A Preliminary Study to Determine the Resistance Levels of Some Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotypes to Alternaria Leaf Spot (Alternaria carthami Chowdhury) under Natural Conditions

Yıl 2024, , 38 - 45, 30.06.2024

Hasan Koç , Atalay Kılınç , Birol Ercan

https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1428236

Öz

In this study, 14 genotypes and 5 registered varieties (Koç42, Dinçer, Balcı, Linas, Göktürk) developed by crosses in safflower breeding studies were tested for resistance to Alternaria leaf spot disease under natural field conditions in 2022 and 2023. The experiments were conducted in the experimental field of Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute according to the randomized blocks design with four replications. Disease observations were made after flowering. According to the results of the research, Koç42, Linas, Dinçer, Göktürk safflower cultivars showed medium sensitive reaction against Alternaria leaf spot disease in the first year and sensitive reaction in the second year. In the first year 4 of the advanced lines and in the second year 10 of them were scored as susceptible. According to the results of the variance analyses, the disease severity scores in which leaf spot resistance was observed showed significant differences between years. It is suggested that these differences between years are due to differences in climatic values, particularly relative humidity and rainfall. In fact, disease severity increased in the second year as rainfall and relative humidity increased. In particular, four genotypes (BD17, BD10, BD21, BD23) were rated as moderately susceptible in both years and were considered promising for resistance to leaf spot.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alternaria, safflower, resistance, breeding

Bazı Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotiplerinin Alternaria Yaprak Lekesi (Alternaria carthami Chowdhury) Hastalığına Karşı Dayanıklılık Düzeylerinin Doğal Koşullar Altında Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Ön Çalışma

Öz

Bu çalışmada, aspir ıslah çalışmaları kapsamında, melezleme ile geliştirilen 14 genotip ve 5 tescilli çeşidin (Koç42, Dinçer, Balcı, Linas, Göktürk) 2022 ve 2023 yıllarında doğal tarla şartları altında Alternaria yaprak lekesi hastalığına karşı dayanıklılık bakımından durumları incelenmiştir. Denemeler, Bahri Dağdaş Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü deneme arazisinde tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Hastalık gözlemleri çiçeklenme sonrası yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, doğal koşullarda gerçekleşen Alternaria yaprak lekesi hastalığına karşı Koç42, Linas, Dinçer, Göktürk tescilli aspir çeşitleri birinci yıl orta hassas tepki gösterirken, ikinci yıl hassas olarak reaksiyon vermişlerdir. İleri kademe hatlar birinci yıl 4 adedi, ikinci yıl ise 10 adedi hassas olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yaprak lekesine dayanıklılık durumunu gözlemlendiği hastalık şiddeti değerleri, varyans analiz sonuçlarına göre yıllar arasında önemli farklılık göstermiştir. Yıllar arasındaki bu farklılıkların iklim değerlerindeki farklılıklardan, özellikle nispi nem ve yağıştan kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Nitekim, yağış ve nispi nemin arttığı ikinci yıl hastalık şiddeti de artmıştır. Özellikle dört genotip (BD17, BD10, BD21, BD23) her iki yılda da orta hassas olarak değerlendirilerek yaprak lekesi hastalığına dayanıklılık bakımından ümitvar bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alternaria, aspir, dayanıklılık, ıslah

