The Effect of Mediterranean Diet on Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer

Öz

Breast cancer is one of the most common and fatal carcinomas worldwide and poses a serious threat to women's health. Lifestyle factors such as malnutrition, obesity, and lack of physical activity are known to be associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. The Mediterranean diet is considered one of the healthiest eating patterns worldwide, mainly due to its rich content of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory foods. It has been suggested that the combination of dietary components plays a common role in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby preventing the progression of various malignancies, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Considering its protective effects in reducing the oxidative and inflammatory processes of cells and preventing deoxyribo nucleic acid damage, cell proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, inflammation and metastases, the Mediterranean diet is thought to be an effective method in preventing breast cancer and in the treatment of breast cancer. This review is written to examine the potential effects of the Mediterranean diet on breast cancer prevention and breast cancer treatment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Breast cancer
• Mediterranean diet
• Bioactive compounds

Meme Kanserinden Korunmada ve Meme Kanseri Tedavisinde Akdeniz Diyetinin Etkisi

Öz

Meme kanseri, dünya çapında en yaygın ve ölümcül karsinomlardan biridir ve kadın sağlığı için ciddi bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Kötü beslenme, obezite, fiziksel aktivite eksikliği gibi yaşam tarzı faktörlerinin daha yüksek meme kanseri riski ile ilişkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Akdeniz diyeti, temel olarak antioksidanlar ve antiinflamatuvar besinler açısından zengin içeriğe sahip olması nedeniyle dünya çapında en sağlıklı beslenme modellerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Diyet bileşenlerinin kombinasyonunun; inflamasyonu ve oksidatif stresi azaltmada ortak bir rol oynadığı, dolayısıyla kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve kanser dahil olmak üzere çeşitli malignitelerin ilerlemesine engel olduğu öne sürülmüştür. Hücrelerin oksidatif ve inflamatuvar süreçlerini azaltmada ve deoksiribo nükleik asit hasarlarını, hücre proliferasyonunu ve hayatta kalmalarını, anjiyogenezleri, inflamasyonu ve metastazları önlemedeki koruyucu etkileri göz önüne alındığında, Akdeniz diyetinin meme kanserinden korunmada ve meme kanseri tedavisinde etkili bir yöntem olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu derleme, Akdeniz diyetinin meme kanserinden korunmadaki ve meme kanseri tedavisindeki potansiyel etkilerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yazılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Meme kanseri
• Akdeniz diyeti
• biyoaktif bileşikler

Kaynakça

1. 1. The Global Cancer Observatory (GCO). https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/20-Breast-fact-sheet.pdf. (Erişim tarihi: 01.10.2020)
2. 2. Yazıcı, O., Özdemir, N. (2018). Meme Kanserinde Epidemiyolojik Veriler, Risk Faktörleri, Risk Azaltıcı Yaklaşımlar. Türkiye Klinikleri Tıbbi Onkoloji-Özel Konular, 11(1),1-7.
3. 3. Totur Dikmen, B., Bayraktar, N. (2019). Meme kanserinde risk faktörleri, erken tanı ve tarama programları. Türkiye Klinikleri Cerrahi Hastalıkları Hemşireliği-Özel Konular, 5(1),1-7.
4. 4. Gershuni, V.M., Ahima, R.S., & Tchou, J. (2016). Obesity and breast cancer: a complex relationship. Curr Surg Rep, 4(4),14.
5. 5. Turati, F., Carioli, G., Bravi, F., Ferraroni, M., Serraino, D., Montella, M., et al. (2018). Mediterranean diet and breast cancer risk. Nutrients, 10(3), 326.
6. 6. Laudisio, D., Barrea, L., Muscogiuri, G., Annunziata, G., Colao, A., & Savastano, S. (2019). Breast cancer prevention in premenopausal women: Role of the Mediterranean diet and its components. Nutr Res Rev, 1, 1-14.
7. 7. Kwan, M. L., Weltzien, E., Kushi, L. H., Castillo, A., Slattery, M. L., & Caan, B. J. (2009). Dietary patterns and breast cancer recurrence and survival among women with early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol, 27(6), 919.
