Araştırma Makalesi
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Analyzing the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) Performance of Landing Ships

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 5, 28 - 41, 30.06.2024

Öz

The shipping industry is the backbone of world trade and energy efficiency is a key priority for this industry. While maritime transport represents a significant portion of global energy consumption, it is also a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, improving energy efficiency in ship design and operation is economically and environmentally critical. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has taken several measures to assess and improve the energy efficiency of ships. Among these measures, the energy efficiency design index (EEDI) is an important tool used to evaluate and compare the energy efficiency of ships. EEDI aims to improve energy efficiency by guiding and optimizing design and engineering decisions in the early stages of shipbuilding. In this study, the efficiency of naval ships is evaluated and compared with reference values using IMO's EEDI calculation method. In the study, the calculation method is demonstrated for a sample ship and applied to all ships. The calculation method of reference efficiency values determined by IMO for different types of merchant ships is also shared. The calculation was performed using a Ro-Ro type cargo merchant ship, which is most similar to the military landing ship type. The results show that the actual EEDI values are higher than the reference efficiency values. This is due to the focus on the operational capabilities of military ships rather than their energy efficiency. However, it is predicted that improvements in energy consumption can provide strategic advantages. The study highlights that naval ships can be optimized to improve energy efficiency and that these improvements can enhance operational capability. It is foreseen that the energy saved by future optimizations can be used in different areas to improve operational capability.

