Kuraklığın Doğal Mera Alanları Üzerine Muhtemel Etkileri

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1, 55 - 58, 01.01.2016

Adnan Bilgili Mahmut Daşcı

Öz

Bir bölgede tarımsal üretim toprak koşulları, iklim ve bitki üçgenine bağımlı olarak
şekillenmekte olup, o bölgede yetiştirilebilecek bitki türleri ve bu türlerin verimlilikleri
üzerine bölgenin ekolojik koşulları, özellikle iklim faktörleri önemli derecede belirleyici
olmaktadır. Uzun dönemlere ait ortalama yağış değerlerine göre, daha düşük yağışın
gerçekleşmesi durumu olan kuraklık sonucu ortaya çıkan su kısıtlığı, insan, hayvan ve
vejetasyonlar üzerine olumsuz etkilerde bulunmaktadır. Kuraklığa bağlı olarak verimdeki
azalmanın yanı sıra vejetasyonunun tür kompozisyonu, kapalılık derecesi ve yem kalitesi de
olumsuz yönde etkilenmektedir.
Mera alanlarımızın büyük bir çoğunluğu yıllık toplam yağış miktarı düşük ve yağışın yıl
içerisindeki dağılımı da düzensiz olan Doğu ve İç Anadolu bölgeleri gibi kurak veya yarı
kurak olarak kabul edilebilecek bölgelerde bulunmaktadır. Bu gibi bölgelerde uzun süreli
kuraklık meralarda verimi önemli ölçüde azaltmaktadır. Kuraklığa ilaveten zamansız ve
ağır otlatma meraların hayvan otlatılarak değerlendirilemeyecek bir duruma gelmesine
sebep olabilmektedir. Bu yüzden kurak dönemlerde otlatma uygulamalarının yeniden
planlanması mera bitki örtülerinin devamlılığı açısından önem arz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mera, İklim faktörleri, Kuraklık

The Possible Effects Of Drought On Natural Pastures

Öz

Agricultural production in a region, depending on soil conditions, climate and
plant species is being shaped triangle, plant species that can be grown in the region and
ecological conditions, especially climatic factors are significant determinants of the region
on the productivity of this species. The drought is defined as lower rainfall values than the
long-term average precipitation values, the water restriction that results from drought have
negative effects on human, animal and plant vegetation. As well as the reduction in yield,
species composition of the vegetation, canopy coverage and forage quality is also affected
negatively due to drought.
The majority of our rangelands are located in East and Central Anatolian regions
considered as arid or semi-arid because in these regions annual total rainfall is low and
rainfall distribution is irregular. In such areas, prolonged drought, the production of
rangeland decreases significantly. In addition to drought, untimely and heavy grazing in the
pasture can cause to come into a situation that cannot be evaluated animal grazing of
rangelands. So rearrangement of grazing practices in during dry periods is important for the
maintenance of pasture vegetation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rangeland, Klimatic factors, Rought.

Kaynakça

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