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Morphological and Diurnal Variability of Essential Oil in Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.)

Yıl 2019, , 114 - 120, 20.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.660270

Öz

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the composition of the essential oil from leaves and flowers of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.) cultivated in Menemen-İzmir/Turkey and determine the effect of morphological and diurnal variability on the composition of essential oil. The essential oils from leaves and flowers lemon verbena were isolated by hydrodistillation with clevenger type apparatus. The chemical compounds of essential oil were identified by using a gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) systems. The yields of essential oils in leaves was found to be highest and lowest value in the lower part of leaves, with 1.64% at 4:00 pm and 0.78% at 10:00 am. Essential oil yield in flowers was varied 1.17% at 4:00 pm to 0.86% at 10:00 am in the day time. Main components of the all essential oils were found as limonene, neral and geranial. The ratio of those components were changed according to day time and the part of plant. The minimum and maximum ratio of limonene, neral and geranial were obtained between 12.2-22.6%, 15.6-23.6%, 22.7-35.8% in the leaves and 16.3-28.5%, 20.2-16.2%, 30.3-23.8% in the flowers respectively.

Kaynakça

  • Abad, M., S. Sánchez, P. Bermejo, A. Villar, and L. Carrasco. 1995. Antiviral activity of some medicinal plants. Methods and Findings 17: 108-114.
  • Anonymous. 2011. TSE EN ISO 6571-Baharatlar, Çeşniler ve Tıbbi Bitkiler – Uçucu Yağ Muhtevasının Tayini (hidrodistilasyon yöntemi). Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Arabacı, O., H. E. Tokul, N. G. Öğretmen, and E. Bayram. 2015. The effect of diurnal variability on yield and quality in naturally grown Coridothymus capitatus L. genotypes. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 52 (2): 141-150.
  • Argyropoulou, C., D. Daferera, P. A. Tarantilis, C. Fasseas, and M. Polissiou. 2007. Chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves of Lippia citriodora HBK (Verbenaceae) at two developmental stages. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 35: 831-837.
  • Azizi, A., F. Yan, and B. Honermeier. 2009. Herbage yield, essential oil content and composition of three oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) populations as affected by soil moisture regimes and nitrogen supply. Industrial Crops and Products 29: 554-561.
  • Barillas, K. V. S. 1992. Estudio de la actividad antiinflamatoria de diversas especies de la flora de Guatemala. Facultad de Farmacia. PhD Thesis. Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
  • Belkamel, A., V. Janneot and Y. Dehbi. 2005. Verveine odorante Aloysia triphylla-Verbenaceae composition chimique et biosynthese, International Congress On Medicinal Plants, Errachidia, March 16-19, 2005, Morocco. pp. 113.
  • Bellakhdar, J., A. I. Idrissi, S. Canigueral, J. Iglesias, and R. Vila. 1994. Composition of lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla (L'Herit.) Britton) oil of Moroccan origin. Journal of Essential Oil Research 6: 523-526.
  • Carnat, A., A. Carnat, D. Fraisse, and J. Lamaison. 1999. The aromatic and polyphenolic composition of lemon verbena tea. Fitoterapia 70: 44-49.
  • Castro, D., L. Ming, and M. Marques. 2000. Biomass production and chemical composition of Lippia alba (Mill.) NE Br. ex Britt & Wilson in leaves on different plant parts in different seasons, I Latin-American Symposium on the Production of Medicinal, Aromatic and Condiments Plants 569, pp. 111-115.
  • Ceylan, A. 1996. Tıbbi Bitkiler II (Uçucu Yağ Bitkileri), Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayını No: 481, İzmir.
  • El-Hamidi, A., S. Ahmed, and F. Shaarawy. 1982. Lippia citriodora grown in Egypt. A new crop under development, III International Symposium on Spice and Medicinal Plants, XXI IHC 132, pp. 31-34.
  • Gasquet, M., F. Delmas, P. Timon-David, A. Keita, M. Guindo, N. Koita, D. Diallo, and O. Doumbo. 1993. Evaluation in vitro and in vivo of a traditional antimalarial," Malarial 5". Fitoterapia-Milano 64: 423-423.
  • Gezici, S., N. Şekeroğlu, and A. Kijjoa. 2017. In vitro anticancer activity and antioxidant properties of essential oils from Populus alba L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. from South Eastern Anatolia of Turkey. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research 51: 498-S503.
  • Hassiotis, C. N., D. M., Lazari, and K. E. Vlachonasios. 2010. The effects of habitat type and diurnal harvest on essential oil yield and composition of Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 19 (8): 1491-1498.
