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Keçiboynuzu (Ceratonia siliqua L.) ve Ürünleri

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1, 108 - 112, 15.05.2018

Öz

ÖZ: Keçiboynuzu (Ceratonia
siliqua
L.)

Akdeniz ikliminin görüldüğü bölgelerde yetişen şeker içeriği yüksek bir
meyvedir. Zengin şeker içeriğinden kaynaklanan doğal olarak enerji verici
olması özelliğinin yanı sıra mineral ve fenolik maddelerce zengin olma
özelliğiyle yetişkin ve çocuk beslenmesinde önemli bir yere sahiptir.  Keçiboynuzu aynı zamanda çeşitli ticari
ürünlerin üretiminde de hammadde olarak kullanılmaktadır. Keçiboynuzu unu,
pekmez, gam ve d-pinitol bu ürünlere örnektir. Keçiboynuzu unu, çekirdekleri
alınmış keçiboynuzunun fırınlanması ve öğütülmesi ile elde edilmekte olup gıda
endüstrisinde kakao ikamesi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ülkemizde keçiboynuzunun
en yaygın tüketim şekli pekmezdir. Geleneksel bir ürün olan pekmez
keçiboynuzunun su ile ekstraksiyonu ardından yoğunlaştırılması ile elde
edilmektedir. Keçiboynuzu gamı çekirdeklerden üretilir ve gıda katkı maddesi
olarak kullanılmaktadır. D-pinitol biyoaktif bir bileşendir. Günümüzde
d-pinitol’ün diyabet ve çeşitli kanser tipleri üzerine olan etkilerinin
araştırıldığı çalışmalar mevcuttur.
Dünyada beslenme kaynaklı hastalıkların
görülme sıklığı artmaktadır. Beslenme alışkanlıklarının işlenmemiş gıdaları
tüketme yönünde değişmesi bu tip hastalıkların önlenmesinde önem taşımaktadır.
Keçiboynuzu işlenmemiş gıdalar arasında hem enerji verici olması hem de mineral
ve fenolik maddelerce zengin olması nedeniyle iyi bir seçenektir. Derlememizin
amacı keçiboynuzu ile ilgili çeşitli bilgileri bir araya toplayarak gelecekteki
çalışmalara kaynak oluşturmaktır.



 

