Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Hatay’ın Geleneksel Toplayıcılık Yoluyla Elde Edilen Baharat, Sos ve Yumurta Boyama Bitkileri: Gelenekselin Ticarete Taşınması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2, 237 - 258, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1300161

Öz

Bu çalışmada, UNESCO tarafından Yaratıcı Gastronomi Şehri olarak listelenen Hatay (Türkiye) mutfağında, geleneksel olarak, genelde yabandan, toplayıcılık yoluyla elde edilen çeşni ve renk verici bitkiler araştırılmış ve baharat, sos veya çeşitli inançsal ritüellerde yumurta boyası olarak kullanılan 68 yerli bitki türü derlenmiştir. Laurus nobilis ve Thymbra spicata gibi bazıları, yüksek kültürel değerlerinden dolayı, doğadan yoğun bir şekilde toplanagelmişlerdir. Thymbra spicata, gastronomi turizminin de etkisiyle artan talep nedeniyle tarım yoluyla da elde edilmeye başlanmış, hatta son yıllarda Hatay/Antakya'nın önemli tarım ürünlerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Bu gelişme, türün doğal populasyonları üzerindeki baskıyı azaltırken ekonomik değerini arttırmıştır. Bu, geleneksel olarak, toplayıcılık yoluyla elde edilen fakat tarıma ve yerel ekonomiye kazandırılabilecek alternatif tarım ürünlerine başarılı bir örnektir. Çeşitli etnik dinsel toplulukların bahar bayramlarında kullanılan yumurta boyama bitkileri gibi bazı bitkiler, Antakya'nın kendine özgü dini ve kültürel uygulamalarında kullanılmaktadır. Melilotus türlerinin ekmek baharatı olarak, Laser trilobum'un yöresel yemeklerde baharat olarak ve Pistacia türlerinin zahter karışımlarında, ayrıca “kişk” adı verilen yerel çorbalarda çeşni verici olarak kullanılması ya da gibi literatürde yer almayan ve sadece Hatay’dan tespit edilen 13 orijinal bitki kullanımı da sunulmuştur. Ekşi sos olarak kullanılan yabani bitkilerin çeşitliliği ve bunların eskiden, günümüzde mutfak kültüründe hakim durumda bulunan domates soslarına alternatif olarak kullanıldığının belirtilmesi, mutfak kültürünün zaman içerisinde geçirdiği değişimi göstermesi bakımından ilginçtir. Hatay, 6 Şubat 2023 depreminde en çok yıkıma uğrayan il olmuştur. Depremin hemen öncesinde yazılan bu makalenin, şehrin yeniden inşasında sosyoekonomik açıdan yol gösterici olacağını umuyoruz. Bu bilgilerin derlendiği kişilerin bazıları ne yazık ki depremde yitirilmiştir, önemli bir kısmı da yıkılan şehirden zorunlu olarak göç etmiştir. Bu durum, etnobotanik bilgisinin yitirilmeden derlenmesi gerektiğine çarpıcı bir örnektir.

