Araştırma Makalesi
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Ebeveyn Teknoferansı Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 105 - 124, 31.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.1741421

Öz

Amaç: Son yıllarda teknolojik cihazların gelişimi ve kullanımındaki artış bireylerarası iletişimi etkilemekle birlikte alan yazında yeni kavramları beraberinde getirmektedir. Bahsedilen kavramlardan biri olan ebeveyn teknoferansı, ebeveyn-çocuk etkileşimi sırasında teknolojik cihazların kullanımı sebebiyle anlık etkileşimin kesintiye uğramasını ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 48-72 ay arası çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin teknoferanslarını incelemek için bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir.
Yöntem: Nicel araştırma yaklaşımının kullanıldığı bu çalışma betimsel tarama modelindedir. .Araştırma, kartopu örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak Türkiye’nin çeşitli illerinde yaşayan ve okul öncesi eğitime devam eden 48-72 ay aralığında çocuğu olan ebeveynler ile yürütülmüştür. Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) için 465 ebeveyn, Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) için 272 ebeveyn olmak üzere toplam 737 ebeveyn ile çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan ebeveynlerin sosyodemografik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla “Demografik Bilgi Formu” oluşturmuştur. Aynı zamanda araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen “Ebeveyn Teknoferansı Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Kapsam geçerliği için yedi uzmanın görüşü alınmış, yapı geçerliği için Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Yapılan analizler sonucunda ölçme aracının 36 maddeden ve üç boyuttan oluşan, beşli likert tipinde olan yapısı ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Ölçeğin Cronbach Alpha değeri 0.92 bulunurken; Ebeveyn Teknoferansı Özellikleri boyutu 0.90, Ebeveyn Teknoferansının Çocuğa Yansımaları boyutu 0.93, Ebeveynlerin Akıllı Cihaz Kullanımını Azaltmaya Yönelik Aldığı Önlemler boyutu 0.70 bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Geliştirilen ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu saptanmıştır. Ebeveynlerin teknoferans eğilimlerinin değerlendirilmesinde yol gösterici olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Haug, S., Castro, R. P., Kwon, M., Filler, A., Kowatsch, T., & Schaub, M. P. (2015). Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in Switzerland. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(4), 299-307.
  • 2. Ting, C. H., & Chen, Y. Y. (2020). Smartphone addiction. In Adolescent Addiction (pp. 215-240). Academic Press.
  • 3. Chamam, S., Forcella, A., Musio, N., Quinodoz, F., & Dimitrova, N. (2024). Effects of digital and non-digital parental distraction on parent-child interaction and communication. Frontiers Child Adolescent Psychiatry 3:1330331. 10.3389/frcha.2024.1330331
  • 4. McDaniel, B. T. (2015). “Technoference”: Everyday intrusions and interruptions of technology in couple and family relationships. In C. J. Bruess (Ed.), Family communication in the age of digital and social media. New York: Peter Lang Publishing.
  • 5. Weinstein, A. M., & Siste, K. (2023). Excessive and problematic smartphone usage, volume II. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1181652.
  • 6. Turkle, S. (2011). Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other. Basic Books.
  • 7. McDaniel, B. T., & Coyne, S. M. (2016). “Technoference”: The interference of technology in couple relationships and implications for women’s personal and relational well-being. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 5(1), 85.
  • 8. Coyne, S. M., McDaniel, B. T., & Stockdale, L. A. (2017). “Do you dare to compare?” Associations between maternal social comparisons on social networking sites and parenting, mental health, and romantic relationship outcomes. Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 335–340.
  • 9. Qiao, L., & Liu, Q. (2020). The effect of technoference in parent-child relationships on adolescent smartphone addiction: the role of cognitive factors. Children and Youth Services Review, 105340.
  • 10. Stockdale, L. A., Coyne, S. M., & Padilla-Walker, L. M. (2018). Parent and child technoference and socioemotional behavioral outcomes: A nationally representative study of 10- to 20-year-old adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 88, 219–226.
  • 11. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2025). Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri (BT) Kullanım Araştırması, 2025
  • 12. (Bülten No: 53925). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2025-53925
  • 13. McDaniel, B.T., Linder, L., Vanden Abeele, M.M.P., Ventura, A.K., Coyne, S.M., & Barr, R. (2025). Technoference in Parenting and Impacts on Parent–Child Relationships and Child Development. In: Christakis, D.A., Hale, L. (eds) Handbook of Children and Screens.