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, A. B. 1952. Pinitol from sugar pines tumpwood. Ind. Eng. Chem. 45: 593-596.
  • Anderson, W. J., P. Baird, H. R. Davis Jr., S. Ferreri, M. Knudtson, A. Koraym, V. Waters, and L. C. Williams. 2009. Health benefits of dietary fiber. Nutrition Reviews 67 (4): 88-205.
  • Alper, Y. 2016. Keçiboynuzu (Ceratonia siliqua L.) meyvesinden süperkritik karbondioksit (CO2) ekstraksiyonu ile d-pinitol eldesi. Yüksek lisans tezi. E. Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı Bornova- İzmir.
  • Anonim. 2017. Ulusal Gida Kompozisyon Veri Tabanı. www.turkomp.gov.tr/food/376 (Access Date: 07.06. 2017).
  • Ayaz, A. F., H. Torun, H. R. Glew, D. Z. Bak, T. L. Chuang, M. J. Presley, and R. Andrews. 2009. Nutrient content of carob pod (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour prepared commercially and domestically. Plant Food and Human Nutrition 64: 286-292.
  • Barak, S., and D. Mudgil. 2014. Locust bean gum: processing, properties and food applications: A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 66: 74-80.
  • Battle, T., and J. Tous. 1997. Carob Tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.): Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops 17, International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Via Dele Sette Chiese 142, 00145 Rome, Italy, 91p.
  • Çağlar, A., N. Erol, and S. M. Elgün. 2013. Effect of carob flour substitution on chemical and functional properties of tarhana. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 37: 670-675.
  • Camero, B. M., and C. S. Merino. 2004. Method of obtaining D-pinitol from carob extracts. U.S Patent No 6, 699, 511 B2. Chul-Shin, Y., Y. J. Jeon, and J. J. Kim. 2003. Method of recovering pinitol or chiro inositol in high yield from soy fractions. U. S. Patent No 0186401 A1.
  • Davis, A., M. Christiansen, J. F. Horowitz, K. M. Hellerstein, and E. R. Ostlund. 2000. Effect of pinitol treatment on insulin action in subjects with insulin resistance. Diabetes Care 23: 1000-1005.
  • Do, Q. M. K. 2007. Isolation and physiological activities of pinitol in Lespedeza Cuneata. Master’s Thesis, Korea.
  • Ferguson, L. R. 2005. Does a diet rich in dietary fibre really reduce the risk of colon cancer? Digestive and Liver Disease 37: 139-141.
  • Hassanein, K., M., A., M. K. E. Youssef, H. M. Ali, and M. M. El-Manfaloty. 2015. The influence of carob powder on lipid profile and histopathology of some organs in rats. Comperative Clinical Pathology 24: 1509-1513.
  • Ichimura, K., K. Kohata, K. Koketsu, M. Shimamura, and A. Ito. 1998. Identification of Pinitol as a main sugar constituent and changes in its content during flower bud development in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Journal of Plant Physiology 152: 363-367.
  • Karhan, M., H. Gubbuk, İ. Turhan, H. R. Öziyci, H. Akgül, K. Uçgun. 2010. Türkiye’de yetişen keçiboynuzu (Ceratonia siliqua L.) tiplerinin biyoaktif birmolekülolan D-pinitol içeriği üzerine çevre koşulları ve bileşim unsurlarının etkisi. TÜBİTAK Projesi Proje No: 107O650.
  • Karkacıer, M., Artık, N., 1995. Keçiboynuzunun (Ceratonia siliqua) fiziksel özellikleri, kimyasal bileşimi ve ekstraksiyon koşulları. Gıda 20: 131-136.
  • Kim, J.I., Kim, J.C., Kang, M.J., Lee, M.S., Kim, J.J., Cha, I.J., 2005. Effects of Pinitol isolated from soybeans on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59: 456-458.
  • Klenow, S., Glei, M. 2009. New insight into the influence of carob extract and gallic acid on hemin induced modulation of HT29 cell growth parameters. Toxicology In Vitro 23: 1055-1061.
  • Klenow, S., Glei, M., Haber, B., Owen, R., Pool-Zobel, B.L., 2008. Carob fiber compounds modulate parameters of cell growth differently in human HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells than in LT97 colon adenoma cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46 (4): 1389-1397.
  • Klenow, S., Jahns, F., Pool-Zobel, L. B., Glei, M.,2009. Does an extract of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) have chemopreventive potential related to oxidative stress and drug metabolism in humancolon cells? Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57: 2999-3004.
  • Köksel, H., Özboy, Ö., 1993. Besinsel liflerin insan sağlığındaki rolü. Gıda 18 (5): 309-314.
  • Kumazawa, S., Taniguchi, M., Suzuki, Y., Shimura, M., Kwon, M., Nakayama, T., 2002. Antioxidant activity of polyphenols in carob. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 50: 373- 377
  • Nasar-Abbas, M. S., Z. Huma, Vu, K. M. Khan, H. Esbenshade, and V. Jayasena. 2016. Carob kibble: a bioactive - rich food ingredient. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 15: 63-72.
  • Nestler, J. E., J. D. Jakubowicz, P. Reamer, R. D. Gunn, and G. Allan. 1999. Ovulatory and metabolic effects of D-chiro-inositol the polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England Journal of Magazine 340: 1314-1320.
  • Ortmeyer, H., L. Huang, L. Zhang, and B. Hansen. 1992. Chiro inositol deficiency and insulin resistance: Acute effects of D-chiroinositol administration in streptozotocin- diabetic rats, normal rats given a glucose lead, and spontaneously insulin resistant rhesus monkeys. Endocrinology 132: 646-651.
  • Ostlund, R. E., and W. R. Sherman. 1996. Pinitol and derivatives thereof for the treatment of metabolic disorders. U.S. Patent No: 5, 550, 166.
  • Owen, R. W., R. Haubner, W. E. Hull, G. Erben, B. Spiegelhalder, and H. Bartsch. 2003. Isolation and elucidation of the major individual polyphenols in carob fiber. Food and Chemical Toxicology 41: 1727-1738.
  • Pazır, F. ve Y. Alper. 2016. Keçiboynuzu (Ceratonia siliqua L.) meyvesi ve sağlık. Akademik Gıda 14 (3): 333-333.
  • Ruiz-Roso, B., J. C. Quintela, E. Fuente, and L. Perez- Olleros. 2010. Insoluble carob fiber rich in polyphenols lowers total and LDL cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Plant Foods Human Nutrition 65: 50-56.
  • Rosa, C. S., K. Tessele, R. C. Prestes, M. Silveira, and F. Franco. 2015. Effect of substituting of cocoa powder for carob flour in cakes made with soy and banana flours. International Food Research Journal 22 (5): 2111-2118.
  • Santos, L. M., T. L. Tulio, F. L., Campos, R. M. Dorneles, and C. C. H. Krüger. 2015. Glycemic response to carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) in healthy subjects and with the in vitro hydrolysis index. Nutr. Host. 31 (1): 482-487.
  • Sęczyk, L., M. Świeca, and U. Gawlik-Dziki. 2016. Effect of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour on the antioxidant potential, nutritional quality, and sensory characteristics of fortified durum wheat pasta. Food Chemistry 194 (1): 637 642.
  • Tsatsaragkou, K., I. Gounaropoulos, and I. Mandala. 2014. Development of gluten free bread containing carob flour and resistant starch. Food Science and Technology 58: 124-129.
  • Tsatsaragkou, K., S. Yiannopoulos, A. Kontogiorgi, E. Poulli, M. Krokida, and I. Mandala. 2012. Mathematical approach of structural and textural properties of gluten free bread enriched with carob flour. Journal of Cereal Science 56: 603- 609.
  • Yousif, A., K., and H. M. Alghzawi. 2000. Processing and characterization of carob powder. Food Chemistry 69: 283-287.

