Araştırma Makalesi
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The quality and reliability of Turkish websites in Google containing information about amputation rehabilitation in the shadow of the earthquake disaster

Yıl 2023, , 266 - 275, 28.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.1282353

Öz

Aim: Health-related online information has become an important part of patient education. In this context, we aimed to examine the information content, readability, reliability, and quality levels of websites that provide online information about amputee rehabilitation.

Methods: On April 1–7, 2023, all websites scanned by typing “amputee rehabilitation” into the Google search engine were examined. The websites are divided into two groups (group 1= hospitals, universities, health-related associations, and other official institutions; group 2= health professionals, news websites, and others) according to the creator of the websites. The information content was determined according to nine sub-topics in line with the online education programs of the Disaster Rehabilitation Working Group of the Turkish Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Association and the relevant literature. According to the readability formula of Ateşman and Bezirci-Yilmaz, reliability and quality assessments were made with the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) score, the DISCERN scale, the Global Quality Score (GQS), and the Physician’s Global Quality Score (PGQS).

Results: 109 websites were scanned, and 20 websites were included in the study, 12 (60%) in group 1 and 8 (40%) in group 2. The median of information content was 2,3 (0–7), and none of the websites had full information content. The median of the Ateşman value is 41,1 (29,5–53,0), which is difficult to read; the Bezirci-Yilmaz value was readable at the undergraduate level with a median of 15,5 (9,4–21,6). The JAMA score was 0,8 (0-3) and almost all (95%) of the websites were found to be low reliable (JAMA score ≤ 2). The DISCERN score was of very poor quality, with a median of 23,55 (16–34). GQS was 1,95 (1-3), and PGQS was 1.7 (1-3) with low quality. There was no difference between the groups or between the first two pages and the remaining pages.

Conclusion: Turkish websites providing information about amputee rehabilitation are very inadequate in terms of content, difficult to read, poor quality, and unreliable. Within the framework of these data, reliable and comprehensible online information on this subject should be provided with the necessary support of health-related public or private institutions and experienced health professionals. To be prepared for future natural disasters, health policies aiming to provide quality information online to inform the public should be developed.

