Morphological and Diurnal Variability of Essential Oil in Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.)

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the composition of the essential oil from leaves and flowers of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.) cultivated in Menemen-İzmir/Turkey and determine the effect of morphological and diurnal variability on the composition of essential oil. The essential oils from leaves and flowers lemon verbena were isolated by hydrodistillation with clevenger type apparatus. The chemical compounds of essential oil were identified by using a gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) systems. The yields of essential oils in leaves was found to be highest and lowest value in the lower part of leaves, with 1.64% at 4:00 pm and 0.78% at 10:00 am. Essential oil yield in flowers was varied 1.17% at 4:00 pm to 0.86% at 10:00 am in the day time. Main components of the all essential oils were found as limonene, neral and geranial. The ratio of those components were changed according to day time and the part of plant. The minimum and maximum ratio of limonene, neral and geranial were obtained between 12.2-22.6%, 15.6-23.6%, 22.7-35.8% in the leaves and 16.3-28.5%, 20.2-16.2%, 30.3-23.8% in the flowers respectively.

Keywords

• Lippia citriodora,lemon verbena,essential oil,morphological variability,diurnal variability.

Limonotu (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.) Uçucu Yağının Morfolojik ve Gün İçindeki Değişimi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Menemen-İzmir/Türkiye’de kültürü yapılan limonotu (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.) bitkisinin yaprak ve çiçeklerindeki uçucu yağların bileşimini analiz etmek ve morfolojik ve gün içindeki değişiminin uçucu yağların bileşimine etkisini belirlemektir. Yaprak ve çiçeklerdeki uçucu yağlar Clevenger tipi aparey ile hidrodistilasyon yöntemine göre çıkarılmıştır. Uçucu yağların analizi gaz kromatografisi (GC-FID) ve gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektrometrisi (GC-MS) sistemleri kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Yapraklardaki uçucu yağlar en yüksek %1,64 ile öğleden sonra saat 16.00’da, en düşük %0,78 ile sabah 10.00’da bitkinin dip kısımlarından alınan yapraklardan elde edilmiştir. Çiçeklerdeki uçucu yağlar 16.00’da alınan örneklerde %1,17, 10.00’da alınan örneklerde %0,86 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bütün uçucu yağlardaki ana bileşenler limonen, neral ve geranial olarak bulunmuştur. Bu bileşenlerin oranı günün farklı zamanı ve alındığı bitki bölümüne göre değişim göstermiştir. Limonen, neral ve geranial’ın en yüksek en düşük oranları yaprak uçucu yağ örneklerinde %12,2-22,6, %15,6-23,6, %22,7-35,8 ve çiçek uçucu yağ örneklerinde %16,3-28,5, %20,2-16,2, %30,3-23,8 arasında saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lippia citriodora H.B.K.,limonotu,uçucu yağ,morfolojik varyabilite,diurnal varyabilite.

Kaynakça

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