Araştırma Makalesi

The Effect of Fetal Sex on Prenatal Attachment and Happiness Levels

Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3 30 Eylül 2026
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The Effect of Fetal Sex on Prenatal Attachment and Happiness Levels

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of fetal sex on prenatal attachment and happiness levels in pregnant women.

Method: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 209 pregnant women between the 20th and 42nd gestational weeks at a state hospital in Eastern Anatolia between January 10 and April 10, 2025. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Prenatal Attachment Scale (PAS), and the Happiness Scale (HS). Data analysis was performed using appropriate statistical software, with a significance level set at p<0.05.

Results: The mean PAS scores were 92.43±9.16 for pregnancies with a female fetus and 92.12±9.93 for those with a male fetus. The mean HS scores were 21.79±4.47 and 22.56±4.29 for female and male fetuses, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between fetal sex and the PAS or HS scores (p>0.05). Among women carrying male fetuses, no significant relationship was found between PAS and HS scores (p>0.05). However, in pregnancies with female fetuses, a weak positive correlation was observed between PAS and HS scores (p=0.013). Logistic regression analysis of variables thought to affect fetal sex revealed no significant model in terms of model fit or regression coefficients.

Conclusion: An increase in prenatal attachment was associated with increased happiness in women carrying female fetuses. However, fetal sex did not significantly affect prenatal attachment or happiness levels.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Etik Beyan

Prior to the commencement of the study, approval was obtained from the Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Social and Human Sciences Research Ethics Committee (approval number: E-33490967-044-508509, dated December 10, 2024, decision number: 01.52) as well as from the relevant hospital (approval number: E-39320161-770-264927422, dated January 9, 2025).

Kaynakça

  1. 1. Koç Özkan, T., Şimşek Küçükkelepçe, D., & Aydın Özkan, S. (2020). Gebelikte prenatal bağlanma ve vücut algısı arasındaki ilişki ve etkileyen faktörler. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1), 49-54. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.587467
  2. 2. Dereli Yılmaz, S., & Kızılkaya Beji, N. (2013). Prenatal bağlanma envanterinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences, 16(2), 103–109. https://izlik.org/JA36ER73GN
  3. 3. Erkal Aksoy, Y., Dereli Yılmaz, S., & Aslantekin, F. (2016). Riskli gebeliklerde prenatal bağlanma ve sosyal destek. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences, 1(3), 163–169. https://doi.org/10.5336/healthsci.2016-50668
  4. 4. Ossa, X., Bustos, L., & Fernandez, L. (2012). Prenatal attachment and associated factors during the third trimester of pregnancy in Temuco, Chile. Midwifery, 28(5), e689–e696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2011.08.015
  5. 5. Branjerdporn, G., Meredith, P., Strong, J., & Garcia, J. (2017). Associations between maternal-foetal attachment and infant developmental outcomes: A systematic review. Matern. Child Health J., 21(3), 540–553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-016-2138-2
  6. 6. Atasever, İ., & Sis Çelik, A. (2018). Prenatal stresin ana-çocuk sağlığı üzerine etkisi. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences, 21(1), 60–68. https://izlik.org/JA74UF67XD
  7. 7. Guse, T., Wissing, M., & Hartman, W. (2006). The effect of a prenatal hypnotherapeutic programme on postnatal maternal psychological well‐being. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 24(2), 163–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646830600644070
  8. 8. Doan, H. M., & Zimerman, A. (2003). Conceptualizing prenatal attachment: Toward a multidimensional view. Journal of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Health, 18(2), 109 129. http://search.proquest.com/docview/198694662?accountid=36557

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Doğumun Psikososyal Yönleri ve Perinatal Ruh Sağlığı

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Eylül 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

10 Ekim 2025

Kabul Tarihi

26 Şubat 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA
Şencel, G., & Çataloluk, A. (2026). The Effect of Fetal Sex on Prenatal Attachment and Happiness Levels. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(3), 338-349. https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.1800854
AMA
1.Şencel G, Çataloluk A. The Effect of Fetal Sex on Prenatal Attachment and Happiness Levels. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026;10(3):338-349. doi:10.46237/amusbfd.1800854
Chicago
Şencel, Gülbahar, ve Ayşe Çataloluk. 2026. “The Effect of Fetal Sex on Prenatal Attachment and Happiness Levels”. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 10 (3): 338-49. https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.1800854.
EndNote
Şencel G, Çataloluk A (01 Eylül 2026) The Effect of Fetal Sex on Prenatal Attachment and Happiness Levels. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 10 3 338–349.
IEEE
[1]G. Şencel ve A. Çataloluk, “The Effect of Fetal Sex on Prenatal Attachment and Happiness Levels”, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 10, sy 3, ss. 338–349, Eyl. 2026, doi: 10.46237/amusbfd.1800854.
ISNAD
Şencel, Gülbahar - Çataloluk, Ayşe. “The Effect of Fetal Sex on Prenatal Attachment and Happiness Levels”. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 10/3 (01 Eylül 2026): 338-349. https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.1800854.
JAMA
1.Şencel G, Çataloluk A. The Effect of Fetal Sex on Prenatal Attachment and Happiness Levels. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026;10:338–349.
MLA
Şencel, Gülbahar, ve Ayşe Çataloluk. “The Effect of Fetal Sex on Prenatal Attachment and Happiness Levels”. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 10, sy 3, Eylül 2026, ss. 338-49, doi:10.46237/amusbfd.1800854.
Vancouver
1.Gülbahar Şencel, Ayşe Çataloluk. The Effect of Fetal Sex on Prenatal Attachment and Happiness Levels. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 01 Eylül 2026;10(3):338-49. doi:10.46237/amusbfd.1800854