Kaynakça

  • Lo J, Chan L, Flynn S. A systematic review of the incidence, prevalence, costs, and activity and work limitations of amputation, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, back pain, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, stroke, and traumatic brain injury in the United States: A 2019 update. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2021;102(1):115-31.
  • Varma P, Stineman MG, Dillingham TR. Epidemiology of limb loss. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2014;25(1):1-8.
  • Dillingham TR, Pezzin LE, MacKenzie EJ. Limb amputation and limb deficiency: epidemiology and recent trends in the United States. South Med J. 2002;95(8):875-83.
  • Esquenazi A, DiGiacomo R. Rehabilitation after amputation. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2001;91(1):13-22.
  • Demir Y, Aydemir K. Gülhane lower extremity amputee rehabilitation protocol: A nationwide, 123-year experience. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;66(4):373-82.
  • Wang Q, Chen C, Zhang S, et al. Pain issues in the victims with lower-limb amputation: 10 years after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Disabil Rehabil. 2022;44(8):1346-53.
  • Wang F, Zhang R, Zhang J, et al. Effects of mirror therapy on phantom limb sensation and phantom limb pain in amputees: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Rehabil. 2021;35(12):1710-21.
  • Spyrou JM, Minns Lowe C. An exploration of specialist clinicians’ experiences and beliefs about inpatient amputee rehabilitation as a pathway option for adult primary amputees. Disabil Rehabil. 2022;44(22):6710-21.
  • Gailey R, Gaunaurd I, Raya M, Kirk-Sanchez N, Prieto-Sanchez LM, Roach K. Effectiveness of an evidence-based amputee rehabilitation program: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther. 2020;100(5):773-87.
  • B.Ü. Kandilli rasathanesi ve deprem araştırma enstitüsü (KRDAE) bölgesel deprem-tsunami İzleme ve değerlendirme merkezi (BDTİM), 06 şubat 2023 Sofalaca-Şehitkamil- Gaziantep; Ekinözü-Kahramanmaraş ve 20 şubat 2023 Hatay depremleri ön değerlendirme raporu. Accessed date: 09.04.2023, http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/sismo/2/06-subat-20-subat-2023-depremlerine-ait-on-degerlendirme-raporu/
  • 2023 Kahramanmaraş depremleri. Accessed date: 07.04.2023, https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Kahramanmara%C5%9F_depremleri.
  • Prof. Dr. Coşkun: Depremzedeler için çok ciddi miktarda protez ihtiyacı doğacak. Accessed date: 30.03.2023, https://medimagazin.com.tr/guncel/prof-dr-coskun-depremzedeler-icin-cok-ciddi-miktarda-protez-ihtiyaci-dogacak-104576.
  • Balatsoukas P, Kennedy CM, Buchan I, Powell J, Ainsworth J. The role of social network technologies in online health promotion: a narrative review of theoretical and empirical factors influencing intervention effectiveness. J Med Internet Res. 2015;17(6):e141.
  • Kirazlı Y, Atamaz Çalış F, El Ö, et al. Updated approach for the management of osteoporosis in Turkey: a consensus report. Arch Osteoporos. 2020;15(1):137.
  • Paakkari L, Okan O. COVID-19: health literacy is an underestimated problem. Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(5):e249-e250.
  • Daraz L, Morrow AS, Ponce OJ, et al. Can patients trust online health information? a meta-narrative systematic review addressing the quality of health information on the internet. J Gen Intern Med. 2019;34(9):1884-91.
  • Bergmo TS, Sandsdalen V, Manskow US, Småbrekke L, Waaseth M. Internet use for obtaining medicine information: cross-sectional survey. JMIR Form Res. 2023;7:e40466.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Hanehalkı bilişim teknolojileri (BT) kullanım araştırması, 2022. Accessed date: 01.04.2023, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2022-45587.
  • Yurdakul OV, Kilicoglu MS, Bagcier F. Evaluating the reliability and readability of online information on osteoporosis. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2021;65(1):85-92.
  • Türkiye arama motorları pazar payı: 12 aylık trend. Accessed date: 30.03.2023 https://www.similarweb.com/tr/engines/turkey/
  • Türkiye Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Derneği, Afet Rehabilitasyon Çalışma Grubu, Online Eğitim Programı-1. Accessed date: 30.03.2023, https://www.tftr.org.tr/afet-rehabilitasyonu-calisma-grubu-online-egitim-programi.