Carob Bean (Ceratonia siliqua L.) and Its Products

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1, 108 - 112, 15.05.2018

Öz

ABSTRACT:
Carob bean (Ceratonia siliqua L.) can be seen in Mediterranean climate
regions. Carob fruit has high amounts of nutrients such as sugars, minerals and
phenolic compounds. Main idea of consuming carob is to take energy from
a natural source. Furthermore, carob is also used for producing some commercial
products. Flour (powder), syrup, locust bean gum and d-pinitol are the
examples. Carob flour produced from deseeded carob by roasting and grinding. It
is a substituent of cacao in food industry. In Turkey, carob bean consumed as
carob syrup the most. It is a traditional product obtained by extraction and
evaporation respectively. Locust bean gum is a food additive and produced from
seeds. D-pinitol is a bioactive compound and there are many researches about
the effect of D-pinitol on diabetes and some cancer types. In the world, there
is an increase in some nutrition originated diseases. For preventing this,
nutritional habits should include unrefined energy sources. Carob is an option
for taking unrefined sugar, minerals and phenolic compounds at once. The aim of
this review is to gather different information about carob and its products and
form a source for further researches.




Kaynakça

  • Anderson, A. B. 1952. Pinitol from sugar pines tumpwood. Ind. Eng. Chem. 45: 593-596.
  • Anderson, W. J., P. Baird, H. R. Davis Jr., S. Ferreri, M. Knudtson, A. Koraym, V. Waters, and L. C. Williams. 2009. Health benefits of dietary fiber. Nutrition Reviews 67 (4): 88-205.
  • Alper, Y. 2016. Keçiboynuzu (Ceratonia siliqua L.) meyvesinden süperkritik karbondioksit (CO2) ekstraksiyonu ile d-pinitol eldesi. Yüksek lisans tezi. E. Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı Bornova- İzmir.
  • Anonim. 2017. Ulusal Gida Kompozisyon Veri Tabanı. www.turkomp.gov.tr/food/376 (Access Date: 07.06. 2017).
  • Ayaz, A. F., H. Torun, H. R. Glew, D. Z. Bak, T. L. Chuang, M. J. Presley, and R. Andrews. 2009. Nutrient content of carob pod (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour prepared commercially and domestically. Plant Food and Human Nutrition 64: 286-292.
  • Barak, S., and D. Mudgil. 2014. Locust bean gum: processing, properties and food applications: A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 66: 74-80.
  • Battle, T., and J. Tous. 1997. Carob Tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.): Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops 17, International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Via Dele Sette Chiese 142, 00145 Rome, Italy, 91p.
  • Çağlar, A., N. Erol, and S. M. Elgün. 2013. Effect of carob flour substitution on chemical and functional properties of tarhana. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 37: 670-675.
  • Camero, B. M., and C. S. Merino. 2004. Method of obtaining D-pinitol from carob extracts. U.S Patent No 6, 699, 511 B2. Chul-Shin, Y., Y. J. Jeon, and J. J. Kim. 2003. Method of recovering pinitol or chiro inositol in high yield from soy fractions. U. S. Patent No 0186401 A1.
  • Davis, A., M. Christiansen, J. F. Horowitz, K. M. Hellerstein, and E. R. Ostlund. 2000. Effect of pinitol treatment on insulin action in subjects with insulin resistance. Diabetes Care 23: 1000-1005.
  • Do, Q. M. K. 2007. Isolation and physiological activities of pinitol in Lespedeza Cuneata. Master’s Thesis, Korea.
  • Ferguson, L. R. 2005. Does a diet rich in dietary fibre really reduce the risk of colon cancer? Digestive and Liver Disease 37: 139-141.
  • Hassanein, K., M., A., M. K. E. Youssef, H. M. Ali, and M. M. El-Manfaloty. 2015. The influence of carob powder on lipid profile and histopathology of some organs in rats. Comperative Clinical Pathology 24: 1509-1513.
  • Ichimura, K., K. Kohata, K. Koketsu, M. Shimamura, and A. Ito. 1998. Identification of Pinitol as a main sugar constituent and changes in its content during flower bud development in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Journal of Plant Physiology 152: 363-367.
  • Karhan, M., H. Gubbuk, İ. Turhan, H. R. Öziyci, H. Akgül, K. Uçgun. 2010. Türkiye’de yetişen keçiboynuzu (Ceratonia siliqua L.) tiplerinin biyoaktif birmolekülolan D-pinitol içeriği üzerine çevre koşulları ve bileşim unsurlarının etkisi. TÜBİTAK Projesi Proje No: 107O650.
