In vitro Investigation of the Effects of Some Fertilizers and Fungicides on the Growth of Trichoderma Species

Öz

In line with sustainable agriculture goals, it is aimed to use chemical methods together with Trichoderma species, which has plant growth promoting microorganism properties. However, to achieve this goal, it is necessary to determine the compatibility of the fertilizers and fungicides used with Trichoderma species. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of inorganic fertilizers like 15-30-15 + TE, 18-18-18 + TE, 16-8-24 + 2MgO + TE, 16-18-19 + TE, and the fungicides like 25 g Fludioxonil + 10 g Metalaxyl-M, 360 g/l Hymexazol, 53,8% Copper hydroxide + Tetrasodium pyrophosphate and 250 g/l Azoxystrobin which are frequently used in traditional agriculture, against the in vitro growth of Trichoderma atroviride (n:5), T. citrinoviride (n:6) and T. harzianum (n:2) which have plant growth promoting microorganism properties. For this purpose, the effects of the recommended maximum doses of fertilizers and fungicides with 100 L water on the colony growth and conidiaspore formation of Trichoderma strains were investigated. In the study, it was determined that the inorganic fertilizers used did not have an inhibition effect on the colony growth of Trichoderma species, but reduced the formation of conidiaspores. As a result, it has been shown that all Trichoderma species are compatible for use with NPK type fertilizers. Fungicides on Trichoderma species from highest to lowest growth inhibition are respectively 53,8% Copper hydroxide + Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, 25 g Fludioxonil + 10 g Metalaxyl-M, 360 g/l Hymexazol and 250 g/l Azoxystrobin. T.citrinoviride strains were determined as the most compatible strains for use with fungicides. In addition, it has been determined that Trichoderma species have different degrees of exposure to fungicides, and even strains belonging to the same species can show different growth inhibition.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Trichoderma atroviride
• T. citrinoviride
• T. harzianum
• fertilizer
• fungicide
• compatibility
• integrated disease management
• PGPM

Bazı Gübre ve Fungisitlerin Trichoderma Türlerinin Büyümesine Etkisinin in vitro Koşullarda İncelenmesi

Öz

Sürdürülebilir tarım hedefleri doğrultusunda bitki büyümesini destekleyici mikroorganizma özelliğine sahip Trichoderma türleri ile kimyasal yöntemlerin birlikte kullanılması amaçlanmaktadır. Ancak bu hedefe ulaşılabilmesi için kullanılan gübre ve fungisitler ile Trichoderma türlerinin birbirine uyumluluklarının belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, geleneksel tarımda sıklıkla kullanılmakta olan 15-30-15 + TE, 18-18-18 + TE, 16-8-24 + 2MgO + TE ve 16-18-19 + TE gibi inorganik gübrelerin ve 25 g Fludioxonil + 10 g Metalaxyl-M, 360 g/l Hymexazol, %53,8 Bakır hidroksit + Tetrasodium pyrophosphate ve 250 g/l Azoxystrobin gibi fungisitlerin bitki büyümesini teşvik eden mikroorganizma özelliklerine sahip Trichoderma atroviride (n:5), Trichoderma citrinoviride (n:6) ve Trichoderma harzianum (n:2) suşlarının büyümesine etkilerinin in vitro koşullarda incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, gübre ve fungisitlerin 100 L su ile birlikte kullanımı önerilen maksimum dozlarının Trichoderma suşlarının koloni büyümesi ve konidiospor oluşumları üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, kullanılan inorganik gübrelerin Trichoderma türlerinin koloni büyümesi üzerinde inhibisyon etkisi olmadığı ancak konidiospor oluşumlarını azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, tüm Trichoderma türlerinin NPK türü gübreler ile birlikte kullanımlarının uygun olduğu gösterilmiştir. Fungisitlerin Trichoderma türlerine karşı en yüksek büyüme inhibisyonu oluşturandan en düşük büyüme inhibisyonu oluşturana doğru sıralaması %53,8 Bakır hidroksit + Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, 25 g Fludioxonil + 10 g Metalaxyl-M, 360 g/l Hymexazol ve 250 g/l Azoxystrobin şeklindedir. T. citrinoviride suşları fungisitler ile birlikte kullanıma en uyumlu suşlar olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, Trichoderma türlerinin fungisitlerden etkilenme derecelerinin farklı olduğu hatta aynı türe ait suşların bile farklı büyüme inhibisyonu gösterebildiği saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Trichoderma atroviride
• T. citrinoviride
• T. harzianum
• gübre
• fungisit
• uyumluluk
• entegre hastalık mücadelesi
• PGPM

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