  • Silberg WM, Lundberg GD, Musacchio RA. Assessing, controlling, and assuring the quality of medical information on the Internet: Caveant lector et viewor--Let the reader and viewer beware. JAMA. 1997;277(15):1244-5.
  • Ateşman E. Türkçede okunabilirliğin ölçülmesi. Dil Dergisi.1997;58:171–74.
  • Bezirci B, Yılmaz A. A software library for measurement of readability of texts and a new readability metric for Turkish. DEÜ FMD. 2010;12(3):49-62.
  • Charnock D, Shepperd S, Needham G, Gann R. DISCERN: an instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information on treatment choices. J Epidemiol. Community Health. 1999;53(2):105-11.
  • Śledzińska P, Bebyn MG, Furtak J. Quality of youtube videos on meningioma treatment using the DISCERN instrument. World Neurosurg. 2021;153:e179-e186.
  • Boyer C, Gaudinat A, Hanbury A, et al. Accessing reliable health information on the web: A review of the HON approach. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2017;245:1004-1008.
  • Bernard A, Langille M, Hughes S, Rose C, Leddin D, Veldhuyzen van Zanten S. A systematic review of patient inflammatory bowel disease information resources on the World Wide Web. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(9):2070-7.
  • Da Silva T, Lokhandwala A, Al Kaabi N, et al. Characterization and reliability of internet resources on pulmonary rehabilitation for individuals with chronic lung disease. Chron Respir Dis. 2023;20:14799731231158119.
  • Bujnowska-Fedak MM, Węgierek P. The impact of online health information on patient health behaviours and making decisions concerning health. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(3):880.
  • Scull A. Dr. Google Will See You Now: Google’s health information previews and implications for consumer health. Med Ref Serv Q. 2020;39(2):165-73.
  • Sezer Ö, Başoğlu MA, Dağdeviren HN. An examination of cyberchondria’s relationship with trait anxiety and psychological well-being in women of reproductive age: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;101(46):e31503.
  • Li WS, Chan SY, Chau WW, Law SW, Chan KM. Mobility, prosthesis use and health-related quality of life of bilateral lower limb amputees from the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2019;43(1):104-11.
  • des Bordes JKA, Suarez-Almazor ME, Volk RJ, Lu H, Edwards B, Lopez-Olivo MA. Online educational tool to promote bone health in cancer survivors. J Health Commun. 2017;22(10):808-17.
  • Mitsutake S, Takahashi Y, Otsuki A, et al.; INFORM Study Group. chronic diseases and sociodemographic characteristics associated with online health information seeking and using social networking sites: nationally representative cross-sectional survey in Japan. J Med Internet Res. 2023;25:e44741.
  • Turolla A, Rossettini G, Viceconti A, Palese A, Geri T. Musculoskeletal physical therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: is telerehabilitation the answer? Phys Ther. 2020;100(8):1260-4.
  • Webster J, Young P, Kiecker J. Telerehabilitation for amputee care. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2021;32(2):253-62.
  • Yilmaz R, Karpuz S, Gokpinar HH, Yilmaz H. Evaluating the information content, readability, and reliability of turkish websites about fibromyalgia. Med Bull Haseki. 2022;60:425-32.
  • Solak İ, Kozanhan B, Ay E. Readability of Turkish websites containing COVID-19 information. Anatol J Family Med. 2021;4(1):57–62.
  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 2022 Human Development Index. Accessed date: 10.04.2023, https://www.undp.org/turkiye/press-releases/new-undp-report-issues-urgent-call-solidarity-halt-global-reversal-development-gains.
  • Wallace LS, Turner LW, Ballard JE, Keenum AJ, Weiss BD. Evaluation of web-based osteoporosis educational materials. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2005;14(10):936-45.
  • Otu M, Karagözoğlu Ş. Fibromiyalji Sendromu ile İlgili Türkiye’deki bilgi sunan web sitelerinin okunabilirlik, İçerik ve kalite açısından İncelenmesi. Turk J Osteoporos. 2022;28:19-25.
  • Ceyhan CM, Korkmaz MD. The Information quality of youtube videos on amputee rehabilitation. Med Bull Haseki. 2023;61:128-34.
  • Kocyigit BF, Akaltun MS, Sahin AR. YouTube as a source of information on COVID-19 and rheumatic disease link. Clin Rheumatol. 2020;39(7):2049–54.