  • 14. Myruski, S. B., Guler, J., & Birk, J. L. (2018). The effect of parental mobile device use on parent-child interaction: A meta-analysis. Developmental Review, 49, 1–17.
  • 15. Radesky, J. S., Kistin, C., Zuckerman, B., Christakis, D. A., Milton, J., Schweder, A. E., ... & Silverstein, M. (2015). Patterns of mobile device use by caregivers and children in waiting rooms and restaurants. Pediatrics, 136(2), 337–343.
  • 16. Radesky, J. S., & Christakis, D. A. (2016). Increased mobile media use and pediatric health: The role of parents. Pediatrics, 138(4), 171–172.
  • 17. Mackay, L. J., Komanchuk, J., Hayden, K. A. ve Letourneau, N. (2022). Impacts of parental technoference on parent-child relationships and child health and developmental outcomes: a scoping review protocol. University of Calgary's Digital Repository, 11(1), 2-7.
  • 18. Elias, N., Lemish, D., Dalyot, S., & Floegel, D. (2021). “Where are you?” An observational exploration of parental technoference in public places in the US and Israel. Journal of Children and Media, 15(3), 376-388.
  • 19. Liu, Q., Wu, J., Zhou, Z., & Wang, W. (2020). Parental technoference and smartphone addiction in Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of social sensitivity and loneliness. Children and Youth Services Review, 105434.
  • 20. Shao, T., Zhu, C., Lei, H., Jiang, Y., Wang, H., & Zhang, C. (2024). The relationship of parent-child technoference and child problematic smartphone use: the roles of parent-child relationship, negative parenting styles, and children’s gender. Psychology Research Behavior Management, 20(17), 2067-2081.
  • 21. Arnaudeau, S., Hofer, C., & Danet, M. (2024). Parental technoference: Literature review of the links to quality of parenting and the socioemotional development of young children. Canadian Psycholog, 65(3), 188-200.
  • 22. Özdemir, G. (2024). Ebeveyn Teknoferansı Ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, ANKARA.
  • 23. McDaniel, B. T. (2021). The DISRUPT : A measure of parent distraction with phones and mobile devices and associations with depression, stress, and parenting quality. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies.
  • 24. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2020). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • 25. Rüzgar, M. E., Boyraz, S., & Sözcü, İ. (2023). Eğitim bilimlerinde araştırma 101. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • 26. Karaca, S. (2021). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Gazi Kitabevi.
  • 27. Goodman, L. A. (1961). Snowball sampling. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 32(1), 148–170.
  • 28. Baltar, F., & Brunet, I. (2012). Social research 2.0: virtual snowball sampling method using Facebook. Internet Research, 22(1), 57–74.
  • 29. Ayğar, B. B., & Uzun, B. (2018). Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 5(3), 1-19.
  • 30. Uyumaz, G. & Sırgancı, G. (2020). Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi için gerekli örneklem büyüklüğü kaç kişidir?: Bayes yaklaşımı ve maksimum olabilirlik kestirimi. OPUS–Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(32), 5302- 5340.
  • 31. Akbağ, M., & Sayıner, B. (2021). Dijital teknolojinin yansımaları: Ebeveyn teknoferansı ve sosyotelizmi. Humanistic Perspective, 3(3), 753-778.
  • 32. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2005). Anket geliştirme. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 133-151.
  • 33. Mertler, C. A. & Reinhart, R. V. (2017). Advanced and multivariate statistical methods: Practical application and interpretation. New York: Taylor ve Francis Group.
  • 34. Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (3rd Edition). London: Sage
  • 35. Şengül Avşar, A. (2024). Açımlayıcı faktör analizi ve güvenirlik analizi. A. Şengül Avşar (Ed.), Jamovi ile kolay istatistik içinde (s. 179-204). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • 36. Cohen, R. J. & Swerdlik, M. (2009). Psychological assessment: an introduction to tests and measurements, (7th ed.).McGraw−Hill Primis.
  • 37. Çokluk, O., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları (2. baskı). Pegem Akademi
  • 38. Kline, P. (1994). An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis. New York: Routledge.
