Water-Yield Relations of Drip Irrigated Maize in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine water-yield relations of drip-irrigated maize that was grown in Central Anatolia Region of Turkey with a dominant arid and semi-arid climate. Four different irrigation treatments were applied to experimental plots in 7-day intervals. Irrigation treatments were laid out based on 7-day cumulative evaporation from class-A pan (I120 – 120%, I100 – 100%, I80 – 80% and I60 – 60% of pan evaporation). Applied irrigation water quantities varied between 431-676 mm in 2009 and between 453-726 mm in 2010. The greatest seasonal water consumption (821 mm) was observed in I120 treatment of 2010 and the lowest (590.1 mm) in I60 treatment of 2009. The greatest kernel yield per hectare (15773 kg ha-1) was obtained from I120 treatment of 2010 and the lowest (8986 kg ha-1) from I60 treatment of 2009. Water use efficiency (WUE) values varied between 1.45-1.99 kg m-3 and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) values varied between 1.84-2.39 kg m-3. Yield-response factor (ky) of maize was calculated as 1.47 in 2009 and 1.36, in 2010. While I100 was recommended as the ideal irrigation program, I80 treatments could also be used to improve water use efficiencies in places where full irrigation is not possible.

Keywords

• Corn
• Zea mays L.
• seed yield
• class-A pan
• drip irrigation
• water use efficiencies

Kurak ve Yarı Kurak Bölgelerde Damla Sulama ile Sulanan Mısır Bitkisinin Su-Verim İlişkileri

Öz

Bu araştırma, Türkiye’nin kurak ve yarı kurak iklim özelliği gösteren İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yer alan Konya ilinde
damla sulama yöntemi ile sulanan mısır bitkisinin su-verim ilişkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, parsellere 7 gün sulama aralığında dört farklı sulama miktarı uygulanmıştır. Sulama suyu miktarları, A sınıfı buharlaşma kabından oluşan yığışımlı buharlaşma değerinin; % 120’si (I120), % 100’ü (I100), % 80’i (I80) ve % 60’ı (I60) alınarak oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmada konulara 2009 yılında 431-676 mm, 2010 yılında ise 453-726 mm arasında değişen miktarlarda su uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, mısır bitkisinin mevsimlik su tüketimi en yüksek 821 mm ile 2010 yılında I120 konusunda, en düşük 590.1 mm ile 2009 yılında I60 konusunda gerçekleşmiştir. Birim alan tane verimi, en yüksek 15773 kg ha-1 ile 2010 yılında I120 konusunda; en düşük ise 8986 kg ha-1 ile 2009 yılında I60 konusundan elde edilmiştir. Su kullanım randımanı (WUE) ve sulama suyu kullanım randımanı (IWUE) konulara bağlı olarak, sırasıyla 1.45-1.99 kg m-3 ve 1.84-2.39 kg m-3 arasında değişmiştir. Mısır verim tepki etmeni (ky) 2009-2010 yıllarında sırası ile 1.47 ve 1.36 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda I100 konusu ideal sulama programı olarak önerilirken, tam sulamanın mümkün olmadığı koşullarda mevcut su potansiyeline bağlı olarak I80 konusu da benzer ekolojik bölgelerde su kullanım verimliliğini artırmak için önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mısır
• Zea mays L.
• verim
• A sınıfı buharlaşma kabı
• damla sulama
• su kullanım etkinliği

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