  • Karkacıer, M., Artık, N., 1995. Keçiboynuzunun (Ceratonia siliqua) fiziksel özellikleri, kimyasal bileşimi ve ekstraksiyon koşulları. Gıda 20: 131-136.
  • Kim, J.I., Kim, J.C., Kang, M.J., Lee, M.S., Kim, J.J., Cha, I.J., 2005. Effects of Pinitol isolated from soybeans on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59: 456-458.
  • Klenow, S., Glei, M. 2009. New insight into the influence of carob extract and gallic acid on hemin induced modulation of HT29 cell growth parameters. Toxicology In Vitro 23: 1055-1061.
  • Klenow, S., Glei, M., Haber, B., Owen, R., Pool-Zobel, B.L., 2008. Carob fiber compounds modulate parameters of cell growth differently in human HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells than in LT97 colon adenoma cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46 (4): 1389-1397.
  • Klenow, S., Jahns, F., Pool-Zobel, L. B., Glei, M.,2009. Does an extract of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) have chemopreventive potential related to oxidative stress and drug metabolism in humancolon cells? Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57: 2999-3004.
  • Köksel, H., Özboy, Ö., 1993. Besinsel liflerin insan sağlığındaki rolü. Gıda 18 (5): 309-314.
  • Kumazawa, S., Taniguchi, M., Suzuki, Y., Shimura, M., Kwon, M., Nakayama, T., 2002. Antioxidant activity of polyphenols in carob. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 50: 373- 377
  • Nasar-Abbas, M. S., Z. Huma, Vu, K. M. Khan, H. Esbenshade, and V. Jayasena. 2016. Carob kibble: a bioactive - rich food ingredient. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 15: 63-72.
  • Nestler, J. E., J. D. Jakubowicz, P. Reamer, R. D. Gunn, and G. Allan. 1999. Ovulatory and metabolic effects of D-chiro-inositol the polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England Journal of Magazine 340: 1314-1320.
  • Ortmeyer, H., L. Huang, L. Zhang, and B. Hansen. 1992. Chiro inositol deficiency and insulin resistance: Acute effects of D-chiroinositol administration in streptozotocin- diabetic rats, normal rats given a glucose lead, and spontaneously insulin resistant rhesus monkeys. Endocrinology 132: 646-651.
  • Ostlund, R. E., and W. R. Sherman. 1996. Pinitol and derivatives thereof for the treatment of metabolic disorders. U.S. Patent No: 5, 550, 166.
  • Owen, R. W., R. Haubner, W. E. Hull, G. Erben, B. Spiegelhalder, and H. Bartsch. 2003. Isolation and elucidation of the major individual polyphenols in carob fiber. Food and Chemical Toxicology 41: 1727-1738.
  • Pazır, F. ve Y. Alper. 2016. Keçiboynuzu (Ceratonia siliqua L.) meyvesi ve sağlık. Akademik Gıda 14 (3): 333-333.
  • Ruiz-Roso, B., J. C. Quintela, E. Fuente, and L. Perez- Olleros. 2010. Insoluble carob fiber rich in polyphenols lowers total and LDL cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Plant Foods Human Nutrition 65: 50-56.
  • Rosa, C. S., K. Tessele, R. C. Prestes, M. Silveira, and F. Franco. 2015. Effect of substituting of cocoa powder for carob flour in cakes made with soy and banana flours. International Food Research Journal 22 (5): 2111-2118.
  • Santos, L. M., T. L. Tulio, F. L., Campos, R. M. Dorneles, and C. C. H. Krüger. 2015. Glycemic response to carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) in healthy subjects and with the in vitro hydrolysis index. Nutr. Host. 31 (1): 482-487.
  • Sęczyk, L., M. Świeca, and U. Gawlik-Dziki. 2016. Effect of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour on the antioxidant potential, nutritional quality, and sensory characteristics of fortified durum wheat pasta. Food Chemistry 194 (1): 637 642.
  • Tsatsaragkou, K., I. Gounaropoulos, and I. Mandala. 2014. Development of gluten free bread containing carob flour and resistant starch. Food Science and Technology 58: 124-129.
  • Tsatsaragkou, K., S. Yiannopoulos, A. Kontogiorgi, E. Poulli, M. Krokida, and I. Mandala. 2012. Mathematical approach of structural and textural properties of gluten free bread enriched with carob flour. Journal of Cereal Science 56: 603- 609.
  • Yousif, A., K., and H. M. Alghzawi. 2000. Processing and characterization of carob powder. Food Chemistry 69: 283-287.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Fikret Pazır Bu kişi benim

