun, W., Zhu, Y. and Christie, P., 2007. Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses in higher plants: a review. Environmental Pollution 147(2): 422–428.
15. Nakano, Y. and Asada, K., 1987. Purification of ascorbate peroxidase from spinach chloroplasts: its activation in ascorbate-depleted medium and reactivation by monodehydroascorbate radical. Plant and Cell Physiology 28(1): 131-140.
16. Obinger, C., Maj, M., Nicholls, P. and Loewen, P., 1997. Activity, peroxide compound formation, and heme d synthesis in Escherichia coli HPII catalase. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 342(1): 58-67.
17. Pontigo, S., Godoy, K., Jiménez, H., Gutiérrez-Moraga, A., Mora, M. L. and Cartes, P., 2017. Silicon-mediated alleviation of aluminum toxicity by modulation of Al/Si uptake and antioxidant performance in ryegrass plants. Frontiers in Plant Sciences 8: 642.
18. Pourrut, B., M. Shahid, C. Dumat, P. Winteron and E. Pinelli. 2011. Lead uptake, toxicity and detoxification in plants. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 213: 113-136.
19. Shi, G., Cai, Q. Liu, C. and Wu, L., 2010. Silicon alleviates cadmium toxicity in peanut plants in relation to cadmium distribution and stimulation of antioxidative enzymes. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 61(1): 45-52.
20. Shu, X., Yin, L., Zhang, Q., and Wang, W., 2012. Effect of Pb toxicity on leaf growth antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthesis in cuttings and seedlings of Jatropha curcas L. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 19(3): 893-902.
21. Soundararajan, P., Manivannan, A., Cho, Y. S. and Jeong, B. R., 2017. Exogenous supplementation of silicon improved the recovery of hyperhydric shoots in Dianthus caryophyllus L. by stabilizing the physiology and protein expression. Frontiers in Plant Science 7: 738.
22. Tamas, M. J., Sharma, S. K., Ibstedt, S., Jacobson, T. and Christen, P., 2014. Heavy metals and metalloids as a cause for protein misfolding and aggregation, review. Biomolecules 4(1): 252-267.
23. Tripathi, D. K., Singh, V. P., Prasad, S. M., Chauhan, D. K. and Dubey, N. K., 2015. Silicon nanoparticles (SiNp) alleviate chromium (VI) phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (L.) seedlings. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 96: 189-198.
24. Winterbourn, C. C., McGrath, B. M. and Carrell, R. W., 1976. Reactions involving superoxide and normal and unstable hemoglobins. Biochemical Journal 155(3): 493–502. Yemm, E. W. and Cocking, E. C., 1955. The determination of amino-acids with ninhydrin. Analyst 80: 209-213.
25. Zheng, G., Lv, H. P., Gao, S. and Wang, S. R., 2010. Effects of cadmium on growth and antioxidant responses in Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings. Plant, Soil and Environment 56(11): 508–515.