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Determination of Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa L.) Seedlings to Alternative Organic and Industrial Growing Media

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 198 - 210, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1802160
https://izlik.org/JA97KJ82FD

Öz

This study investigated the morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of three aronia cultivars (‘Nero’, ‘Viking’, and ‘Galicjanka’) grown under controlled greenhouse conditions using four growing media: peat + perlite (control), olive pomace compost, biochar, and spent mushroom compost. A randomized complete block design with three replications was employed. Morphological traits such as shoot length, leaf number, and rooting percentage were significantly affected by the substrate. ‘Galicjanka’ exhibited the greatest shoot length (16.53 cm) and rooting percentage (95.68%) in mushroom compost, while biochar notably enhanced fresh biomass in ‘Nero’ (3.44 g). Physiological parameters including chlorophyll content (SPAD) and relative water content (RWC) were highest in plants grown in mushroom compost, particularly in ‘Galicjanka’ (SPAD: 49.9; RWC: 88.1%). Biochemical analyses revealed elevated levels of proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the control group, indicating greater oxidative stress. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT) were significantly enhanced by biochar, especially in ‘Nero’ (SOD: 139.4 U mg⁻¹ protein; CAT: 10.97 U mg⁻¹ protein). Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity peaked in olive pomace compost, with ‘Galicjanka’ recording the highest values (TPC: 39.57 mg GAE g⁻¹ FW; DPPH: 75.18%). Multivariate analyses (PCA and heatmap) confirmed distinct cultivar x substrate interactions. Mushroom and olive composts proved to be effective sustainable alternatives to peat-based media, improving both plant growth and biochemical quality.