  • 39. Myers, N. D., Ahn, S., & Jin, Y. (2011). Sample size and power estimates for a confirmatory factor analytic model in exercise and sport: A Monte Carlo approach. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 82(3), 412-423.
  • 40. Li, C. H. (2016). Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: Comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least squares. Behavior Research Methods, 48, 936-949.
  • 41. Zimmer, C., & Odum, I. (2019). Learn to perform confirmatory factor analysis in stata with data from general social survey (2016). In SAGE Research Methods Datasets Part 2. SAGE Publications, Ltd.
  • 42. Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136–162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • 43. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
  • 44. Bentler P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychol Bull, 107(2), 238-246.
  • 45. DeVellis, R.F. (2003) Scale development: Theory and application. 2nd Edition, Sage, Thousand Oaks.
  • 46. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
  • 47. Hair, J.F., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Prentice-Hall.
  • 48. Kılıman, S., Ergün, N., Aslan, A., & Göksu, İ. (2024). The role of technological devices in parent-children interactions: The correlated variables of children’s well-being and life satisfaction. E-Learning and Digital Media, 22(1), 50-66.
  • 49. Yıldız, E., Keşşafoğlu, D., Altundal, M. N., Akel, G., & Uzundağ, B. A. (2025). Navigating the digital age: Children’s self‑regulatory skills and technoference in parent–child interactions. Family Relations. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13179
  • 50. Özcan, A., & Tezel-Şahin, F. (2025). Adaptation of the Technoference in Parent-Child Relationships Scale into Turkish: Validity and reliability study. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 12(1), 15– 28.
  • 51. McDaniel, B. T., & Radesky, J. S. (2018). Technoference: Parent distraction with technology and associations with child behavior problems. Child Development, 89(1), 100–109.
  • 52. Çakır, C., & Köseliören, M. (2022). Technoference as technology ınterference in the communication process: A study on married couples. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 9(2), 609-626.
  • 53. Özcan, A. & Tezel Şahin, F. (2023). “Teknoferans”: Teknoloji cihazı müdahale ölçeği ve yaşam örneklerinde teknoloji müdahalesi ölçeğinin türkçeye uyarlanması. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14, 1-24.

Parental Technoference Scale: Validity and Reliability Study

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 105 - 124, 31.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.1741421

Öz

communication and brought new concepts in the literature. Parental technoference, one of these concepts, refers to the interruption of instant interaction due to the use of technological devices during parent-child interaction. The aim of this study is to develop a measurement tool to examine the technoference of parents with children aged 48-72 months.
Method: This study, which employs a quantitative research approach, is designed as a descriptive survey model. The study was conducted using the snowball sampling method with parents who live in various provinces of Turkey and have children aged 48–72 months attending preschool education. The study was conducted with a total of 737 parents, including 465 parents for the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and 272 parents for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). “Demographic Information Form” was developed to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of the participating parents. In addition, the “Parental Technoference Scale,” developed by the researchers, was utilized in the study. For content validity, the opinions of seven experts were obtained and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed to establish construct validity.
Results: As a result of the analyses, a five-point Likert-type structure consisting of 36 items and three dimensions was revealed. While the Cronbach Alpha value of the scale was found to be 0.92, the Parental Technoference Characteristics dimension was found to be 0.90, the Reflections of Parental Technoference on the Child dimension was found to be 0.93, and the Measures Taken by Parents to Reduce the Use of Smart Devices dimension was found to be 0.70.
Conclusion: The developed scale was found to be a valid and reliable measurement instrument. It is considered that it will serve as a guiding tool in assessing parents’ technoference tendencies.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Haug, S., Castro, R. P., Kwon, M., Filler, A., Kowatsch, T., & Schaub, M. P. (2015). Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in Switzerland. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(4), 299-307.
  • 2. Ting, C. H., & Chen, Y. Y. (2020). Smartphone addiction. In Adolescent Addiction (pp. 215-240). Academic Press.
