Correlation of the variations in prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in cohorts from 26 countries

Yıl 2022, , 60 - 70, 29.01.2022

Lütfiye Karcıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.987578

Cited By: 1

Öz

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevalence and mortality and the frequency of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms at the loci rs7975232 (ApaI), rs1544410 (BsmI), rs2228570 (FokI), and rs731236 (TaqI) in cohorts from 26 countries.

Methods: The study included the use of 26 countries where VDR gene polymorphisms at the loci rs731236 (TaqI), rs7975232 (ApaI), rs2228570 (FokI), and rs1544410 (BsmI) were determined and where the relevant frequencies of alleles in healthy populations were reported: Italy, China, Turkey, Japan, Mexico, Russia, India, Poland, Egypt, Czechia, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, Greece, the Netherlands, Korea, Spain, the United States, Pakistan, Nigeria, Lebanon, the Central African Republic, Finland, Iran, Tunisia, Brazil, and Croatia. The COVID-19 prevalence and mortality rates (per million population) reported for each country on 6 December 2020 were recorded.

Results: A significant positive correlation was found between the frequency of AA genotype of rs7975232 and the COVID-19 prevalence (r=0.45, r2=0.20, p=0.02) and mortality (r=0.42, r2=0.17, p=0.03) rates. Twenty percent of the variability in prevalence and 17% of the variability in mortality could be explained by the frequency of AA genotype. Similarly, a significant positive correlation was found between the frequency of TT genotype of rs731236 and the COVID-19 prevalence (r=0.42, r2=0.17, p=0.03) rates. Seventeen percent of the variability in prevalence could be explained by the frequency of TT genotype. The correlations between the frequency of rs1544410 and rs2228570 and the COVID-19 prevalence and mortality were not significant.

Conclusion: The variation in COVID-19 prevalence in the 26 populations included can be explained by the polymorphisms at the rs7975232 (ApaI) and rs731236 (TaqI) loci.

Anahtar Kelimeler

coronavirus disease 2019, correlation, polymorphism, vitamin D receptor

Yirmi altı ülkeden kohortlarda koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 prevalansındaki varyasyonların vitamin D reseptör gen polimorfizmleriyle korelasyonu

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada 26 ülkeden kohortlarda rs7975232 (ApaI), rs1544410 (BsmI), rs2228570 (FokI), rs731236 (TaqI) lokuslarında vitamin D reseptör (VDR) gen polimorfizmi sıklığı ile koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19) prevalans ve mortalite oranları arasındaki korelasyonu araştırmak amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Çalışmada rs7975232 (ApaI), rs2228570 (FokI), rs1544410 (BsmI) ve rs731236 (TaqI) lokuslarında VDR gen polimorfizmleri tanımlanmış ve sağlıklı popülasyonlarda ilgili alel frekansları bildirilmiş 26 ülke kullanıldı: İtalya, Çin, Türkiye, Japonya, Meksika, Rusya, Hindistan, Polonya, Mısır, Çekya, Etiyopya, Suudi Arabistan, Yunanistan, Hollanda, Kore, İspanya, Birleşik Devletler, Pakistan, Nijerya, Lübnan, Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti, Finlandiya, İran, Tunus, Brezilya ve Hırvatistan. Her ülke için 6 Aralık 2020 tarihinde bildirilen COVID-19 (milyon popülasyonda) prevalans ve mortalite oranları kaydedildi.

Bulgular: rs7975232’nin AA genotipi sıklığı ile COVID-19 prevalans (r=0,45; r2=0,20; p=0,02) ve mortalite (r=0,42; r2=0,17; p=0,03) oranları arasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyon saptandı. Prevalanstaki değişkenliğin %20’si ve mortalitedeki değişkenliğin %17’si AA genotipinin sıklığı ile açıklanabildi. Yine rs731236’nın TT genotipi ile COVID-19 prevalans (r=0,42; r2=0,17; p=0,03) oranları arasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyon saptandı. Prevalanstaki değişkenliğin %17’si TT genotipinin sıklığı ile açıklanabildi. rs1544410 ve rs2228570 sıklığı ile COVID-19 prevalans ve mortalitesi arasındaki korelasyonlar anlamlı değildi.

Sonuç: İncelenen 26 popülasyondaki COVID-19 prevalans varyasyonları rs7975232 ve rs731236 lokuslarındaki polimorfizmler ile açıklanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

