Yetişkinlerde Beslenme, Fiziksel Aktivite ve Yaşam Kalitesi Arasındaki İlişkiler: Kesitsel Bir Analiz

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, yetişkin bireylerde besin tüketimi, fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ve sağlıkla ilişkili yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişkileri değerlendirmektir.

Yöntem: Kesitsel tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışmada besin ögesi alımı için 24 saatlik besin tüketim kaydı, fiziksel aktivite seviyesini değerlendirmek için Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi-Kısa Form (IPAQ-SF) ve yaşam kalitesini değerlendirmek için SF-12 Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler IBM SPSS Statistics 26 yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Toplam 1650 kişi (%57,3 kadın, %42,7 erkek) gönüllü olarak çalışmaya katılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 43,5±19,04 yıl, ortalama beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) ise 25,9±5,09 kg/m² olarak belirlenmiştir. Yaş ile Fiziksel Bileşen (PCS-12) (r=-0,530, p<0,001) ve IPAQ-SF (r=-0,355, p<0,001) skorları arasında negatif ve orta düzeyde; BKİ ile PCS-12 (r=-0,302, p<0,001) arasında negatif korelasyon saptanmıştır. IPAQ-SF skoru ile protein (r=0,130, p<0,001) ve enerji (r=0,049, p<0,001) arasında zayıf pozitif korelasyon belirlenmiştir. Regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre yaş, BKİ, Mental Bileşen (MCS-12), IPAQ-SF toplam skoru ve bazı besin tüketim değişkenlerinden oluşan model, PCS-12 skorundaki varyansın %35,4’ünü açıklamaktadır (R²=0,354, p<0,001).

Sonuç: Çalışma sonuçları, beslenme ve fiziksel aktivitenin yaşam kalitesinin hem fiziksel hem zihinsel bileşenleri üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bulgular, sağlıklı yaşam biçimlerinin teşvik edilmesi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bununla birlikte, gelecekte yapılacak boylamsal ve müdahale çalışmalarının, beslenme ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin yaşam kalitesi üzerindeki nedensel etkilerini daha ayrıntılı olarak ortaya koyması yararlı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beslenme
• Fiziksel aktivite
• Yaşam Kalitesi
• Yetişkin
• Beden Kütle İndeksi

Relationships Between Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Quality Of Life in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Öz

Objective: This study aims to assess the relationships between dietary intake, physical activity level, and health-related quality of life (QoL) in adults.

Method: This cross-sectional and descriptive study utilized a 24-hour dietary recall to assess nutrient intake, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) to measure physical activity levels, and the SF-12 Health Survey to measure QoL. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26.

Results: A total of 1,650 individuals (57.3% women) voluntarily participated in the study. The mean age was 43.5±19.04 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.9±5.09 kg/m². Negative and moderate correlations were found between age and the Physical Component Summary (PCS-12) (r=-0.530, p<0.001), and between age and IPAQ-SF scores (r=-0.355, p<0.001). BMI was also negatively correlated with PCS-12 scores (r=-0.302, p<0.001). IPAQ-SF scores were weak but positively correlated with protein (r=0.130, p<0.001) and energy intake (r=0.049, p<0.001). According to the results of the regression analysis, the model consisting of age, BMI, Mental Component Summary (MCS-12), total IPAQ-SF score, and several nutrient intake variables explained 35.4% of the variance in the PCS-12 score (R²=0.354, p<0.001).

Conclusion: The findings indicate that nutrition and physical activity are significantly associated with both the physical and mental components of health-related QoL. These results underline the importance of promoting healthy lifestyle behaviours. However, future longitudinal and interventional studies would be useful to elucidate the causal effects of dietary habits and physical activity levels on QoL in greater detail.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nutrition
• Physical Activity
• Quality of Life (QoL)
• Adults
• Body Mass Index

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