  • Jalal, K., M. Rahmat, F. T. Mohammad, and N. Himan. 2009. Influence of drying methods, extraction time, and organ type on essential oil content of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Nature and Science 7: 42-44.
  • Kim, N.S., and D. S. Lee. 2004. Headspace solid-phase microextraction for characterization of fragrances of lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of separation science 27: 96-100.
  • Klueger, P., M. Daros, R. Silva, M. Farias, and T. De Lima. 1997. Neuropharmacological evaluation of crude and semipurified extracts from Lippia alba Will. NE Br. (Verbenaceae), Abstracts. International joint Symposium. Chemistry, Biological and Pharmacological Properties of Medicinal Plants from the Americas. Poster Session, p. B23.
  • Kulan, E. G. 2013. Eskişehir Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Reyhan (Ocimum basilicum L.) Bitkisinin Bazı Bitkisel Özelliklerin ve Diurnal Varyabilitesinin Belirlenmesi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 116 s.
  • Lopez, A. A., N. H. Rojas, and C. M. Jimenez. 1979. Plant extracts with cytostatic properties growing in Cuba. II. Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical 31: 105-111.
  • Montes, M., L. Valenzuela, T. Wilkomirsky, and M. Arrive. 1973. Sur la composıtıon de l'essence d' Aloysia triphylla (cedron). Planta Medica 23: 119-124.
  • Nakamura, T., E. Okuyama, A. Tsukada, M. Yamazaki, M. Satake, S. Nishibe, T. Deyama, A. Moriya, M. Maruno, and H. Nishimura. 1997. Acteoside as the analgesic principle of cedron (Lippia triphylla), a Peruvian medicinal plant. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 45: 499-504.
  • Özek, T., N. Kirimer, K. Baser, and G. Tümen. 1996. Composition of the essential oil of Aloysia triphylla (L'Herit.) Britton grown in Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Research 8: 581-583.
  • Pascual, M., K. Slowing, E. Carretero, D. S. Mata, and A. Villar. 2001. Lippia: traditional uses, chemistry and pharmacology: A Review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 76: 201-214. doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00234-3.
  • Paşa, C. 2013. Kaz Dağları’nda yayılış gösteren bazı Hypericum türlerinde uçucu yağ oranı ve bileşenlerinin diurnal, ontogenetik ve morfogenetik varyasyonunun belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarla Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı Doktora Tezi 222 s.
  • Rehman. R., M. A. Hanif, Z. Musthag, A. M. Al-Said. 2016. Biosynthesis of essential oils in aromatic plants: A review. Food Reviews International 32: 2 117-160.
  • Santos-Gomes, P.C., M. Fernandes-Ferreira, and A. M. Vicente. 2005. Composition of the essential oils from flowers and leaves of vervain Aloysia triphylla (L'Herit.) Britton grown in Portugal. Journal of Essential Oil Research 17: 73-78.
  • Sartoratto, A., A. L. M. Machado, C. Delarmelina, G. M. Figueira, M. C. T. Duarte, and V. L. G. Rehder. 2004. Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aromatic plants used in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 35: 275-280.
  • Sellami, I. H., E. Maamouri, T. Chahed, W. A. Wannes, M. E. Kchouk, and B. Marzouk. 2009. Effect of growth stage on the content and composition of the essential oil and phenolic fraction of sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.). Industrial Crops and Products 30 (3): 395-402.
  • Tan, U. 2016. Mayıs papatyası (Matricaria recutita L.)’nda farklı ekim zamanları ve çeşitlerin agronomik-teknolojik özelliklere etkisi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarla Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 71 s.
  • Terblanché, F., G., and Kornelius. 1996. Essential oil constituents of the genus Lippia (Verbenaceae) a literature review. Journal of Essential Oil Research 8: 471-485.
  • Toncer, O., S. Karaman, S. Kızıl, and E. Diraz. 2009. Changes in essential oil composition of oregano (Origanum onites L.) due to diurnal variations at different development stages. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 37: 177-181.
  • Vogel, H., M. L., Silva, and I. Razmilic. 1999. Seasonal fluctuation of essential oil content in lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla). II WOCMAP Congress Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Part 1: Biological Resources, Sustainable Use. Conservation and Ethnobotany. Acta Horticulturae 500: 75-80. Doi. 10.17660/ActaHortic.1999.500.9
  • Yaldiz, G., N. Sekeroğlu, M. Özgüven, and M. Kirpik. 2005. Seasonal and diurnal variability of essential oil and its components in Origanum onites L. grown in the ecological conditions of Çukurova, Grasas & Aceites 56 (4): 254-258.