8. 8. Keys, A., Mienotti, A., Karvonen, M. J., Aravanis, C., Blackburn, H., Buzina, R., et al. (1986). The diet and 15-year death rate in the seven countries study. Am J Epidemiol, 124(6), 903-915.

9. 9. Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A., Bes-Rastrollo, M., Serra-Majem, L., Lairon, D., Estruch, R., & Trichopoulou, A. (2009). Mediterranean food pattern and the primary prevention of chronic disease: recent developments. Nutr Rev, 67(suppl_1), S111-S116.
10. 10. UNESCO. Mediterranean diet 2013. https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/mediterranean-diet-00884. (Erişim tarihi: 01.12.2020)
11. 11. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015. http://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/. (Erişim tarihi: 01.12.2020)
12. 12. Dernini, S., & Berry, E. M. (2015). Mediterranean diet: from a healthy diet to a sustainable dietary pattern. Front Nutr, 2, 15.
13. 13. Romagnolo, D. F., & Selmin, O. I. (Eds.). (2016). Mediterranean Diet: Dietary Guidelines and Impact on Health and Disease. Humana Press.
14. 14. Romagnolo, D. F., & Selmin, O. I. (2017). Mediterranean diet and prevention of chronic diseases. Nutr Today, 52(5), 208.
15. 15. Serra-Majem, L., Tomaino, L., Dernini, S., Berry, E. M., Lairon, D., Ngo de la Cruz, J., et al. (2020). Updating the mediterranean diet pyramid towards sustainability: Focus on environmental concerns. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(23), 8758.
16. 16. Bach-Faig, A., Berry, E. M., Lairon, D., Reguant, J., Trichopoulou, A., Dernini, S.,et al. (2011). Mediterranean diet pyramid today. Science and cultural updates. Public Health Nutr, 14(12A), 2274-2284.
17. 17. Ayyıldız, F., & Yıldıran, H. (2019). Farklı diyet modellerinin bağırsak mikrobiyotası üzerine etkisi. Bes Diy Derg, 47(2), 77-86.
18. 18. Hoevenaar-Blom, M. P., Nooyens, A. C., Kromhout, D., Spijkerman, A. M., Beulens, J. W., Van Der Schouw, Y. T., et al. (2012). Mediterranean style diet and 12-year incidence of cardiovascular diseases: the EPIC-NL cohort study. PLoS One, 7(9), e45458.
19. 19. Tektonidis, T. G., Åkesson, A., Gigante, B., Wolk, A., & Larsson, S. C. (2015). A Mediterranean diet and risk of myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke: a population- based cohort study. Atherosclerosis, 243(1), 93-98.
20. 20. van den Brandt, P. A., & Schulpen, M. (2017). Mediterranean diet adherence and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: results of a cohort study and meta‐analysis. Int J Cancer, 140(10), 2220-2231.
21. 21. Trichopoulou, A., Bamia, C., Lagiou, P., & Trichopoulos, D. (2010). Conformity to traditional Mediterranean diet and breast cancer risk in the Greek EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) cohort. Am J Clin Nutr, 92(3), 620-625.
22. 22. Trichopoulou, A., Lagiou, P., Kuper, H., & Trichopoulos, D. (2000). Cancer and Mediterranean dietary traditions. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers, 9(9), 869- 873.
23. 23. Wu, A. H., Yu, M. C., Tseng, C. C., Stanczyk, F. Z., & Pike, M. C. (2009). Dietary patterns and breast cancer risk in Asian American women. Am J Clin Nutr, 89(4), 1145- 1154.
24. 24. Castello, A., Pollán, M., Buijsse, B., Ruiz, A., Casas, A. M., Baena-Cañada, J. M., et al. (2014). Spanish Mediterranean diet and other dietary patterns and breast cancer risk: case–control EpiGEICAM study. Br J Cancer, 111(7), 1454-1462.
25. 25. Carruba, G., Cocciadiferro, L., Di Cristina, A., Granata, O. M., Dolcemascolo, C., Campisi, I., et al. (2016). Nutrition, aging and cancer: lessons from dietary intervention studies. Immunity & Ageing, 13(1), 1-9.