Kaynakça

• Bayar, Y., M.Yılar, K. Akan. 2022. Kırşehir ili şeker pancarı üretim alanlarında cercospora yaprak lekesi (Cercospora beticola) hastalığının bulunma oranı ve yaygınlığının ile şiddetinin belirlenmesi. Bahri Dağdaş Bitkisel Araştırma Dergisi 11(2): 137-144.
• Baytekin, Ö., M. Babaoğlu. 2021. Tarla koşullarında yetiştirilen oleik tip Aspir genotiplerinin Alternaria yaprak lekesi hastalığına karşı dayanıklılıklarının belirlenmesi. Muş Alparslan University Journal of Agriculture and Nature 1(1):1-9.
• Bergman, J. W. and B. J. Jacobsen. 2005. Control of Alternaria blight (Alternaria carthami Choud.) of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in the United States Northern Great Plains region. pp. 3-221. In Proceedings of the VIth International Safflower Conference, İstanbul-Turkey, 6-10 June, 2005. Safflower: a unique crop for oil spices and health consequently, a better life for you.
• Borkar, S.G. and R. Shinde. 1989. Detection of externally seed-borne Alternaria carthami on safflower seeds. Agric. Sci. Digest Karnal 9(3): 120-122.
• Erbaş S., M.Tonguç, A. Şanli A. 2016.Variations in the agronomic and quality characteristics of domestic and foreign safflower (C. tinctorius L.) genotypes. Turkish Journal of Field Crops. 21: 110-119. https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.56 268
• Gud, M. A., D. R. Murumkar, S. K. Shinde and J. R. Kadam. 2008. Correlation of weather parameters with development of leaf spot of safflower caused by Alternaria carthami. In Safflower: Unexploited potential and world adaptability. Proceedings of 7th International Safflower Conference, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia. pp. 978.
• Herdrich, N. 2001. Safflower Production Tips: Washington State University Cooperative Extension. Available at: https://content.libraries.wsu.edu/index.php/utils/getfile/collection/cahnrsarch/id/471/filename/8818182432004_eb1890.pdf
• Indi, D.V., G.M. Lukade, P.S. Patil and D.A. Shambharkar. 1988. Estimation of yield losses due to Alternaria leaf spot in safflower (Alternaria carthami Chowdhury) under dry land conditions. Pesticides 22(1): 41-43.
• Koç H. 2021. Selection criteria for yield in safflower (Charthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes under rainfed conditions. Grasas y Aceites 72 (3): e421. https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0449201 Available from: https://grasasyaceites.revistas.csic.es /index.php/grasasyaceites/article/view/1893
• Kumar, A. M., S. Sundaresha and R. Sreevathsa. 2009. Resistance to Alternaria leaf spot disease in transgenic safflower (Carthamus tictorius L.) harboring a rice chitinase gene. Transgenic Plant J. 3: 113-118.
• Mohmmad, Y.,G. D Mate, S. R Patil and S. P. Milmile. 2016. Effect of different fungicides on alternaria leaf blight and yield of safflower. Journal of Soils and Crops 26(2): 213-215.
• Mortensen, K. 1983. Cultural variation of Alternaria carthami isolates and their virulence on safflower. Pl. Dis. 67 (11) : 1191-1194.
• Mortensen, K., J.W. Bergman, E.E. Burns.1983. Importance of Alternaria carthami and A. alternaria in causing leaf spot diseases in safflower. Plant Disease 67: 1187–1190.
• Mundel, H. H., H. C. Huang, G. C Kozub and C. R. G. Daniels. 1997. Effect of soil moisture, soil temperature and seed-borne Alternaria carthami, on emergence of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 38: 257-262.
• Murumkar, D. R., D. V. Indi,, M. A., Gud, and Shinde, S. K. 2008. Field evaluation of some newer fungicides against leaf spot of safflower caused by Alternaria carthami. pp. 23-27. In Proc. of 7th International Safflower Conference, Wagga Wagga, Australia.
• Pawar, S. V., S. B. Ghuge,V. Gholve and D. S. Sutar. 2017. Screening of safflower germplasm/advanced material/parental lines against major disease Alternaria leaf spot. Agriculture Update, 12(TECHSEAR-5): 1208-1212.
• Prasad R.D. and K. Anjani. 2005. Sources of resistance to Alternaria leaf spot among Carthamus wild species. 7th International Safflower Conference. Australia.
• Townsend G. K. and J. W. Heuberger. 1943. Methods for Estimating Losses Caused by Diseases in Fungicide Experiments. Plant Disease Report 27:340-343.
• Vijaya Kumar, J., B. D. Ranjitha Kumari, G. Sujatha, and E. Castano. 2008. Production of plants resistant to Alternaria carthami via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of safflower cv. NARI-6 treated with fungal culture filtrates. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 93: 85-96.