Strawberry Production in Soilless Culture

Abstract

Strawberry, which is grown in wide ecological conditions in the world, is one of the species increasing its production every year. Strawberry culture has been generally conducted in soil by traditional methods. Thus, many pest and disease problems have arisen. One of the most important problems is yield and crop losses arising from soil-borne pathogens and nematodes in strawberry production. For this reason, crop rotation or soil disinfection by solarization and chemical treatments should be done. But these methods are expensive and unsafe for soil and environment and do not fully solve the problem. Thus, the only healthy solution seems soilless culture. In addition to the solution of the problems in greenhouse soils, need to extend the production season and increase yield led to spread of soilless strawberry cultivation in commercial greenhouse production. In this review, it was discussed principles of strawberry growing in soilless culture and also strawberry growing at soilless culture in Turkey was evaluated.

Keywords

• Strawberry,Fragaria x ananassa,soilless culture,Turkey

Topraksız Tarımda Çilek Yetiştiriciliği

Öz

Çilek dünyada, yetiştiriciliği çok geniş ekolojik şartlarda yapılan, üretimi her yıl artış gösteren meyve türlerinden biridir. Çilek yetiştiriciliği, esas olarak geleneksel yetiştiricilik metotlarıyla toprakta yapılmakta, bu da hastalık ve zararlılarla ilgili pek çok probleme yol açmaktadır. En önemli sorunlardan birisi toprak kökenli patojenlerin ve nematodların yol açtığı verim ve bitkisel kayıplardır. Bu kayıpların önüne geçebilmek için münavebe yapılması veya toprağın mutlaka solarizasyon veya kimyasallarla dezenfekte edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çözüm yollarının masraflı olması, toprak ve çevrede zararlı etkiler yapması yanında problemin çözümünde tam olarak etkili olamaması çilek üreticilerinin alternatif üretim yöntemleri aramasına neden olmuştur. Bu nedenlerle topraksız tarım ortaya çıkan bu sorunların çözümünde önemli bir alternatif olabilmektedir. Sera topraklarında gözlemlenen sorunların çözümü yanında çilek yetiştiriciliğinde üretim sezonunu uzatma ve birim alandan alınan veriminin artırılması gibi hedefler topraksız çilek yetiştiriciliğinin ticari sera üretiminde yaygınlaşmasını sağlamıştır. Bu makalede topraksız tarımda çilek yetiştiriciliğinde yetiştiricilik esasları ve Türkiye’de topraksız çilek yetiştiriciliğinin durumu değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çilek,Fragaria x ananassa,topraksız tarım,Türkiye

Kaynakça

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