26. 26. Buckland, G., Travier, N., Cottet, V., Gonzalez, C. A., Luján‐Barroso, L., Agudo, A., et al. (2013). Adherence to the mediterranean diet and risk of breast cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort study. Int J Cancer, 132(12), 2918-2927.
27. 27. Gardeazabal, I., Romanos-Nanclares, A., Martínez-González, M. Á., Castello, A., Sánchez-Bayona, R., Perez-Gomez, B., et al. (2020). Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with lower incidence of premenopausal breast cancer in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project. Public Health Nutr, 24,1-12.
28. 28. Turati, F., Rossi, M., Pelucchi, C., Levi, F., & La Vecchia, C. (2015). Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk: a review of southern European studies. Br J Nutr, 113(S2), S102- S110.
29. 29. Moran, N. E., Mohn, E. S., Hason, N., Erdman Jr, J. W., & Johnson, E. J. (2018). Intrinsic and extrinsic factors impacting absorption, metabolism, and health effects of dietary carotenoids. Adv Nutr, 9(4), 465-492.
30. 30. Gloria, N. F., Soares, N., Brand, C., Oliveira, F. L., Borojevic, R., & Teodoro, A. J. (2014). Lycopene and beta-carotene induce cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines. Anticancer Res, 34(3), 1377-1386.
31. 31. Aune, D., Chan, D. S. M., Greenwood, D. C., Vieira, A. R., Rosenblatt, D. N., Vieira, R., & Norat, T. (2012). Dietary fiber and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Ann Oncol, 23(6), 1394-1402.
32. 32. Monroe, K. R., Murphy, S. P., Henderson, B. E., Kolonel, L. N., Stanczyk, F. Z., Adlercreutz, H., & Pike, M. C. (2007). Dietary fiber intake and endogenous serum hormone levels in naturally postmenopausal Mexican American women: the Multiethnic Cohort Study. HNUC, 58(2), 127-135.
33. 33. Du, H., van der A, D. L., Boshuizen, H. C., Forouhi, N. G., Wareham, N. J., Halkjær, J., et al. (2010). Dietary fiber and subsequent changes in body weight and waist circumference in European men and women. Am J Clin Nutr, 91(2), 329-336.
34. 34. Chan, D. S. M., Vieira, A. R., Aune, D., Bandera, E. V., Greenwood, D. C., McTiernan, A., et al. (2014). Body mass index and survival in women with breast cancer— systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 82 follow-up studies. Ann Oncol, 25(10), 1901-1914.
35. 35. Zhu, W., Qin, W., Zhang, K., Rottinghaus, G. E., Chen, Y. C., Kliethermes, B., & Sauter, E. R. (2012). Trans-resveratrol alters mammary promoter hypermethylation in women at increased risk for breast cancer. Nutr Cancer, 64(3), 393-400.
36. 36. Chachay, V. S., Kirkpatrick, C. M., Hickman, I. J., Ferguson, M., Prins, J. B., & Martin, J. H. (2011). Resveratrol–pills to replace a healthy diet?. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 72(1), 27-38.
37. 37. Mocanu, M. M., Nagy, P., & Szöllősi, J. (2015). Chemoprevention of breast cancer by dietary polyphenols. Molecules, 20(12), 22578-22620.
38. 38. Rossi, E. L., Khatib, S. A., Doerstling, S. S., Bowers, L. W., Pruski, M., Ford, N. A., et al. (2018). Resveratrol inhibits obesity‐associated adipose tissue dysfunction and tumor growth in a mouse model of postmenopausal claudin‐low breast cancer. Mol Carcinog, 57(3), 393-407.
39. 39. Kim, H. J., Jung, S., Eliassen, A. H., Chen, W. Y., Willett, W. C., & Cho, E. (2017). Alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk in younger women according to family history of breast cancer and folate intake. Am J Epidemiol, 186(5), 524-531.
40. 40. Choi, Y. J., Myung, S. K., & Lee, J. H. (2018). Light alcohol drinking and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Cancer Res Treat, 50(2), 474.