Yuksel Alper Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mayıs 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Haziran 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Pazır, F., & Alper, Y. (2018). Carob Bean (Ceratonia siliqua L.) and Its Products. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28(1), 108-112.
AMA Pazır F, Alper Y. Carob Bean (Ceratonia siliqua L.) and Its Products. ANADOLU. Mayıs 2018;28(1):108-112.
Chicago Pazır, Fikret, ve Yuksel Alper. “Carob Bean (Ceratonia Siliqua L.) and Its Products”. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 28, sy. 1 (Mayıs 2018): 108-12.
EndNote Pazır F, Alper Y (01 Mayıs 2018) Carob Bean (Ceratonia siliqua L.) and Its Products. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 28 1 108–112.
IEEE F. Pazır ve Y. Alper, “Carob Bean (Ceratonia siliqua L.) and Its Products”, ANADOLU, c. 28, sy. 1, ss. 108–112, 2018.
ISNAD Pazır, Fikret - Alper, Yuksel. “Carob Bean (Ceratonia Siliqua L.) and Its Products”. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 28/1 (Mayıs 2018), 108-112.
JAMA Pazır F, Alper Y. Carob Bean (Ceratonia siliqua L.) and Its Products. ANADOLU. 2018;28:108–112.
MLA Pazır, Fikret ve Yuksel Alper. “Carob Bean (Ceratonia Siliqua L.) and Its Products”. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 28, sy. 1, 2018, ss. 108-12.
Vancouver Pazır F, Alper Y. Carob Bean (Ceratonia siliqua L.) and Its Products. ANADOLU. 2018;28(1):108-12.
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