Limonotu (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.) Uçucu Yağının Morfolojik ve Gün İçindeki Değişimi

Yıl 2019, , 114 - 120, 20.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.660270

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Menemen-İzmir/Türkiye’de kültürü yapılan limonotu (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.) bitkisinin yaprak ve çiçeklerindeki uçucu yağların bileşimini analiz etmek ve morfolojik ve gün içindeki değişiminin uçucu yağların bileşimine etkisini belirlemektir. Yaprak ve çiçeklerdeki uçucu yağlar Clevenger tipi aparey ile hidrodistilasyon yöntemine göre çıkarılmıştır. Uçucu yağların analizi gaz kromatografisi (GC-FID) ve gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektrometrisi (GC-MS) sistemleri kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Yapraklardaki uçucu yağlar en yüksek %1,64 ile öğleden sonra saat 16.00’da, en düşük %0,78 ile sabah 10.00’da bitkinin dip kısımlarından alınan yapraklardan elde edilmiştir. Çiçeklerdeki uçucu yağlar 16.00’da alınan örneklerde %1,17, 10.00’da alınan örneklerde %0,86 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bütün uçucu yağlardaki ana bileşenler limonen, neral ve geranial olarak bulunmuştur. Bu bileşenlerin oranı günün farklı zamanı ve alındığı bitki bölümüne göre değişim göstermiştir. Limonen, neral ve geranial’ın en yüksek en düşük oranları yaprak uçucu yağ örneklerinde %12,2-22,6, %15,6-23,6, %22,7-35,8 ve çiçek uçucu yağ örneklerinde %16,3-28,5, %20,2-16,2, %30,3-23,8 arasında saptanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Abad, M., S. Sánchez, P. Bermejo, A. Villar, and L. Carrasco. 1995. Antiviral activity of some medicinal plants. Methods and Findings 17: 108-114.
  • Anonymous. 2011. TSE EN ISO 6571-Baharatlar, Çeşniler ve Tıbbi Bitkiler – Uçucu Yağ Muhtevasının Tayini (hidrodistilasyon yöntemi). Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Arabacı, O., H. E. Tokul, N. G. Öğretmen, and E. Bayram. 2015. The effect of diurnal variability on yield and quality in naturally grown Coridothymus capitatus L. genotypes. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 52 (2): 141-150.
  • Argyropoulou, C., D. Daferera, P. A. Tarantilis, C. Fasseas, and M. Polissiou. 2007. Chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves of Lippia citriodora HBK (Verbenaceae) at two developmental stages. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 35: 831-837.
  • Azizi, A., F. Yan, and B. Honermeier. 2009. Herbage yield, essential oil content and composition of three oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) populations as affected by soil moisture regimes and nitrogen supply. Industrial Crops and Products 29: 554-561.
  • Barillas, K. V. S. 1992. Estudio de la actividad antiinflamatoria de diversas especies de la flora de Guatemala. Facultad de Farmacia. PhD Thesis. Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
  • Belkamel, A., V. Janneot and Y. Dehbi. 2005. Verveine odorante Aloysia triphylla-Verbenaceae composition chimique et biosynthese, International Congress On Medicinal Plants, Errachidia, March 16-19, 2005, Morocco. pp. 113.
  • Bellakhdar, J., A. I. Idrissi, S. Canigueral, J. Iglesias, and R. Vila. 1994. Composition of lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla (L'Herit.) Britton) oil of Moroccan origin. Journal of Essential Oil Research 6: 523-526.
  • Carnat, A., A. Carnat, D. Fraisse, and J. Lamaison. 1999. The aromatic and polyphenolic composition of lemon verbena tea. Fitoterapia 70: 44-49.
  • Castro, D., L. Ming, and M. Marques. 2000. Biomass production and chemical composition of Lippia alba (Mill.) NE Br. ex Britt & Wilson in leaves on different plant parts in different seasons, I Latin-American Symposium on the Production of Medicinal, Aromatic and Condiments Plants 569, pp. 111-115.
  • Ceylan, A. 1996. Tıbbi Bitkiler II (Uçucu Yağ Bitkileri), Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayını No: 481, İzmir.
  • El-Hamidi, A., S. Ahmed, and F. Shaarawy. 1982. Lippia citriodora grown in Egypt. A new crop under development, III International Symposium on Spice and Medicinal Plants, XXI IHC 132, pp. 31-34.
  • Gasquet, M., F. Delmas, P. Timon-David, A. Keita, M. Guindo, N. Koita, D. Diallo, and O. Doumbo. 1993. Evaluation in vitro and in vivo of a traditional antimalarial," Malarial 5". Fitoterapia-Milano 64: 423-423.
  • Gezici, S., N. Şekeroğlu, and A. Kijjoa. 2017. In vitro anticancer activity and antioxidant properties of essential oils from Populus alba L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. from South Eastern Anatolia of Turkey. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research 51: 498-S503.
  • Hassiotis, C. N., D. M., Lazari, and K. E. Vlachonasios. 2010. The effects of habitat type and diurnal harvest on essential oil yield and composition of Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 19 (8): 1491-1498.