Kaynakça

  • Aburjai, T., M. Hudaib, R. Tayyem, M. Yousef, and M. Qishawi. 2007. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal herbs in Jordan, the Ajloun Heights region. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 110: 294-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.09.031
  • Ahmed, D., S. Younas, and Q.M.A. Mughal. 2014. Study of alpha-amylase and urease inhibitory activities of Melilotus indicus (Linn.) All. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 27: 57-61.
  • Anonymous, 2006. International Society of Ethnobiology Code of Ethics (with 2008 additions). http://ethnobiology.net/code-of-ethics/
  • Asowata-Ayodele, A. M., A. J. Afolayan, and G. A. Otunola. 2016. Ethnobotanical survey of culinary herbs and spices used in the traditional medicinal system of Nkonkobe Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany, 104:69-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2016.01.001
  • Bharali, P., M. Sharma, C. L. Sharma, and B. Singh. 2017. Ethnobotanical survey of spices and condiments used by some tribes of Arunachal Pradesh. Journal of Medicinal Plant Studies. 5:101-9. https://doi.org/ 10.7439/ijasr.v3i1.3843
  • Bower, A., S. Marquez, and E. G. de Mejia. 2016. The health benefits of selected culinary herbs and spices found in the traditional Mediterranean diet. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 56: 2728-2746. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2013.805713
  • Cengiz, A.K., Ş. Can, Ş. Mimaroğlu. 2016. It Is not just an egg: Play, influence and power among Arab communities in Samandağ Hatay. Asos Journal: The Journal of Academic Social Science. 4: 295-313. https://doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.1269
  • Demir, A. 2016. Çağlar İçinde Antakya. Dafne kitap.
  • DOGAKA. 2022. Hatay Gastronomy Strategy and Action Plan for 2021-2023 Report, Eastern Mediterranean Development Agency and The Ministry of Industry and Technology of Repuplic of Turkey. 55 p. Available at https://www.kalkinmakutuphanesi.gov.tr/assets/upload/dosyalar/dogaka _hataygaststrplanweb.pdf (22 April 2022). Güzel, Y., and M. Güzelşemme. 2018. Wild plants used as herbal tea in Antakya and Defne provinces of Hatay. Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28: 1-5.
  • Güzel, Y., M. Güzelşemme, and M. Miski. 2015. Ethnobotany of medicinal plants used in Antakya: A multicultural district in Hatay Province of Turkey. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 174: 118-152. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.042
  • Iwas, M. Z. I. 2008. The Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch at A Glance. Damaskus: Bab Touma Press House.
  • Khalil, M., G. R. Caponio, F. Diab, H. Shanmugam, A. Di Ciaula, H. Khalifeh, L. Vergani, M. Calasso, M. Angelis, and P. Portincasa. 2022. Unraveling the beneficial effects of herbal Lebanese mixture "Za'atar". History, studies, and properties of a potential healthy food ingredient. Journal of Functional Foods, 90: 104993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2022.104993
  • Motti, R. 2021. Wild plants used as herbs and spices in Italy: An ethnobotanical review. Plants. 10: 563. https:// doi.org/10.3390/plants10030563
  • Navia, Z. I., D. Audira, N. Afifah, K. Turnip, N. Nuraini, and A. B. Suwardi, 2020. Ethnobotanical investigation of spice and condiment plants used by the Taming tribe in Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas. Journal of Biological Diversity, 21: https://doi.org/ 10.13057/ biodiv/d211001
  • Phillips, O., A. H. Gentry, C. Reynel, P. Wilkin, and B, C. Gálvez‐Durand. 1994. Quantitative ethnobotany and Amazonian conservation. Conservation biology, 8: 225-248. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994. 08010225.x
  • The Plant List. 2022. A working list of all plant species. www.theplantlist.org (22 April 2022).
  • TUIK. 2022. Turkish Statistical Institute, https://www. tuik.gov.tr/ (22 April 2022).
  • UNESCO, 2017. Hatay. Creative Cities Network. Available at https://en.unesco. org/creative-cities/hatay.
  • Yipel, M., F. A., Yipel, I. O. Tekeli, and Y. Güzel. 2017. Ethnoveterinary uses of medicinal plants in Mediterranean district, Turkey. Revista de Chimie-Bucharest, 68: 411-416. https://doi.org/10.37358/ RC.17.2.5465

Traditional Foraged Spice, Sauce, and Egg-Painting Plants of Hatay, Türkiye: Bringing the Traditional into Commerce

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2, 237 - 258, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1300161