Deprem felaketinin gölgesinde ampute rehabilitasyonu hakkında bilgi içeren Google’daki Türkçe web sitelerinin kalitesi ve güvenilirliği

Yıl 2023, , 266 - 275, 28.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.1282353

Öz

Amaç: Sağlıkla ilgili çevrimiçi bilgiler, hasta eğitiminin önemli bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda, ampute rehabilitasyonu ile ilgili online bilgi sunan web sitelerinin bilgi içeriği, okunabilirlik, güvenilirlik ve kalite düzeylerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntemler: 1-7 Nisan 2023 tarihlerinde Google arama motoruna “ampute rehabilitasyonu” yazılarak yapılan tarama sonucu çıkan tüm web siteleri incelenmiştir. Web siteleri hazırlayıcısına göre iki gruba (grup 1= hastaneler, üniversiteler, sağlıkla ilgili dernekler, diğer resmi kurumlar; grup 2= sağlık profesyonelleri, haber siteleri, diğer siteler) ayrılmıştır. Bilgi içeriği, Türkiye Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Derneği Afet Rehabilitasyon Çalışma Grubunun Online Eğitim Programları ve konuyla ilgili literatürle uyumlu olacak şekilde 9 alt konu başlığına göre belirlendi. Okunabilirlik, Ateşman ve Bezirci-Yılmaz formülüne göre; güvenilirlik ve kalite değerlendirmesi The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) skoru, DISCERN ölçeği, Genel Kalite Skoru (GKS) ve Hekim Global Kalite skoru (HGKS) ile yapılmıştır.

Bulgular: Taranan 109 siteden 20’si çalışmaya dahil edildi; 12’si (60%)’si 1. grupta, 8’i (40%)’i 2. Gruptaydı. Web sitelerinin bilgi içeriği skor ortalaması 2.3 (0-7) idi ve hiçbiri tam içeriğe sahip değildi. Ateşman değerinin ortalaması 41,1 (29,5-53,0) ile zor okunabilir; Bezirci-Yılmaz ortalaması 15,5 (9,4-21,6) ile lisans düzeyinde okunabilir bulunmuştur. JAMA skoru ortalaması 0,8 (0-3) saptanmış olup, web sitelerin tamamına yakını (95%) düşük güvenilir bulunmuştur. DISCERN skoru ortalaması 23,55 (16-34), GKS ortalaması 1,95 (1-3), HGKS ortalaması 1,7 (1-3) ile düşük kalitede izlenmiştir. Gruplar arasında ve ilk iki sayfa ile kalan diğer sayfalar arasında incelenen parametreler açısından anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır (p<0,05).

Sonuç: Ampute rehabilitasyonu ile ilgili bilgi sunan Türkçe web sitelerinin içerik açısından çok yetersiz, zor okunabilir, kalitesiz ve güvenilir olmadığı saptanmıştır. Bu veriler çerçevesinde, sağlıkla ilgili resmi veya özel kurumların ve tecrübeli sağlık profesyonellerinin gerekli desteği sağlayarak, bu konuda güvenilir ve kullanılabilir online bilgi sunumu sağlanmalıdır. Gelecekte olabilecek doğal afetlere karşı hazırlıklı olmak için, halkı bilgilendirmeye yönelik online kaliteli bilgi sunumunu hedefleyen sağlık politikaları geliştirilmelidir.