  • Jalal, K., M. Rahmat, F. T. Mohammad, and N. Himan. 2009. Influence of drying methods, extraction time, and organ type on essential oil content of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Nature and Science 7: 42-44.
  • Kim, N.S., and D. S. Lee. 2004. Headspace solid-phase microextraction for characterization of fragrances of lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of separation science 27: 96-100.
  • Klueger, P., M. Daros, R. Silva, M. Farias, and T. De Lima. 1997. Neuropharmacological evaluation of crude and semipurified extracts from Lippia alba Will. NE Br. (Verbenaceae), Abstracts. International joint Symposium. Chemistry, Biological and Pharmacological Properties of Medicinal Plants from the Americas. Poster Session, p. B23.
  • Kulan, E. G. 2013. Eskişehir Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Reyhan (Ocimum basilicum L.) Bitkisinin Bazı Bitkisel Özelliklerin ve Diurnal Varyabilitesinin Belirlenmesi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 116 s.
  • Lopez, A. A., N. H. Rojas, and C. M. Jimenez. 1979. Plant extracts with cytostatic properties growing in Cuba. II. Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical 31: 105-111.
  • Montes, M., L. Valenzuela, T. Wilkomirsky, and M. Arrive. 1973. Sur la composıtıon de l'essence d' Aloysia triphylla (cedron). Planta Medica 23: 119-124.
  • Nakamura, T., E. Okuyama, A. Tsukada, M. Yamazaki, M. Satake, S. Nishibe, T. Deyama, A. Moriya, M. Maruno, and H. Nishimura. 1997. Acteoside as the analgesic principle of cedron (Lippia triphylla), a Peruvian medicinal plant. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 45: 499-504.
  • Özek, T., N. Kirimer, K. Baser, and G. Tümen. 1996. Composition of the essential oil of Aloysia triphylla (L'Herit.) Britton grown in Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Research 8: 581-583.
  • Pascual, M., K. Slowing, E. Carretero, D. S. Mata, and A. Villar. 2001. Lippia: traditional uses, chemistry and pharmacology: A Review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 76: 201-214. doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00234-3.
  • Paşa, C. 2013. Kaz Dağları’nda yayılış gösteren bazı Hypericum türlerinde uçucu yağ oranı ve bileşenlerinin diurnal, ontogenetik ve morfogenetik varyasyonunun belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarla Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı Doktora Tezi 222 s.
  • Rehman. R., M. A. Hanif, Z. Musthag, A. M. Al-Said. 2016. Biosynthesis of essential oils in aromatic plants: A review. Food Reviews International 32: 2 117-160.
  • Santos-Gomes, P.C., M. Fernandes-Ferreira, and A. M. Vicente. 2005. Composition of the essential oils from flowers and leaves of vervain Aloysia triphylla (L'Herit.) Britton grown in Portugal. Journal of Essential Oil Research 17: 73-78.
  • Sartoratto, A., A. L. M. Machado, C. Delarmelina, G. M. Figueira, M. C. T. Duarte, and V. L. G. Rehder. 2004. Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aromatic plants used in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 35: 275-280.
  • Sellami, I. H., E. Maamouri, T. Chahed, W. A. Wannes, M. E. Kchouk, and B. Marzouk. 2009. Effect of growth stage on the content and composition of the essential oil and phenolic fraction of sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.). Industrial Crops and Products 30 (3): 395-402.
  • Tan, U. 2016. Mayıs papatyası (Matricaria recutita L.)’nda farklı ekim zamanları ve çeşitlerin agronomik-teknolojik özelliklere etkisi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarla Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 71 s.
  • Terblanché, F., G., and Kornelius. 1996. Essential oil constituents of the genus Lippia (Verbenaceae) a literature review. Journal of Essential Oil Research 8: 471-485.
  • Toncer, O., S. Karaman, S. Kızıl, and E. Diraz. 2009. Changes in essential oil composition of oregano (Origanum onites L.) due to diurnal variations at different development stages. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 37: 177-181.
  • Vogel, H., M. L., Silva, and I. Razmilic. 1999. Seasonal fluctuation of essential oil content in lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla). II WOCMAP Congress Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Part 1: Biological Resources, Sustainable Use. Conservation and Ethnobotany. Acta Horticulturae 500: 75-80. Doi. 10.17660/ActaHortic.1999.500.9
  • Yaldiz, G., N. Sekeroğlu, M. Özgüven, and M. Kirpik. 2005. Seasonal and diurnal variability of essential oil and its components in Origanum onites L. grown in the ecological conditions of Çukurova, Grasas & Aceites 56 (4): 254-258.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ünal Karık