Kaynakça

  • Alshawi, M. A. O. S., ve Tsitskishvili, A. (2019). Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan: Analysis of Biofouling Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan: Analysis of Biofouling Effect on Co2 Emission Performance of Iraq Non-Trading Fleet Effect on Co2 Emission Performance of Iraq Non-Trading Fleet , (published Master Thesis) World Maritime University, Maritime Affairs, Sweeden. . https://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations/1186
  • Ang, J., Goh, C., Saldivar, A., ve Li, Y. (2017). Energy-Efficient Through-Life Smart Design, Manufacturing and Operation of Ships in an Industry 4.0 Environment. Energies, 10(5), 610. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10050610
  • Beşikçi, E. B. (2015). Gemi Sefer Yönetiminde Enerji Verimliliğinin Optimizasyonu (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Lisans Tezi). İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, FBE, İstanbul.
  • Çetin, O., ve Ziya Sogut, M. (2021). A New Strategic Approach of Energy Management Onboard Ships Supported by Exergy and Economic Criteria: A Case Study of a cargo Ship. Ocean Engineering, 219, 108137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.108137
  • Devanney, J. (2011). The İmpact of The Energy Efficiency Design İndex on Very Large Crude Carrier Design and CO2 Emissions. Ships and Offshore Structures, 6(4), 355–368. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2010.546651
  • Godet, A., Nurup, J. N., Saber, J. T., Panagakos, G., ve Barfod, M. B. (2023). Operational Cycles for Maritime Transportation: A Benchmarking Tool for Ship Energy Efficiency. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 121(July), 103840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2023.103840
  • Gougoulidis, G. (2015). Energy-saving Measures for Naval Operations. 6th Annual NMIOTC Conference 2015 Current and Future Challenges to Energy Security in the Maritime Environment, February, 1–8.
  • Huilin Ren, Yu Ding, ve Congbiao Sui. (2019). Influence of EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) on Ship–Engine–Propeller Matching. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 7(12), 425. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7120425
  • IMO. (2012). Guidelines for the Development of a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) (C. 66, Sayı March).
  • Kaminski, W. (2022). Implementation of Energy Efficiency Management in Shipping Companies and Ships in Operation. Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series, 2022(157), 223–235. https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2022.157.14
  • Kizielewicz, J. (2022). Monitoring Energy Efficiency and Environmental Ship Index by Cruise Seaports in Northern Europe. Energies, 15(12), 4215. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15124215
  • Lee, S., Yoo, S., Park, H., Ahn, J., ve Chang, D. (2021). Novel Methodology For EEDI Calculation Considering Onboard Carbon Capture And Storage System. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 105, 103241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2020.103241
  • Martins, F., Felgueiras, C., Smitkova, M., ve Caetano, N. (2019). Analysis of Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption and Environmental Impacts in European Countries. Energies, 12(6), 964. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12060964 MEPC Resolution 176(58). (2011). Amendments to the Annex of the Protocol of 1997 to Amend the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973, as Modified by the Protocol of 1978 Relating Thereto. Amendments to MARPOL Annex VI. MEPC (C. 70). MEPC Resolution 364(79). (2022). Guidelines on the Method of Calculation of the Attained Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for New Ships.
  • Narula, K. (2019). Maritime Security and Its Role in Sustainable Energy Security. The Maritime Dimension of Sustainable Energy Security (ss. 117–142). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1589-3_6
  • Papadakis, N., ve Katsaprakakis, D. Al. (2023). A Review of Energy Efficiency Interventions in Public Buildings. Energies, 16(17), 6329. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176329
  • Poulsen, R. T., Viktorelius, M., Varvne, H., Rasmussen, H. B., ve von Knorring, H. (2022). Energy Efficiency İn Ship Operations - Exploring Voyage Decisions And Decision-Makers. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 102, 103120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103120
  • Stec, M., Tatarczuk, A., Iluk, T., ve Szul, M. (2021). Reducing The Energy Efficiency Design İndex for Ships Through a Post-Combustion Carbon Capture Process. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 108, 103333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103333
  • Stern, D. I., ve Kander, A. (2010). The Role of Energy in the Industrial Revolution and Modern Economic Growth. SSRN Electronic Journal, 33(3), 125–152. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1759705
  • Tadros, M., Ventura, M., ve Soares, C. G. (2023). Review of Current Regulations, Available Technologies and Future Trends in the Green Shipping İndustry. Ocean Engineering, 280, 114670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.114670
  • Tatar, V., ve Özer, M. B. (2018). The Impacts of CO2 Emissions from Maritime Transport on the Environment and Climate Change. International Journal of Environmental Trends (IJENT), 2(1), 5–24.
  • Tokuşlu, A. (2020). Analyzing the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) Performance of a Container Ship. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 7(2), 114–119. https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.703255
  • Yılmaz, O. (2021). Denizcilikte Enerji Verimliliği Tasarım İndeksi Analizi (Yayınlanmış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İTÜ,FBE, İstanbul.
  • Yuan, Q., Wang, S., ve Peng, J. (2023). Operational Efficiency Optimization Method for Ship Fleet to Comply with the Carbon İntensity İndicator (CII) regulation. Ocean Engineering, 286, 115487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.115487
  • Zhu, Y., Zhou, S., Feng, Y., Hu, Z., ve Yuan, L. (2017). Influences of Solar Energy on the Energy Efficiency Design İndex for New Building Ships. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42(30), 19389–19394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.06.042
  • Ziylan, K. (2017). Türk Gemi İşletmelerinde Gemi Enerji Verimliliği Uygulamalarının Karşılaştırmalı Analizleri (Yayınlanmış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, FBE, İzmir.
  • URL 1: Military Factory. (2024). Amphibious Assault Ships. Erişim Tarihi 12 Mayıs 2024 https://www.militaryfactory.com/ships/amphibious-assault-vessels.php

Çıkarma Gemilerinin Enerji Verimliliği Dizayn İndeksi (EEDI) Performansının Analizi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 5, 28 - 41, 30.06.2024

