Production, Trade and Future Perspective of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Turkey

Yıl 2019, , 154 - 163, 20.12.2019

Ünal Karık , Murat Tunçtürk

https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.660316

Cited By: 10

Öz

In order to solve the problems encountered in the culture of medicinal and aromatic plants, to take the research as a whole, to organize these studies and to provide coordination among the working people and institutions, in 1990, National Research Project of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants was initiated by Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The main purpose of these studies is to develop the registered varieties by cultivating new plant species for the production of standard and high quality raw materials required by different industries in medicinal, aromatic and dye plants in Turkey. Research institutes located in different regions of Turkey, start by selecting the appropriate type of culture to their ecology, engages in breeding and variety development work. Improvement studies have been made more efficient by integrating with quality studies to determine the active substances in plants. As a result of these studies, 41 cultivars of medicinal and aromatic plants belong to 15 species have been registered till now. The production areas of these species are increasing every year. In 2018, 300.000 tons of medicinal and aromatic plants were produced in approximately 100.000 hectares of land. 50.000 tons of this production was exported and 265 million US dollars of revenue was generated. In the following process, it is aimed to continue the culture, breeding, cultivation and quality studies and to develop new varieties and increase the production and usage areas of these varieties. On the other hand, in order to get more shares from the world herbal medicine market which is expected to reach 5 trillion USD in 2050, it is planned to give priority to the export of processed products instead of raw material export.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Turkey, medicinal and aromatic plants, production, trade

Türkiye’de Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkilerin Üretimi, Ticareti ve Gelecek Perspektifi

Öz

Tıbbi ve aromatik bitki kültüründe karşılaşılan
sorunları çözmek, araştırmayı bir bütün olarak ele almak, bu çalışmaları
düzenlemek ve çalışan insanlar ve kurumlar arasında koordinasyonu sağlamak
amacıyla 1990 yılında T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı tarafından Tıbbi ve
Aromatik Bitkiler Ulusal Araştırma Projesi başlatılmıştır. Bu çalışmaların
temel amacı, Türkiye'deki tıbbi, aromatik ve boya bitkilerinde farklı
endüstrilerin ihtiyaç duyduğu standart ve kaliteli hammaddelerin üretimi için
yeni bitki türleri yetiştirerek tescilli çeşitlerin geliştirilmesidir.
Türkiye'nin farklı bölgelerinde bulunan araştırma enstitüleri ekolojilerine
uygun kültür bitkilerini seçerek ıslah ve çeşit geliştirme çalışmalarına
yapmaktadırlar. Bitkilerde aktif maddelerin belirlenmesi için kalite
çalışmaları agronomi çalışmaları ile bütünleştirilerek ıslah çalışmaları daha
verimli hale getirilmiştir. Bu çalışmalar sonucunda şu ana kadar 15 türe ait 41
çeşit tıbbi ve aromatik bitki çeşidi tescil edilmiştir. Bu türlerin üretim
alanları her yıl artmaktadır. 2018 yılında yaklaşık 100.000 hektar
alanda 300.000 ton şifalı ve aromatik bitki üretilmiştir. Bu üretimin 50.000
tonu ihraç edilmiş ve 265 milyon ABD doları gelir sağlanmıştır. Bundan sonraki
süreçte kültür, ıslah, yetiştirme ve kalite çalışmalarının sürdürülmesi ve yeni
çeşitler geliştirilerek bu çeşitlerin üretim ve kullanım alanlarının
artırılması hedeflenmektedir. Öte yandan, 2050 yılında 5 trilyon ABD dolarına
ulaşması beklenen dünya bitkisel ilaç pazarından daha fazla pay alabilmek için
ham drog ihracatı yerine işlenmiş ürünlerin ihracatına öncelik verilmesi planlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türkiye, tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler, üretim, ticaret

Kaynakça

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