Kaynakça

  • Akbulut, Ş. 2019. Farklı köklendirme ortamlarının 41B amerikan asma anacının tuzluluğa olan dayanımı üzerine etkisi. Yüksek Lisans tezi. Ordu Ü. Zir. Fak. Fen Bil. Ens. Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı Ordu.
  • Almokar, H. M. M., and L. Pırlak. 2018. Propagation of aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) with tissue culture. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 32(3): 549-558.
  • Azizi Yeganeh, M., A. A. Shahabi, A. Ebadi., and V. Abdossi. 2024. Vermicompost as an alternative substrate to peat moss for strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) in soilles culture. BMC Plant Biology 24(1): 149.
  • Bates, L. S., R. P. A. Waldren., and I.D. Teare. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil 39: 205-207.
  • Beauchamp, C., and I. Fridovich. 1971. Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry 44(1): 276-287.
  • Choi, H. S. 2020. Eco-physiological responses of black chokeberries as affected by applications of oil cake. Sustainability 12(18): 7601.
  • Çalışkan, S., H. Yetişir, M.E. Çalışkan., and M. Arslan. 2007. Farklı organik üretim sistemlerinin domates bitkisinin büyüme ve verimi üzerine etkileri. Türkiye 5: 4-7.
  • Daddi, T., F. Iraldo, M. Frey, P. Gallo., and V. Gianfrate. 2016. Regional policies and eco-industrial development: the voluntary environmental certification scheme of the eco-industrial parks in Tuscany (Italy). Journal of Cleaner Production 114: 62-70.
  • Ding, Y., Y. Liu, S. Liu, Z. Li, X. Tan, X. Huang., and B. Zheng. 2016. Biochar to improve soil fertility. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 36: 1-18.
  • Dobros, N., A. Zielińska, P. Siudem, K. D. Zawada., and K. Paradowska. 2024. Profile of bioactive components and antioxidant activity of Aronia melanocarpa fruits at various stages of their growth, using chemometric methods. Antioxidants 13(4): 462.
  • Ekinci, H., N. Şaşkın, B. Dikmetaş., and B. E. Ak. 2024. Determination of the effects of drought stress on Aronia melanocarpa cv. Nero in vitro conditions. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 8(4): 760-767. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.4.4
  • Farooq, M., A. Wahid, N. S. M. A. Kobayashi, D. B. S. M. A. Fujita., and S.M. Basra. 2009. Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. In Sustainable Agriculture 153-188.
  • Heath, R. L., and L. Packer. 1968. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 125(1): 189-198.
  • Kaya, Ç. 2025. Süper meyve aronya (Aronia melanocarpa L.)’nın biyokimyasal bileşimi, sağlık yararları ve gıda sanayinde kullanım potansiyeli. Nevşehir Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi 14(1): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.1626095
  • Kaya, Ç., and Ş. Özatay. 2024. Development of an effective sterilization protocol for plant tissue culture studies in superfruit aronia [Aronia melanocarpa (Michaux) Elliot]. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture 7(6): 679-685. https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1548432
  • Kaya, Ç., and T. Sarıyer. 2024. Comparative biplot analysis of micropropagation of viking aronia cultivar in different plant tissue culture media. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 34(1): 90-96. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1494423
  • Libutti, A., V. Trotta., and A. R. Rivelli. 2020. Biochar, vermicompost, and compost as soil organic amendments: Influence on Growth Parameters, Nitrate and Chlorophyll Content of Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cycla). Agronomy 10(3): 346.
  • Nicola, C., A. Florea, E. Chițu., and M. Butac. 2020. Evaluation of the biochemical quality of Aronia melanocarpa fruits in the conditions of southern Romania, under the influence of fertilization. Scientific Papers. Series B. Horticulture 64(1).
  • Ortiz-Delvasto, N., and M. Carvajal. 2025. Elevated carbon dioxide and substrate composition affect growth, nutrient uptake, and water use efficiency in blueberry cultivation under greenhouse. Journal of Plant Nutrition 1-18.
  • Pantelidis, G. E., M. Vasilakakis, G.A. Manganaris., and G. R. Diamantidis. 2007. Antioxidant capacity, phenol, anthocyanin and ascorbic acid contents in raspberries, blackberries, red currants, gooseberries and Cornelian cherries. Food Chemistry 102(3): 777-783.
  • R Core Team 2023 R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R foundation for statistical computing, Vienna. https://www.R-project.org/
  • Rao, M. J., M. Duan, C. Zhou, J. Jiao, P. Cheng, L. Yang., and B. Zheng. 2025. Antioxidant defense system in plants: Reactive oxygen species production, signaling, and scavenging during abiotic stress-induced oxidative damage. Horticulturae 11(5): 477.
  • Scalzo, J., A. Politi, N. Pellegrini, B. Mezzetti., and M. Battino. 2005. Plant genotype affects total antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents in fruit. Nutrition 21(2): 207-213.
  • Shahid, M. A., A. N. Sarkhosh, R. M. Khan, S. Balal, L. Ali, F. Rossi., and Garcia-Sanchez. 2020. Insights into the physiological and biochemical impacts of salt stress on plant growth and development. Agronomy 10(7): 938.
  • Sousaraei, N., B. Torabi, K. Mashaiekhi, E. Soltani., and S.J. Mousavizadeh. 2021. Variation of seed germination response to temperature in tomato landraces: An adaptation strategy to environmental conditions. Scientia Horticulturae 281: 109987.
  • Trenka, M., A. Nawirska-Olszańska., and M. Oziembłowski. 2020. Analysis of selected properties of fruits of black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L.) from organic and conventional cultivation. Applied Sciences 10(24): 9096.
  • Yu, H. Y., W. X. Ding, J. F. Luo, A. Donnison., and J. B. Zhang. 2012. Long‐term effect of compost and inorganic fertilizer on activities of carbon‐cycle enzymes in aggregates of an intensively cultivated sandy loam. Soil Use and Management 28(3): 347-360.

Aronya (Aronia melanocarpa L.) Fidelerinin Alternatif Organik ve Endüstriyel Yetiştirme Ortamları Üzerine Morfo-Fizyolojik ve Biyokimyasal Tepkilerinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 198 - 210, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1802160
https://izlik.org/JA97KJ82FD