Öz

Gemi endüstrisi, dünya ticaretinin belkemiğidir ve enerji verimliliği bu endüstrinin temel bir önceliğidir. Deniz taşımacılığı, küresel enerji tüketiminin önemli bir kısmını temsil ederken, aynı zamanda sera gazı emisyonlarının da önemli bir kaynağıdır. Bu nedenle, gemi tasarımı ve işletmesinde enerji verimliliğini arttırmak ekonomik ve çevresel açıdan kritiktir. Uluslararası Denizcilik Örgütü (IMO), gemilerin enerji verimliliğini değerlendirmek ve geliştirmek için çeşitli önlemler almıştır. Bu önlemler arasında, IMO tarafından ortaya konulan enerji verimliliği dizayn indeksi (EEDI), gemilerin enerji etkinliğini değerlendirmek ve karşılaştırmak için kullanılan önemli bir araçtır. EEDI, gemi inşaatının erken aşamalarında tasarım ve mühendislik kararlarını yönlendirerek ve optimize ederek enerji verimliliğini artırmayı amaçlar. Bu çalışmada, IMO'nun EEDI hesaplama yöntemi kullanılarak askeri gemilerin verimlilikleri değerlendirilmiş ve referans değerlerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Farklı boyutlarda ve makine güçlerine sahip birden fazla gemi üzerinde yapılan çalışmada, örnek bir gemi için hesaplama yöntemi gösterilerek tüm gemilere uygulanmıştır. IMO tarafından farklı ticaret gemi tipleri için belirlenen referans verimlilik değerleri hesaplama yöntemi de paylaşılmıştır. Çalışmada, askeri çıkarma gemi tipine en çok benzeyen Roll on-Roll off (Ro-Ro) tipi kargo ticaret gemisi kullanılarak hesaplama yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar gerçek EEDI değerlerinin referans verimlilik değerlerinden yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Bunun nedeni, askeri gemilerin enerji verimliliğinden çok operasyonel kabiliyetlerine odaklanılmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Ancak, enerji tüketiminde yapılacak iyileştirmelerin stratejik avantajlar sağlayabileceği öngörülmektedir. Çalışma, askeri gemilerin enerji verimliliğini artırmak için optimize edilebileceklerini ve bu iyileştirmelerin operasyonel kabiliyeti ileri düzeye taşıyabileceğini vurgulamaktadır. Gelecekte yapılacak optimizasyonlarla tasarruf edilen enerjinin farklı alanlarda kullanılarak operasyonel kabiliyetin geliştirilebileceği öngörülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Alshawi, M. A. O. S., ve Tsitskishvili, A. (2019). Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan: Analysis of Biofouling Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan: Analysis of Biofouling Effect on Co2 Emission Performance of Iraq Non-Trading Fleet Effect on Co2 Emission Performance of Iraq Non-Trading Fleet , (published Master Thesis) World Maritime University, Maritime Affairs, Sweeden. . https://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations/1186
  • Ang, J., Goh, C., Saldivar, A., ve Li, Y. (2017). Energy-Efficient Through-Life Smart Design, Manufacturing and Operation of Ships in an Industry 4.0 Environment. Energies, 10(5), 610. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10050610
  • Beşikçi, E. B. (2015). Gemi Sefer Yönetiminde Enerji Verimliliğinin Optimizasyonu (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Lisans Tezi). İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, FBE, İstanbul.
  • Çetin, O., ve Ziya Sogut, M. (2021). A New Strategic Approach of Energy Management Onboard Ships Supported by Exergy and Economic Criteria: A Case Study of a cargo Ship. Ocean Engineering, 219, 108137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.108137
  • Devanney, J. (2011). The İmpact of The Energy Efficiency Design İndex on Very Large Crude Carrier Design and CO2 Emissions. Ships and Offshore Structures, 6(4), 355–368. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2010.546651
  • Godet, A., Nurup, J. N., Saber, J. T., Panagakos, G., ve Barfod, M. B. (2023). Operational Cycles for Maritime Transportation: A Benchmarking Tool for Ship Energy Efficiency. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 121(July), 103840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2023.103840
  • Gougoulidis, G. (2015). Energy-saving Measures for Naval Operations. 6th Annual NMIOTC Conference 2015 Current and Future Challenges to Energy Security in the Maritime Environment, February, 1–8.
  • Huilin Ren, Yu Ding, ve Congbiao Sui. (2019). Influence of EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) on Ship–Engine–Propeller Matching. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 7(12), 425. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7120425
  • IMO. (2012). Guidelines for the Development of a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) (C. 66, Sayı March).
  • Kaminski, W. (2022). Implementation of Energy Efficiency Management in Shipping Companies and Ships in Operation. Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series, 2022(157), 223–235. https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2022.157.14
