Biomechanical Factors Affecting Running

Öz

With the increasing awareness of the benefits of aerobic exercise on healthy lifestyle and quality of life in society, jogging and running are becoming increasingly popular in the community. As participation in these exercises increases, there is a natural increase in the incidence of both acute and chronic injuries related to running. An accurate understanding of the biomechanics of walking and running is important in order to prevent and effectively treat injuries. A proper running gait biomechanics includes the synchronized motion of all components of the kinetic chain. The foot provides adjustment to the ground, balance, proprioception and propulsion needed for take off. Abnormal alignment of the pelvis and the trunk affects body mechanics, consequently cause injuries. Therefore it’s essential to understand the biomechanical effects on all the kinetic chain during running. This article will briefly address the biomechanical differences between walking and running, afterwards, the biomechanical phases that occur in the lower extremity during running will be discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Running
• Gait
• İnjury
• Kinetics
• Kinematics

Koşuyu Etkileyen Biyomekaniksel Faktörler

Öz

Toplumda aerobik egzersizin sağlıklı yaşam ve yaşam kalitesine faydalarıyla ilgili bilincin artmasıyla birlikte tempolu yürüyüş ve koşu, toplumda giderek popüler hale gelen sporlar arasında yer almaya başlamıştır. Bu egzersizlere katılım arttıkça koşu ile ilgili hem akut hem kronik yaralanmaların insidansında doğal bir artış görülmektedir. Yaralanmaların hem önlenmesi hem de etkin bir şekilde tedavi edilebilmesi amacıyla yürüyüşün ve koşunun biyomekaniklerinin doğru bir şekilde anlaşılması önem taşır. Uygun koşu biyomekanikleri, kinetik halkanın tüm komponentlerinin senkronize hareketlerini içerir. Ayak; zemine uyum, denge ve propriosepsiyon ile birlikte itme fazı için gerekli itmeyi sağlar. Gövde ve pelvisteki uygun olmayan dizilim, vücut mekaniklerini etkiler, dolayısıyla yaralanmalara neden olur. Bu yüzden koşu boyunca tüm kinetik zincire etkiyen biyomekaniklerin anlaşılması ve dikkate alınması gereklidir. Bu yazıda kısaca yürüyüş ve koşu arasındaki biyomekaniksel farklılıklara ve koşma sırasında alt ekstremitede meydana gelen biyomekaniksel fazlara değinilecektir, sonrasında koşunun kinetik zincire etkisinden bahsedilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Koşu
• Yürüyüş
• Yaralanma
• Kinematik
• Kinetik

Kaynakça

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