Kaynakça

  • Lo J, Chan L, Flynn S. A systematic review of the incidence, prevalence, costs, and activity and work limitations of amputation, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, back pain, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, stroke, and traumatic brain injury in the United States: A 2019 update. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2021;102(1):115-31.
  • Varma P, Stineman MG, Dillingham TR. Epidemiology of limb loss. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2014;25(1):1-8.
  • Dillingham TR, Pezzin LE, MacKenzie EJ. Limb amputation and limb deficiency: epidemiology and recent trends in the United States. South Med J. 2002;95(8):875-83.
  • Esquenazi A, DiGiacomo R. Rehabilitation after amputation. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2001;91(1):13-22.
  • Demir Y, Aydemir K. Gülhane lower extremity amputee rehabilitation protocol: A nationwide, 123-year experience. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;66(4):373-82.
  • Wang Q, Chen C, Zhang S, et al. Pain issues in the victims with lower-limb amputation: 10 years after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Disabil Rehabil. 2022;44(8):1346-53.
  • Wang F, Zhang R, Zhang J, et al. Effects of mirror therapy on phantom limb sensation and phantom limb pain in amputees: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Rehabil. 2021;35(12):1710-21.
  • Spyrou JM, Minns Lowe C. An exploration of specialist clinicians’ experiences and beliefs about inpatient amputee rehabilitation as a pathway option for adult primary amputees. Disabil Rehabil. 2022;44(22):6710-21.
  • Gailey R, Gaunaurd I, Raya M, Kirk-Sanchez N, Prieto-Sanchez LM, Roach K. Effectiveness of an evidence-based amputee rehabilitation program: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther. 2020;100(5):773-87.
  • B.Ü. Kandilli rasathanesi ve deprem araştırma enstitüsü (KRDAE) bölgesel deprem-tsunami İzleme ve değerlendirme merkezi (BDTİM), 06 şubat 2023 Sofalaca-Şehitkamil- Gaziantep; Ekinözü-Kahramanmaraş ve 20 şubat 2023 Hatay depremleri ön değerlendirme raporu. Accessed date: 09.04.2023, http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/sismo/2/06-subat-20-subat-2023-depremlerine-ait-on-degerlendirme-raporu/
  • 2023 Kahramanmaraş depremleri. Accessed date: 07.04.2023, https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Kahramanmara%C5%9F_depremleri.
  • Prof. Dr. Coşkun: Depremzedeler için çok ciddi miktarda protez ihtiyacı doğacak. Accessed date: 30.03.2023, https://medimagazin.com.tr/guncel/prof-dr-coskun-depremzedeler-icin-cok-ciddi-miktarda-protez-ihtiyaci-dogacak-104576.
  • Balatsoukas P, Kennedy CM, Buchan I, Powell J, Ainsworth J. The role of social network technologies in online health promotion: a narrative review of theoretical and empirical factors influencing intervention effectiveness. J Med Internet Res. 2015;17(6):e141.
  • Kirazlı Y, Atamaz Çalış F, El Ö, et al. Updated approach for the management of osteoporosis in Turkey: a consensus report. Arch Osteoporos. 2020;15(1):137.
  • Paakkari L, Okan O. COVID-19: health literacy is an underestimated problem. Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(5):e249-e250.
  • Daraz L, Morrow AS, Ponce OJ, et al. Can patients trust online health information? a meta-narrative systematic review addressing the quality of health information on the internet. J Gen Intern Med. 2019;34(9):1884-91.
  • Bergmo TS, Sandsdalen V, Manskow US, Småbrekke L, Waaseth M. Internet use for obtaining medicine information: cross-sectional survey. JMIR Form Res. 2023;7:e40466.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Hanehalkı bilişim teknolojileri (BT) kullanım araştırması, 2022. Accessed date: 01.04.2023, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2022-45587.
  • Yurdakul OV, Kilicoglu MS, Bagcier F. Evaluating the reliability and readability of online information on osteoporosis. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2021;65(1):85-92.
  • Türkiye arama motorları pazar payı: 12 aylık trend. Accessed date: 30.03.2023 https://www.similarweb.com/tr/engines/turkey/
  • Türkiye Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Derneği, Afet Rehabilitasyon Çalışma Grubu, Online Eğitim Programı-1. Accessed date: 30.03.2023, https://www.tftr.org.tr/afet-rehabilitasyonu-calisma-grubu-online-egitim-programi.
  • Silberg WM, Lundberg GD, Musacchio RA. Assessing, controlling, and assuring the quality of medical information on the Internet: Caveant lector et viewor--Let the reader and viewer beware. JAMA. 1997;277(15):1244-5.
  • Ateşman E. Türkçede okunabilirliğin ölçülmesi. Dil Dergisi.1997;58:171–74.