  • Kizielewicz, J. (2022). Monitoring Energy Efficiency and Environmental Ship Index by Cruise Seaports in Northern Europe. Energies, 15(12), 4215. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15124215
  • Lee, S., Yoo, S., Park, H., Ahn, J., ve Chang, D. (2021). Novel Methodology For EEDI Calculation Considering Onboard Carbon Capture And Storage System. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 105, 103241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2020.103241
  • Martins, F., Felgueiras, C., Smitkova, M., ve Caetano, N. (2019). Analysis of Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption and Environmental Impacts in European Countries. Energies, 12(6), 964. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12060964 MEPC Resolution 176(58). (2011). Amendments to the Annex of the Protocol of 1997 to Amend the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973, as Modified by the Protocol of 1978 Relating Thereto. Amendments to MARPOL Annex VI. MEPC (C. 70). MEPC Resolution 364(79). (2022). Guidelines on the Method of Calculation of the Attained Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for New Ships.
  • Narula, K. (2019). Maritime Security and Its Role in Sustainable Energy Security. The Maritime Dimension of Sustainable Energy Security (ss. 117–142). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1589-3_6
  • Papadakis, N., ve Katsaprakakis, D. Al. (2023). A Review of Energy Efficiency Interventions in Public Buildings. Energies, 16(17), 6329. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176329
  • Poulsen, R. T., Viktorelius, M., Varvne, H., Rasmussen, H. B., ve von Knorring, H. (2022). Energy Efficiency İn Ship Operations - Exploring Voyage Decisions And Decision-Makers. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 102, 103120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103120
  • Stec, M., Tatarczuk, A., Iluk, T., ve Szul, M. (2021). Reducing The Energy Efficiency Design İndex for Ships Through a Post-Combustion Carbon Capture Process. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 108, 103333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103333
  • Stern, D. I., ve Kander, A. (2010). The Role of Energy in the Industrial Revolution and Modern Economic Growth. SSRN Electronic Journal, 33(3), 125–152. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1759705
  • Tadros, M., Ventura, M., ve Soares, C. G. (2023). Review of Current Regulations, Available Technologies and Future Trends in the Green Shipping İndustry. Ocean Engineering, 280, 114670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.114670
  • Tatar, V., ve Özer, M. B. (2018). The Impacts of CO2 Emissions from Maritime Transport on the Environment and Climate Change. International Journal of Environmental Trends (IJENT), 2(1), 5–24.
  • Tokuşlu, A. (2020). Analyzing the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) Performance of a Container Ship. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 7(2), 114–119. https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.703255
  • Yılmaz, O. (2021). Denizcilikte Enerji Verimliliği Tasarım İndeksi Analizi (Yayınlanmış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İTÜ,FBE, İstanbul.
  • Yuan, Q., Wang, S., ve Peng, J. (2023). Operational Efficiency Optimization Method for Ship Fleet to Comply with the Carbon İntensity İndicator (CII) regulation. Ocean Engineering, 286, 115487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.115487
  • Zhu, Y., Zhou, S., Feng, Y., Hu, Z., ve Yuan, L. (2017). Influences of Solar Energy on the Energy Efficiency Design İndex for New Building Ships. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42(30), 19389–19394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.06.042
  • Ziylan, K. (2017). Türk Gemi İşletmelerinde Gemi Enerji Verimliliği Uygulamalarının Karşılaştırmalı Analizleri (Yayınlanmış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, FBE, İzmir.
  • URL 1: Military Factory. (2024). Amphibious Assault Ships. Erişim Tarihi 12 Mayıs 2024 https://www.militaryfactory.com/ships/amphibious-assault-vessels.php
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Deniz Ulaştırma Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mehmet Özdağ 0009-0009-2945-9206

Sayit Ozbey 0000-0002-9782-6997

İsmet Tıkız 0000-0003-4477-799X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Mayıs 2024
Kabul Tarihi 2 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

APA Özdağ, M., Ozbey, S., & Tıkız, İ. (2024). Çıkarma Gemilerinin Enerji Verimliliği Dizayn İndeksi (EEDI) Performansının Analizi. Denizcilik Araştırmaları Dergisi: Amfora, 3(5), 28-41.

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