Öz

In the province of Hatay in Turkey, which has been added to the UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy list in recent years and has made significant progress in gastronomy tourism, answers were sought to the following questions: What kinds of change have these developments caused in traditional foraging spice/sauce uses? In the 21st century, is it still possible to introduce new herbal products from the wild into agriculture? What effects does the multi-ethnic structure have on the traditional use of spices/sauces/food coloring plants? How have the uses of spices and sauces changed over the years? In addition, what level of spice/sauce variety was obtained by foraging in this Eastern Mediterranean province? Some spices, e.g., Thymbra spicata, which were supplied by foraging, have started to be obtained through agriculture due to the increasing demand following the city's entry into the UNESCO gastronomy cities list, and have become an important income source for the city. These plants, which are brought into agriculture from the local flora, are also important as alternative agricultural products that can be easily grown with minimum agricultural input in the climate and therefore water crisis conditions our world is facing. Some unique plant usages presented here, e.g., egg painting plants used by spring fests of various ethnoreligious populations, show how different ethnoreligious populations can affect each other when living in harmony for centuries.
Hatay was the province that suffered the most destruction in the earthquake of February 6, 2023. We hope that this article, written just before the earthquake, will provide socio-economic guidance in the rebuilding of the city.

Kaynakça

  • Aburjai, T., M. Hudaib, R. Tayyem, M. Yousef, and M. Qishawi. 2007. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal herbs in Jordan, the Ajloun Heights region. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 110: 294-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.09.031
  • Ahmed, D., S. Younas, and Q.M.A. Mughal. 2014. Study of alpha-amylase and urease inhibitory activities of Melilotus indicus (Linn.) All. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 27: 57-61.
  • Anonymous, 2006. International Society of Ethnobiology Code of Ethics (with 2008 additions). http://ethnobiology.net/code-of-ethics/
  • Asowata-Ayodele, A. M., A. J. Afolayan, and G. A. Otunola. 2016. Ethnobotanical survey of culinary herbs and spices used in the traditional medicinal system of Nkonkobe Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany, 104:69-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2016.01.001
  • Bharali, P., M. Sharma, C. L. Sharma, and B. Singh. 2017. Ethnobotanical survey of spices and condiments used by some tribes of Arunachal Pradesh. Journal of Medicinal Plant Studies. 5:101-9. https://doi.org/ 10.7439/ijasr.v3i1.3843
  • Bower, A., S. Marquez, and E. G. de Mejia. 2016. The health benefits of selected culinary herbs and spices found in the traditional Mediterranean diet. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 56: 2728-2746. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2013.805713
  • Cengiz, A.K., Ş. Can, Ş. Mimaroğlu. 2016. It Is not just an egg: Play, influence and power among Arab communities in Samandağ Hatay. Asos Journal: The Journal of Academic Social Science. 4: 295-313. https://doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.1269
  • Demir, A. 2016. Çağlar İçinde Antakya. Dafne kitap.
  • DOGAKA. 2022. Hatay Gastronomy Strategy and Action Plan for 2021-2023 Report, Eastern Mediterranean Development Agency and The Ministry of Industry and Technology of Repuplic of Turkey. 55 p. Available at https://www.kalkinmakutuphanesi.gov.tr/assets/upload/dosyalar/dogaka _hataygaststrplanweb.pdf (22 April 2022). Güzel, Y., and M. Güzelşemme. 2018. Wild plants used as herbal tea in Antakya and Defne provinces of Hatay. Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28: 1-5.
  • Güzel, Y., M. Güzelşemme, and M. Miski. 2015. Ethnobotany of medicinal plants used in Antakya: A multicultural district in Hatay Province of Turkey. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 174: 118-152. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.042
  • Iwas, M. Z. I. 2008. The Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch at A Glance. Damaskus: Bab Touma Press House.
  • Khalil, M., G. R. Caponio, F. Diab, H. Shanmugam, A. Di Ciaula, H. Khalifeh, L. Vergani, M. Calasso, M. Angelis, and P. Portincasa. 2022. Unraveling the beneficial effects of herbal Lebanese mixture "Za'atar". History, studies, and properties of a potential healthy food ingredient. Journal of Functional Foods, 90: 104993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2022.104993
  • Motti, R. 2021. Wild plants used as herbs and spices in Italy: An ethnobotanical review. Plants. 10: 563. https:// doi.org/10.3390/plants10030563
  • Navia, Z. I., D. Audira, N. Afifah, K. Turnip, N. Nuraini, and A. B. Suwardi, 2020. Ethnobotanical investigation of spice and condiment plants used by the Taming tribe in Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas. Journal of Biological Diversity, 21: https://doi.org/ 10.13057/ biodiv/d211001
  • Phillips, O., A. H. Gentry, C. Reynel, P. Wilkin, and B, C. Gálvez‐Durand. 1994. Quantitative ethnobotany and Amazonian conservation. Conservation biology, 8: 225-248. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994. 08010225.x
  • The Plant List. 2022. A working list of all plant species. www.theplantlist.org (22 April 2022).
  • TUIK. 2022. Turkish Statistical Institute, https://www. tuik.gov.tr/ (22 April 2022).
  • UNESCO, 2017. Hatay. Creative Cities Network. Available at https://en.unesco. org/creative-cities/hatay.
  • Yipel, M., F. A., Yipel, I. O. Tekeli, and Y. Güzel. 2017. Ethnoveterinary uses of medicinal plants in Mediterranean district, Turkey. Revista de Chimie-Bucharest, 68: 411-416. https://doi.org/10.37358/ RC.17.2.5465
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yelda Güzel 0000-0002-7975-3130