  • Bezirci B, Yılmaz A. A software library for measurement of readability of texts and a new readability metric for Turkish. DEÜ FMD. 2010;12(3):49-62.
  • Charnock D, Shepperd S, Needham G, Gann R. DISCERN: an instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information on treatment choices. J Epidemiol. Community Health. 1999;53(2):105-11.
  • Śledzińska P, Bebyn MG, Furtak J. Quality of youtube videos on meningioma treatment using the DISCERN instrument. World Neurosurg. 2021;153:e179-e186.
  • Boyer C, Gaudinat A, Hanbury A, et al. Accessing reliable health information on the web: A review of the HON approach. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2017;245:1004-1008.
  • Bernard A, Langille M, Hughes S, Rose C, Leddin D, Veldhuyzen van Zanten S. A systematic review of patient inflammatory bowel disease information resources on the World Wide Web. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(9):2070-7.
  • Da Silva T, Lokhandwala A, Al Kaabi N, et al. Characterization and reliability of internet resources on pulmonary rehabilitation for individuals with chronic lung disease. Chron Respir Dis. 2023;20:14799731231158119.
  • Bujnowska-Fedak MM, Węgierek P. The impact of online health information on patient health behaviours and making decisions concerning health. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(3):880.
  • Scull A. Dr. Google Will See You Now: Google’s health information previews and implications for consumer health. Med Ref Serv Q. 2020;39(2):165-73.
  • Sezer Ö, Başoğlu MA, Dağdeviren HN. An examination of cyberchondria’s relationship with trait anxiety and psychological well-being in women of reproductive age: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;101(46):e31503.
  • Li WS, Chan SY, Chau WW, Law SW, Chan KM. Mobility, prosthesis use and health-related quality of life of bilateral lower limb amputees from the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2019;43(1):104-11.
  • des Bordes JKA, Suarez-Almazor ME, Volk RJ, Lu H, Edwards B, Lopez-Olivo MA. Online educational tool to promote bone health in cancer survivors. J Health Commun. 2017;22(10):808-17.
  • Mitsutake S, Takahashi Y, Otsuki A, et al.; INFORM Study Group. chronic diseases and sociodemographic characteristics associated with online health information seeking and using social networking sites: nationally representative cross-sectional survey in Japan. J Med Internet Res. 2023;25:e44741.
  • Turolla A, Rossettini G, Viceconti A, Palese A, Geri T. Musculoskeletal physical therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: is telerehabilitation the answer? Phys Ther. 2020;100(8):1260-4.
  • Webster J, Young P, Kiecker J. Telerehabilitation for amputee care. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2021;32(2):253-62.
  • Yilmaz R, Karpuz S, Gokpinar HH, Yilmaz H. Evaluating the information content, readability, and reliability of turkish websites about fibromyalgia. Med Bull Haseki. 2022;60:425-32.
  • Solak İ, Kozanhan B, Ay E. Readability of Turkish websites containing COVID-19 information. Anatol J Family Med. 2021;4(1):57–62.
  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 2022 Human Development Index. Accessed date: 10.04.2023, https://www.undp.org/turkiye/press-releases/new-undp-report-issues-urgent-call-solidarity-halt-global-reversal-development-gains.
  • Wallace LS, Turner LW, Ballard JE, Keenum AJ, Weiss BD. Evaluation of web-based osteoporosis educational materials. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2005;14(10):936-45.
  • Otu M, Karagözoğlu Ş. Fibromiyalji Sendromu ile İlgili Türkiye’deki bilgi sunan web sitelerinin okunabilirlik, İçerik ve kalite açısından İncelenmesi. Turk J Osteoporos. 2022;28:19-25.
  • Ceyhan CM, Korkmaz MD. The Information quality of youtube videos on amputee rehabilitation. Med Bull Haseki. 2023;61:128-34.
  • Kocyigit BF, Akaltun MS, Sahin AR. YouTube as a source of information on COVID-19 and rheumatic disease link. Clin Rheumatol. 2020;39(7):2049–54.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm ORJİNAL MAKALE
Yazarlar

Ramazan Yılmaz 0000-0001-6295-7295

Savaş Karpuz 0000-0002-8141-674X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Eylül 2023
Kabul Tarihi 16 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Yılmaz R, Karpuz S. The quality and reliability of Turkish websites in Google containing information about amputation rehabilitation in the shadow of the earthquake disaster. Anadolu Klin. 2023;28(3):266-75.

13151 This Journal licensed under a CC BY-NC (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0) International License.