41. 41. Chen, W. Y., Rosner, B., Hankinson, S. E., Colditz, G. A., & Willett, W. C. (2011). Moderate alcohol consumption during adult life, drinking patterns, and breast cancer risk. Jama, 306(17), 1884-1890.
42. 42. Scoccianti, C., Lauby-Secretan, B., Bello, P. Y., Chajes, V., & Romieu, I. (2014). Female breast cancer and alcohol consumption: a review of the literature. Am J Prev Med, 46(3), S16-S25.
43. 43. Seitz, H. K., Pelucchi, C., Bagnardi, V., & Vecchia, C. L. (2012). Epidemiology and pathophysiology of alcohol and breast cancer: Update 2012. Alcohol Alcohol, 47(3), 204- 212.
44. 44. Gong, Z., Yao, S., Zirpoli, G., David Cheng, T. Y., Roberts, M., Khoury, T., et al. (2015). Genetic variants in one‐carbon metabolism genes and breast cancer risk in European American and African American women. Int J Cancer, 137(3), 666-677.
45. 45. Toledo, E., Salas-Salvadó, J., Donat-Vargas, C., Buil-Cosiales, P., Estruch, R., Ros, E., et al. (2015). Mediterranean diet and invasive breast cancer risk among women at high cardiovascular risk in the PREDIMED trial: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal medicine, 175(11), 1752-1760.
46. 46. Martín‐Peláez, S., Covas, M. I., Fitó, M., Kušar, A., & Pravst, I. (2013). Health effects of olive oil polyphenols: recent advances and possibilities for the use of health claims. Mol Nutr Food Res, 57(5), 760-771.
47. 47. Khurana, S., Venkataraman, K., Hollingsworth, A., Piche, M., & Tai, T. C. (2013). Polyphenols: benefits to the cardiovascular system in health and in aging. Nutrients, 5(10), 3779-3827.
48. 48. Scoditti, E., Calabriso, N., Massaro, M., Pellegrino, M., Storelli, C., Martines, G., et al. (2012). Mediterranean diet polyphenols reduce inflammatory angiogenesis through MMP-9 and COX-2 inhibition in human vascular endothelial cells: a potentially protective mechanism in atherosclerotic vascular disease and cancer. Arch Biochem Biophys, 527(2), 81-89.
49. 49. Nindrea, R. D., Aryandono, T., Lazuardi, L., & Dwiprahasto, I. (2019). Protective effect of omega-3 fatty acids in fish consumption against breast cancer in Asian patients: a meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 20(2), 327.
50. 50. Larsson, S. C., Kumlin, M., Ingelman-Sundberg, M., & Wolk, A. (2004). Dietary long-chain n− 3 fatty acids for the prevention of cancer: a review of potential mechanisms. The Am J Clin Nutr, 79(6), 935-945.
51. 51. Zheng, J. S., Hu, X. J., Zhao, Y. M., Yang, J., & Li, D. (2013). Intake of fish and marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of breast cancer: meta-analysis of data from 21 independent prospective cohort studies. Bmj, 346, f3706.
52. 52. Xu, D. P., Li, Y., Meng, X., Zhou, T., Zhou, Y., Zheng, J., et al. (2017). Natural antioxidants in foods and medicinal plants: Extraction, assessment and resources. Int J Mol Sci, 18(1), 96.
53. 53. González, C. A., & Salas-Salvadó, J. (2006). The potential of nuts in the prevention of cancer. Br J Nutr, 96(S2), S87-S94.
54. 54. Aune, D. (2019). Plant Foods, antioxidant biomarkers, and the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality: A review of the evidence. Adv Nutr, 10(Supplement_4), S404-S421.
55. 55. Bošković, M., & Baltić, M. Ž. (2016). Association between red meat consumption and cancer risk. Meat Technology, 57(2), 81-88.
56. 56. Lo, J. J., Park, Y. M. M., Sinha, R., & Sandler, D. P. (2020). Association between meat consumption and risk of breast cancer: Findings from the Sister Study. Int J Cancer, 146(8), 2156-2165.
57. 57. Mourouti, N., Kontogianni, M. D., Papavagelis, C., & Panagiotakos, D. B. (2015). Diet and breast cancer: a systematic review. Int J Food Sci Nutr, 66(1), 1-42.