Öz

Bu çalışmada, kontrollü sera koşullarında dört farklı yetiştirme ortamında (torf + perlit [kontrol], zeytin posası kompostu, biyokömür ve mantar kompostu) yetiştirilen üç aronya çeşidinin (‘Nero’, ‘Viking’ ve ‘Galicjanka’) morfo-fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal tepkileri araştırılmıştır. Deneme, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Morfolojik özelliklerden sürgün uzunluğu, yaprak sayısı ve köklenme oranı yetiştirme ortamlarından anlamlı şekilde etkilenmiştir. ‘Galicjanka’ çeşidi, mantar kompostunda en yüksek sürgün uzunluğu (16,53 cm) ve köklenme oranını (%95,68) göstermiştir. Biyokömür uygulaması ise özellikle ‘Nero’ çeşidinde taze biyokütle miktarını (3,44 g) belirgin biçimde artırmıştır. Fizyolojik parametrelerden klorofil içeriği (SPAD) ve relatif su içeriği (RWC), mantar kompostunda yetiştirilen bitkilerde en yüksek düzeyde bulunmuştur. Bu değerler özellikle ‘Galicjanka’ çeşidinde sırasıyla SPAD: 49,9 ve RWC: %88,1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Biyokimyasal analiz sonuçlarına göre, kontrol grubunda prolin ve malondialdehit (MDA) düzeylerinin yüksek olması, bu grupta daha fazla oksidatif stres oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri (SOD ve CAT) biyokömür ortamında anlamlı şekilde artış göstermiş, özellikle ‘Nero’ çeşidinde (SOD: 139,4 U mg⁻¹ protein; CAT: 10,97 U mg⁻¹ protein) dikkat çekmiştir. Toplam fenolik madde içeriği (TPC) ve antioksidan kapasite (DPPH) zeytin posası kompostunda en yüksek değerlere ulaşmıştır. ‘Galicjanka’ çeşidi bu ortamda en yüksek TPC (39,57 mg GAE g⁻¹ FW) ve DPPH (%75,18) değerlerini vermiştir. Çok değişkenli analizler (PCA ve ısı haritası) çeşit x ortam etkileşimlerinin belirgin olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Mantar kompostu ve zeytin posası kompostu, torf bazlı ortamlara sürdürülebilir alternatifler olarak bitki gelişimini ve biyokimyasal kaliteyi artırmada etkili bulunmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Akbulut, Ş. 2019. Farklı köklendirme ortamlarının 41B amerikan asma anacının tuzluluğa olan dayanımı üzerine etkisi. Yüksek Lisans tezi. Ordu Ü. Zir. Fak. Fen Bil. Ens. Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı Ordu.
  • Almokar, H. M. M., and L. Pırlak. 2018. Propagation of aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) with tissue culture. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 32(3): 549-558.
  • Azizi Yeganeh, M., A. A. Shahabi, A. Ebadi., and V. Abdossi. 2024. Vermicompost as an alternative substrate to peat moss for strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) in soilles culture. BMC Plant Biology 24(1): 149.
  • Bates, L. S., R. P. A. Waldren., and I.D. Teare. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil 39: 205-207.
  • Beauchamp, C., and I. Fridovich. 1971. Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry 44(1): 276-287.
  • Choi, H. S. 2020. Eco-physiological responses of black chokeberries as affected by applications of oil cake. Sustainability 12(18): 7601.
  • Çalışkan, S., H. Yetişir, M.E. Çalışkan., and M. Arslan. 2007. Farklı organik üretim sistemlerinin domates bitkisinin büyüme ve verimi üzerine etkileri. Türkiye 5: 4-7.
  • Daddi, T., F. Iraldo, M. Frey, P. Gallo., and V. Gianfrate. 2016. Regional policies and eco-industrial development: the voluntary environmental certification scheme of the eco-industrial parks in Tuscany (Italy). Journal of Cleaner Production 114: 62-70.
  • Ding, Y., Y. Liu, S. Liu, Z. Li, X. Tan, X. Huang., and B. Zheng. 2016. Biochar to improve soil fertility. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 36: 1-18.
  • Dobros, N., A. Zielińska, P. Siudem, K. D. Zawada., and K. Paradowska. 2024. Profile of bioactive components and antioxidant activity of Aronia melanocarpa fruits at various stages of their growth, using chemometric methods. Antioxidants 13(4): 462.
  • Ekinci, H., N. Şaşkın, B. Dikmetaş., and B. E. Ak. 2024. Determination of the effects of drought stress on Aronia melanocarpa cv. Nero in vitro conditions. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 8(4): 760-767. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.4.4
  • Farooq, M., A. Wahid, N. S. M. A. Kobayashi, D. B. S. M. A. Fujita., and S.M. Basra. 2009. Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. In Sustainable Agriculture 153-188.
  • Heath, R. L., and L. Packer. 1968. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 125(1): 189-198.
  • Kaya, Ç. 2025. Süper meyve aronya (Aronia melanocarpa L.)’nın biyokimyasal bileşimi, sağlık yararları ve gıda sanayinde kullanım potansiyeli. Nevşehir Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi 14(1): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.1626095
  • Kaya, Ç., and Ş. Özatay. 2024. Development of an effective sterilization protocol for plant tissue culture studies in superfruit aronia [Aronia melanocarpa (Michaux) Elliot]. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture 7(6): 679-685. https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1548432
  • Kaya, Ç., and T. Sarıyer. 2024. Comparative biplot analysis of micropropagation of viking aronia cultivar in different plant tissue culture media. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 34(1): 90-96. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1494423
  • Libutti, A., V. Trotta., and A. R. Rivelli. 2020. Biochar, vermicompost, and compost as soil organic amendments: Influence on Growth Parameters, Nitrate and Chlorophyll Content of Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cycla). Agronomy 10(3): 346.
  • Nicola, C., A. Florea, E. Chițu., and M. Butac. 2020. Evaluation of the biochemical quality of Aronia melanocarpa fruits in the conditions of southern Romania, under the influence of fertilization. Scientific Papers. Series B. Horticulture 64(1).
  • Ortiz-Delvasto, N., and M. Carvajal. 2025. Elevated carbon dioxide and substrate composition affect growth, nutrient uptake, and water use efficiency in blueberry cultivation under greenhouse. Journal of Plant Nutrition 1-18.
  • Pantelidis, G. E., M. Vasilakakis, G.A. Manganaris., and G. R. Diamantidis. 2007. Antioxidant capacity, phenol, anthocyanin and ascorbic acid contents in raspberries, blackberries, red currants, gooseberries and Cornelian cherries. Food Chemistry 102(3): 777-783.
  • R Core Team 2023 R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R foundation for statistical computing, Vienna. https://www.R-project.org/
  • Rao, M. J., M. Duan, C. Zhou, J. Jiao, P. Cheng, L. Yang., and B. Zheng. 2025. Antioxidant defense system in plants: Reactive oxygen species production, signaling, and scavenging during abiotic stress-induced oxidative damage. Horticulturae 11(5): 477.
  • Scalzo, J., A. Politi, N. Pellegrini, B. Mezzetti., and M. Battino. 2005. Plant genotype affects total antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents in fruit. Nutrition 21(2): 207-213.
  • Shahid, M. A., A. N. Sarkhosh, R. M. Khan, S. Balal, L. Ali, F. Rossi., and Garcia-Sanchez. 2020. Insights into the physiological and biochemical impacts of salt stress on plant growth and development. Agronomy 10(7): 938.
  • Sousaraei, N., B. Torabi, K. Mashaiekhi, E. Soltani., and S.J. Mousavizadeh. 2021. Variation of seed germination response to temperature in tomato landraces: An adaptation strategy to environmental conditions. Scientia Horticulturae 281: 109987.
  • Trenka, M., A. Nawirska-Olszańska., and M. Oziembłowski. 2020. Analysis of selected properties of fruits of black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L.) from organic and conventional cultivation. Applied Sciences 10(24): 9096.
  • Yu, H. Y., W. X. Ding, J. F. Luo, A. Donnison., and J. B. Zhang. 2012. Long‐term effect of compost and inorganic fertilizer on activities of carbon‐cycle enzymes in aggregates of an intensively cultivated sandy loam. Soil Use and Management 28(3): 347-360.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Meyve Yetiştirme ve Islahı, Bahçe Bitkileri Yetiştirme ve Islahı (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Çağlar Kaya 0000-0002-7054-3081

Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Ekim 2025
Kabul Tarihi 26 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
DOI https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1802160
IZ https://izlik.org/JA97KJ82FD
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaya, Ç. (2025). Determination of Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa L.) Seedlings to Alternative Organic and Industrial Growing Media. ANADOLU Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, 35(2), 198-210. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1802160
AMA 1.Kaya Ç. Determination of Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa L.) Seedlings to Alternative Organic and Industrial Growing Media. ANADOLU. 2025;35(2):198-210. doi:10.18615/anadolu.1802160
Chicago Kaya, Çağlar. 2025. “Determination of Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa L.) Seedlings to Alternative Organic and Industrial Growing Media”. ANADOLU Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute 35 (2): 198-210. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1802160.
EndNote Kaya Ç (01 Aralık 2025) Determination of Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa L.) Seedlings to Alternative Organic and Industrial Growing Media. ANADOLU Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute 35 2 198–210.
IEEE [1]Ç. Kaya, “Determination of Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa L.) Seedlings to Alternative Organic and Industrial Growing Media”, ANADOLU, c. 35, sy 2, ss. 198–210, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.18615/anadolu.1802160.
ISNAD Kaya, Çağlar. “Determination of Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa L.) Seedlings to Alternative Organic and Industrial Growing Media”. ANADOLU Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute 35/2 (01 Aralık 2025): 198-210. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1802160.
JAMA 1.Kaya Ç. Determination of Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa L.) Seedlings to Alternative Organic and Industrial Growing Media. ANADOLU. 2025;35:198–210.
MLA Kaya, Çağlar. “Determination of Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa L.) Seedlings to Alternative Organic and Industrial Growing Media”. ANADOLU Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, c. 35, sy 2, Aralık 2025, ss. 198-10, doi:10.18615/anadolu.1802160.
Vancouver 1.Çağlar Kaya. Determination of Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa L.) Seedlings to Alternative Organic and Industrial Growing Media. ANADOLU. 01 Aralık 2025;35(2):198-210. doi:10.18615/anadolu.1802160
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