Samim Kayıkçı 0000-0002-2722-9847

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Güzel, Y., & Kayıkçı, S. (2023). Traditional Foraged Spice, Sauce, and Egg-Painting Plants of Hatay, Türkiye: Bringing the Traditional into Commerce. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 33(2), 237-258. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1300161
AMA Güzel Y, Kayıkçı S. Traditional Foraged Spice, Sauce, and Egg-Painting Plants of Hatay, Türkiye: Bringing the Traditional into Commerce. ANADOLU. Aralık 2023;33(2):237-258. doi:10.18615/anadolu.1300161
Chicago Güzel, Yelda, ve Samim Kayıkçı. “Traditional Foraged Spice, Sauce, and Egg-Painting Plants of Hatay, Türkiye: Bringing the Traditional into Commerce”. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 33, sy. 2 (Aralık 2023): 237-58. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1300161.
EndNote Güzel Y, Kayıkçı S (01 Aralık 2023) Traditional Foraged Spice, Sauce, and Egg-Painting Plants of Hatay, Türkiye: Bringing the Traditional into Commerce. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 33 2 237–258.
IEEE Y. Güzel ve S. Kayıkçı, “Traditional Foraged Spice, Sauce, and Egg-Painting Plants of Hatay, Türkiye: Bringing the Traditional into Commerce”, ANADOLU, c. 33, sy. 2, ss. 237–258, 2023, doi: 10.18615/anadolu.1300161.
ISNAD Güzel, Yelda - Kayıkçı, Samim. “Traditional Foraged Spice, Sauce, and Egg-Painting Plants of Hatay, Türkiye: Bringing the Traditional into Commerce”. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 33/2 (Aralık 2023), 237-258. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1300161.
JAMA Güzel Y, Kayıkçı S. Traditional Foraged Spice, Sauce, and Egg-Painting Plants of Hatay, Türkiye: Bringing the Traditional into Commerce. ANADOLU. 2023;33:237–258.
MLA Güzel, Yelda ve Samim Kayıkçı. “Traditional Foraged Spice, Sauce, and Egg-Painting Plants of Hatay, Türkiye: Bringing the Traditional into Commerce”. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 33, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 237-58, doi:10.18615/anadolu.1300161.
Vancouver Güzel Y, Kayıkçı S. Traditional Foraged Spice, Sauce, and Egg-Painting Plants of Hatay, Türkiye: Bringing the Traditional into Commerce. ANADOLU. 2023;33(2):237-58.
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