58. 58. Romaguera, D., Norat, T., Vergnaud, A. C., Mouw, T., May, A. M., Agudo, A., et al. (2010). Mediterranean dietary patterns and prospective weight change in participants of the EPIC-PANACEA project. Am J Clin Nutr, 92(4), 912-921.
59. 59. Mitjavila, M. T., Fandos, M., Salas-Salvadó, J., Covas, M. I., Borrego, S., Estruch, R., et al. (2013). The Mediterranean diet improves the systemic lipid and DNA oxidative damage in metabolic syndrome individuals. A randomized, controlled, trial. Clin Nutr, 32(2), 172-178.
60. 60. Verberne, L., Bach-Faig, A., Buckland, G., & Serra-Majem, L. (2010). Association between the Mediterranean diet and cancer risk: a review of observational studies. Nutr Cancer, 62(7), 860-870.
61. 61. Thomson, C. A., Stendell-Hollis, N. R., Rock, C. L., Cussler, E. C., Flatt, S. W., & Pierce, J. P. (2007). Plasma and dietary carotenoids are associated with reduced oxidative stress in women previously treated for breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 16(10), 2008-2015.
62. 62. Martínez-Poveda, B., Torres-Vargas, J. A., Ocaña, M. D. C., García-Caballero, M., Medina, M. Á., & Quesada, A. R. (2019). The Mediterranean diet, a rich source of angiopreventive compounds in cancer. Nutrients, 11(9), 2036.
63. 63. Kim, N. H., Song, S., Jung, S. Y., Lee, E., Kim, Z., Moon, H. G., et al. (2018). Dietary pattern and health-related quality of life among breast cancer survivors. BMC women's health, 18(1), 1-10.
64. 64. Grosso, G., Buscemi, S., Galvano, F., Mistretta, A., Marventano, S., La Vela, V., et al. (2013). Mediterranean diet and cancer: epidemiological evidence and mechanism of selected aspects. BMC surgery, 13(2), 1-9.
65. 65. Li, Y., Li, S., Meng, X., Gan, R. Y., Zhang, J. J., & Li, H. B. (2017). Dietary natural products for prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Nutrients, 9(7), 728.
66. 66. Xie, M., Liu, J., Tsao, R., Wang, Z., Sun, B., & Wang, J. (2019). Whole grain consumption for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Nutrients, 11(8), 1769.
67. 67. Kubatka, P., Kello, M., Kajo, K., Kruzliak, P., Výbohová, D., Šmejkal, K., et al. (2016). Young barley indicates antitumor effects in experimental breast cancer in vivo and in vitro. Nutr Cancer, 68(4), 611-621.
68. 68. Donovan, M. G., Selmin, O. I., Stillwater, B. J., Neumayer, L. A., & Romagnolo, D. F. (2020). Do olive and fish oils of the mediterranean diet have a role in triple negative breast cancer prevention and therapy? An exploration of evidence in cells and animal models. Front Nutr, 7, 197.
69. 69. Liu, J., & Ma, D. W. (2014). The role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Nutrients, 6(11), 5184-5223.
70. 70. Patterson, R. E., Flatt, S. W., Newman, V. A., Natarajan, L., Rock, C. L., Thomson, C. A., et al. (2011). Marine fatty acid intake is associated with breast cancer prognosis. J Nutr, 141(2), 201-206.
71. 71. Fabian, C. J., Kimler, B. F., & Hursting, S. D. (2015). Omega-3 fatty acids for breast cancer prevention and survivorship. Breast Cancer Res, 17(1), 1-11.
72. 72. Hardman, W. E., Primerano, D. A., Legenza, M. T., Morgan, J., Fan, J., & Denvir, J. (2019). Dietary walnut altered gene expressions related to tumor growth, survival, and metastasis in breast cancer patients: A pilot clinical trial. Nutr Res, 66, 82-94.
73. 73. Mikó, E., Kovács, T., Sebő, É., Tóth, J., Csonka, T., Ujlaki, G., et al. (2019). Microbiome—microbial metabolome—cancer cell interactions in breast cancer—familiar, but unexplored. Cells, 8(4), 293.