Assessment of the Susceptibility Levels of Some Wheat Varieties to Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation

Öz

Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a significant fungal disease commonly observed in wheat and other small-grain cereals, leading to substantial losses in yield and quality, as well as serious risks to human and animal health due to mycotoxin accumulation. This study, conducted in Edirne during the 2021-2022 growing season, evaluated the susceptibility levels of 12 bread wheat varieties to FHB, and determined the resulting yield losses and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation. The suspension of Fusarium culmorum S-14 (5×10⁵ spores ml⁻¹) was artificially inoculated onto the spikes by spraying at the 50% flowering stage (ZGS65). At the end of the study, significant differences (p<0.01) were found among the varieties regarding their disease severity and Fusarium-infected kernels means. Falado was the most resistant variety to FHB, with 24.0% and 63.2% severity at 14 and 21 days after inoculation, respectively, and 22.2% Fusarium-infected kernels. In contrast, Rumeli was the most susceptible variety, with 38.6% and 96.6% severity at 14 and 21 days after inoculation, respectively, and 85.1% Fusarium-infected kernels. It was found that FHB significantly (p<0.01) reduced spike weight by 41.5–64.4% and thousand kernel weight by 20.9–66.4%, depending on varietal susceptibility. DON accumulation in Fusarium-infected grains was observed to be the lowest in Falado at 2.9 mg kg⁻¹ and the highest in Rumeli at 24.7 mg kg⁻¹. In pairwise comparisons, a strong positive correlation was observed between disease severity and Fusarium-infected kernels (r= 0.96), while strong negative correlations were found between disease severity and thousand kernel weight (r= -0.95) and spike weight (r= -0.93). The results obtained indicate that under favorable epidemic conditions, FHB may constitute a considerable risk to wheat production and food safety.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fusarium head blight
• Fusarium culmorum
• deoxynivalenol
• wheat

Bazı Buğday Çeşitlerinin Fusarium Başak Yanıklığına Karşı Duyarlılık Düzeylerinin ve Deoksinivalenol Birikiminin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Fusarium Başak Yanıklığı (FBY), buğday ve diğer küçük taneli tahıllarda yaygın olarak gözlenen, verim ve kalite kayıplarının yanı sıra mikotoksin birikimiyle insan ve hayvan sağlığı açısından ciddi riskler oluşturan, önemli bir fungal hastalıktır. 2021-2022 üretim sezonunda Edirne’de yürütülen bu çalışmayla 12 ekmeklik buğday çeşidinin FBY’ye karşı duyarlılık düzeyleri belirlenerek, verim kayıpları ve deoksinivalenol (DON) birikimleri tespit edilmiştir. Fusarium culmorum S-14 süspansiyonu (5×105 spor ml-1), %50 çiçeklenme döneminde (ZGS65) spreyle başaklara suni inokule edilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda çeşitlerin hastalık şiddeti ve enfekteli tane oranı ortalamaları arasında gözlenen farklılıklar anlamlı (p<0,01) bulunmuştur. FBY’ye karşı en dayanıklı çeşit inokulasyondan sonra 14.gün %24,0, 21.gün %63,2 hastalık şiddeti ve %22,2 enfekteli tane oranıyla Falado, en hassas çeşit inokulasyondan sonra 14.gün %38,6, 21.gün %96,6 hastalık şiddeti ve %85,1 enfekteli tane oranıyla Rumeli tespit edilmiştir. Çeşit duyarlılıklarına bağlı olarak FBY’nin başak ağırlığını %41,5-64,4, bin tane ağırlığını %20,9-66,4 oranında önemli seviyede (p<0,01) azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Fusarium enfekteli tanelerde DON birikimi, en düşük Falado çeşidinde 2,9 mg kg-1, en yüksek Rumeli çeşidinde 24,7 mg kg-1 tespit edilmiştir. İkili karşılaştırmalarda, hastalık şiddeti ile enfekteli tane oranı arasında pozitif yönde (r= 0,96), bin tane ağırlığı (r= -0,95) ve başak ağırlığı (r= -0,93) arasında ise negatif yönde güçlü korelasyon belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, uygun epidemik koşullarda FBY’nin buğday üretiminde ve gıda güvenliğinde önemli bir risk oluşturabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fusarium başak yanıklığı
• Fusarium culmorum
• deoksinivalenol
• buğday

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