  • 3. Chamam, S., Forcella, A., Musio, N., Quinodoz, F., & Dimitrova, N. (2024). Effects of digital and non-digital parental distraction on parent-child interaction and communication. Frontiers Child Adolescent Psychiatry 3:1330331. 10.3389/frcha.2024.1330331
  • 4. McDaniel, B. T. (2015). “Technoference”: Everyday intrusions and interruptions of technology in couple and family relationships. In C. J. Bruess (Ed.), Family communication in the age of digital and social media. New York: Peter Lang Publishing.
  • 5. Weinstein, A. M., & Siste, K. (2023). Excessive and problematic smartphone usage, volume II. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1181652.
  • 6. Turkle, S. (2011). Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other. Basic Books.
  • 7. McDaniel, B. T., & Coyne, S. M. (2016). “Technoference”: The interference of technology in couple relationships and implications for women’s personal and relational well-being. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 5(1), 85.
  • 8. Coyne, S. M., McDaniel, B. T., & Stockdale, L. A. (2017). “Do you dare to compare?” Associations between maternal social comparisons on social networking sites and parenting, mental health, and romantic relationship outcomes. Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 335–340.
  • 9. Qiao, L., & Liu, Q. (2020). The effect of technoference in parent-child relationships on adolescent smartphone addiction: the role of cognitive factors. Children and Youth Services Review, 105340.
  • 10. Stockdale, L. A., Coyne, S. M., & Padilla-Walker, L. M. (2018). Parent and child technoference and socioemotional behavioral outcomes: A nationally representative study of 10- to 20-year-old adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 88, 219–226.
  • 11. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2025). Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri (BT) Kullanım Araştırması, 2025
  • 12. (Bülten No: 53925). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2025-53925
  • 13. McDaniel, B.T., Linder, L., Vanden Abeele, M.M.P., Ventura, A.K., Coyne, S.M., & Barr, R. (2025). Technoference in Parenting and Impacts on Parent–Child Relationships and Child Development. In: Christakis, D.A., Hale, L. (eds) Handbook of Children and Screens.
  • 14. Myruski, S. B., Guler, J., & Birk, J. L. (2018). The effect of parental mobile device use on parent-child interaction: A meta-analysis. Developmental Review, 49, 1–17.
  • 15. Radesky, J. S., Kistin, C., Zuckerman, B., Christakis, D. A., Milton, J., Schweder, A. E., ... & Silverstein, M. (2015). Patterns of mobile device use by caregivers and children in waiting rooms and restaurants. Pediatrics, 136(2), 337–343.
  • 16. Radesky, J. S., & Christakis, D. A. (2016). Increased mobile media use and pediatric health: The role of parents. Pediatrics, 138(4), 171–172.
  • 17. Mackay, L. J., Komanchuk, J., Hayden, K. A. ve Letourneau, N. (2022). Impacts of parental technoference on parent-child relationships and child health and developmental outcomes: a scoping review protocol. University of Calgary's Digital Repository, 11(1), 2-7.
  • 18. Elias, N., Lemish, D., Dalyot, S., & Floegel, D. (2021). “Where are you?” An observational exploration of parental technoference in public places in the US and Israel. Journal of Children and Media, 15(3), 376-388.
  • 19. Liu, Q., Wu, J., Zhou, Z., & Wang, W. (2020). Parental technoference and smartphone addiction in Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of social sensitivity and loneliness. Children and Youth Services Review, 105434.
  • 20. Shao, T., Zhu, C., Lei, H., Jiang, Y., Wang, H., & Zhang, C. (2024). The relationship of parent-child technoference and child problematic smartphone use: the roles of parent-child relationship, negative parenting styles, and children’s gender. Psychology Research Behavior Management, 20(17), 2067-2081.
  • 21. Arnaudeau, S., Hofer, C., & Danet, M. (2024). Parental technoference: Literature review of the links to quality of parenting and the socioemotional development of young children. Canadian Psycholog, 65(3), 188-200.
  • 22. Özdemir, G. (2024). Ebeveyn Teknoferansı Ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, ANKARA.
  • 23. McDaniel, B. T. (2021). The DISRUPT : A measure of parent distraction with phones and mobile devices and associations with depression, stress, and parenting quality. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies.
  • 24. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2020). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • 25. Rüzgar, M. E., Boyraz, S., & Sözcü, İ. (2023). Eğitim bilimlerinde araştırma 101. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • 26. Karaca, S. (2021). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Gazi Kitabevi.