Orçun Çınar

Murat Tunçtürk

Nazım Şekeroğlu

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Kasım 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019

Kaynak Göster

APA Karık, Ü., Çınar, O., Tunçtürk, M., Şekeroğlu, N. (2019). Morphological and Diurnal Variability of Essential Oil in Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.). ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 29(2), 114-120. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.660270
AMA Karık Ü, Çınar O, Tunçtürk M, Şekeroğlu N. Morphological and Diurnal Variability of Essential Oil in Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.). ANADOLU. Aralık 2019;29(2):114-120. doi:10.18615/anadolu.660270
Chicago Karık, Ünal, Orçun Çınar, Murat Tunçtürk, ve Nazım Şekeroğlu. “Morphological and Diurnal Variability of Essential Oil in Lemon Verbena (Lippia Citriodora H.B.K.)”. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 29, sy. 2 (Aralık 2019): 114-20. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.660270.
EndNote Karık Ü, Çınar O, Tunçtürk M, Şekeroğlu N (01 Aralık 2019) Morphological and Diurnal Variability of Essential Oil in Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.). ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 29 2 114–120.
IEEE Ü. Karık, O. Çınar, M. Tunçtürk, ve N. Şekeroğlu, “Morphological and Diurnal Variability of Essential Oil in Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.)”, ANADOLU, c. 29, sy. 2, ss. 114–120, 2019, doi: 10.18615/anadolu.660270.
ISNAD Karık, Ünal vd. “Morphological and Diurnal Variability of Essential Oil in Lemon Verbena (Lippia Citriodora H.B.K.)”. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 29/2 (Aralık 2019), 114-120. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.660270.
JAMA Karık Ü, Çınar O, Tunçtürk M, Şekeroğlu N. Morphological and Diurnal Variability of Essential Oil in Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.). ANADOLU. 2019;29:114–120.
MLA Karık, Ünal vd. “Morphological and Diurnal Variability of Essential Oil in Lemon Verbena (Lippia Citriodora H.B.K.)”. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 29, sy. 2, 2019, ss. 114-20, doi:10.18615/anadolu.660270.
Vancouver Karık Ü, Çınar O, Tunçtürk M, Şekeroğlu N. Morphological and Diurnal Variability of Essential Oil in Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.). ANADOLU. 2019;29(2):114-20.
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