  • 27. Goodman, L. A. (1961). Snowball sampling. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 32(1), 148–170.
  • 28. Baltar, F., & Brunet, I. (2012). Social research 2.0: virtual snowball sampling method using Facebook. Internet Research, 22(1), 57–74.
  • 29. Ayğar, B. B., & Uzun, B. (2018). Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 5(3), 1-19.
  • 30. Uyumaz, G. & Sırgancı, G. (2020). Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi için gerekli örneklem büyüklüğü kaç kişidir?: Bayes yaklaşımı ve maksimum olabilirlik kestirimi. OPUS–Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(32), 5302- 5340.
  • 31. Akbağ, M., & Sayıner, B. (2021). Dijital teknolojinin yansımaları: Ebeveyn teknoferansı ve sosyotelizmi. Humanistic Perspective, 3(3), 753-778.
  • 32. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2005). Anket geliştirme. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 133-151.
  • 33. Mertler, C. A. & Reinhart, R. V. (2017). Advanced and multivariate statistical methods: Practical application and interpretation. New York: Taylor ve Francis Group.
  • 34. Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (3rd Edition). London: Sage
  • 35. Şengül Avşar, A. (2024). Açımlayıcı faktör analizi ve güvenirlik analizi. A. Şengül Avşar (Ed.), Jamovi ile kolay istatistik içinde (s. 179-204). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • 36. Cohen, R. J. & Swerdlik, M. (2009). Psychological assessment: an introduction to tests and measurements, (7th ed.).McGraw−Hill Primis.
  • 37. Çokluk, O., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları (2. baskı). Pegem Akademi
  • 38. Kline, P. (1994). An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis. New York: Routledge.
  • 39. Myers, N. D., Ahn, S., & Jin, Y. (2011). Sample size and power estimates for a confirmatory factor analytic model in exercise and sport: A Monte Carlo approach. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 82(3), 412-423.
  • 40. Li, C. H. (2016). Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: Comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least squares. Behavior Research Methods, 48, 936-949.
  • 41. Zimmer, C., & Odum, I. (2019). Learn to perform confirmatory factor analysis in stata with data from general social survey (2016). In SAGE Research Methods Datasets Part 2. SAGE Publications, Ltd.
  • 42. Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136–162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • 43. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
  • 44. Bentler P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychol Bull, 107(2), 238-246.
  • 45. DeVellis, R.F. (2003) Scale development: Theory and application. 2nd Edition, Sage, Thousand Oaks.
  • 46. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
  • 47. Hair, J.F., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Prentice-Hall.
  • 48. Kılıman, S., Ergün, N., Aslan, A., & Göksu, İ. (2024). The role of technological devices in parent-children interactions: The correlated variables of children’s well-being and life satisfaction. E-Learning and Digital Media, 22(1), 50-66.
  • 49. Yıldız, E., Keşşafoğlu, D., Altundal, M. N., Akel, G., & Uzundağ, B. A. (2025). Navigating the digital age: Children’s self‑regulatory skills and technoference in parent–child interactions. Family Relations. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13179
  • 50. Özcan, A., & Tezel-Şahin, F. (2025). Adaptation of the Technoference in Parent-Child Relationships Scale into Turkish: Validity and reliability study. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 12(1), 15– 28.
  • 51. McDaniel, B. T., & Radesky, J. S. (2018). Technoference: Parent distraction with technology and associations with child behavior problems. Child Development, 89(1), 100–109.
  • 52. Çakır, C., & Köseliören, M. (2022). Technoference as technology ınterference in the communication process: A study on married couples. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 9(2), 609-626.
  • 53. Özcan, A. & Tezel Şahin, F. (2023). “Teknoferans”: Teknoloji cihazı müdahale ölçeği ve yaşam örneklerinde teknoloji müdahalesi ölçeğinin türkçeye uyarlanması. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14, 1-24.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Toplum Çocuk Sağlığı
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Gökçen Özdemir 0009-0009-0762-7184

Serap Demiriz 0000-0003-3369-5753

Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Temmuz 2025
Kabul Tarihi 15 Ocak 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Özdemir, G., & Demiriz, S. (2026). Ebeveyn Teknoferansı Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(1), 105-124. https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.1741421