D vitamini reseptörü, korelasyon, koronavirüs hastalığı 2019, polimorfizm

Kaynakça

• Öztürk R, Taşova Y, Ayaz A. COVID-19: pathogenesis, genetic polymorphism, clinical features and laboratory findings. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50(SI–1):638–57.
• The World Health Organization. Weekly epidemiological update—8 December 2020. Available at: www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-8-december-2020 (accessed: 26.01.2022).
• Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(4):420–2.
• Quesada-Gomez JM, Entrenas-Castillo M, Bouillon R. Vitamin D receptor stimulation to reduce acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infections: revised ms SBMB 2020_166. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2020;202:105719.
• Martineau AR, Jolliffe DA, Hooper RL, Greenberg L, Aloia JF, Bergman P, et al. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. BMJ. 2017;356:i6583.
• Bikle D. Vitamin D: production, metabolism, and mechanisms of action [updated 11.8.2017]. In: Feingold KR (ed.), Endotext. South Dartmouth, MA/US: MDText.com, Inc.; 2000. Available at: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278935 (accessed: 26.01.2022).
• Shi YY, Liu TJ, Fu JH, Xu W, Wu LL, Hou AN, et al. Vitamin D/VDR signaling attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by maintaining the integrity of the pulmonary epithelial barrier. Mol Med Rep. 2016;13:1186–94.
• Zhenga S, Yanga J, Hu X, Li M, Wang Q, Dancer R, et al. Vitamin D attenuates lung injury via stimulating epithelial repair, reducing epithelial cell apoptosis and inhibits TGF-β induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020;113955.
• Mohan M, Cherian JJ, Sharma A. Exploring links between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16(9):e1008874.
• Karcioglu Batur L, Hekim N. The role of DBP gene polymorphisms in the prevalence of new coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality rate. J Med Virol. 2021;93(3):1409–13.
• Jiménez-Sousa MÁ, Martínez I, Medrano LM, Fernández-Rodríguez A, Resino S. Vitamin D in human immunodeficiency virus Infection: influence on immunity and disease. Front Immunol. 2018;9:458.
• Jolliffe DA, Walton RT, Griffiths CJ, Martineau AR. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the vitamin D pathway associating with circulating concentrations of vitamin D metabolites and non-skeletal health outcomes: review of genetic association studies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2016;164:18–29.
• Moodley A, Qin M, Singh KK, Spector SA. Vitamin D-related host genetic variants alter HIV disease progression in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013;32(11):1230–6.
• Suneetha PV, Sarin SK, Goyal A, Kumar GT, Shukla DK, Hissar S. Association between vitamin D receptor, CCR5, TNF-alpha and TNF-beta gene polymorphisms and HBV infection and severity of liver disease. J Hepatol. 2006;44:856–63.
• Tanaka A, Nezu S, Uegaki S, Kikuchi K, Shibuya A, Miyakawa H, et al. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms are associated with increased susceptibility to primary biliary cirrhosis in Japanese and Italian populations. J Hepatol. 2009;50:1202–9.
• Conti V, Russomanno G, Corbi G, Toro G, Simeon V, Filippelli W, et al. A polymorphism at the translation start site of the vitamin D receptor gene is associated with the response to anti-osteoporotic therapy in postmenopausal women from southern Italy. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(3):5452–66.
• Xia Z, Hu Y, Han Z, Gao Y, Bai J, He Y, et al. Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with diabetic dyslipidemia in the elderly male population in North China. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:1673–9.
• Fan L, Tu X, Zhu Y, Zhou L, Pfeiffer T, Feltens R, et al. Genetic association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis in the Chinese. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;20:249–55.
• Dal NE, Cerci P, Olmez U, Keskin G. The role of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of Behçet’s disease: a case–control study in Turkish population. Ann Hum Genet. 2019;83(3):177–86.
• Tanaka K, Miyake Y, Fukushima W, Kiyohara C, Sasaki S, Tsuboi Y, et al. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, smoking, and risk of sporadic Parkinson’s disease in Japan. Neurosci Lett. 2017;643:97–102.
• González-Mercado A, Sánchez-López JY, Regla-Nava JA, Gámez-Nava JI, González-López L, Duran-Gonzalez J, et al. Association analysis of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and bone mineral density in postmenopausal Mexican–Mestizo women. Genet Mol Res. 2013;12(3):2755–63.
• Kondratyeva El, Zakharova IN, Ilenkova NA, Klimov LY, Petrova NV, Zodbinova AE, et al. Vitamin D status in Russian children and adolescents: contribution of genetic and exogenous factors. Front Pediatr. 2020;8:583206.
• Alagarasu K, Honap T, Mulay AP, Bachal RV, Shah PS, Cecilia D. Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with clinical outcomes of dengue virus infection. Hum Immunol. 2012;73(11):1194–9.
• Cieślińska A, Kostyra E, Fiedorowicz E, Snarska J, Kordulewska N, Kiper K, et al. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) may have an impact on acute pancreatitis (AP) development: a prospective study in populations of AP patients and alcohol-abuse controls. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(7):1919.
• Mostafa-Hedeab G, Sabry D, Abdelaziz GM, Ewaiss M, Adli N, Fathy W. Influence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms on response to PEGylated interferon in chronic hepatitis B Egyptian patients. Rep Biochem Mol Biol. 2018;6(2):186–96.
• Hughes DJ, Hlavatá I, Soucek P, Pardini B, Naccarati A, Vodickova L, et al. Variation in the vitamin D receptor gene is not associated with risk of colorectal cancer in the Czech Republic. J Gastrointest Canc. 2011;42:149–54.
• Pleva L, Kovarova P, Faldynova L, Plevova P, Hilscherova S, Zapletalova J, et al. The rs1803274 polymorphism of the BCHE gene is associated with an increased risk of coronary in-stent restenosis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2015;15:135.
• Ahmed JH, Makonnen E, Fotoohi A, Yimer G, Seifu D, Assefa M, et al. Vitamin D status and association of VDR genetic polymorphism to risk of breast cancer in Ethiopia. Nutrients. 2019;11(2):289.
• Alkhayal KA, Awadalia ZH, Mohammed MAV, Obeed OAA, Wesaimer AA, Halwani R, et al. Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with colorectal cancer in a Saudi Arabian population. PLoS One. 2016;11(6):e0155236.
• Panierakis C, Goulielmos G, Mamoulakis D, Petraki E, Papavasiliou E, Galanakis E. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in Crete, Greece. Clin Immunol. 2009;133(2):276–81.
• Lanjouw E, Branković I, Pleijster J, Spaargaren J, Hoebe CJPA, van Kranen HJ, et al. Specific polymorphisms in the vitamin D metabolism pathway are not associated with susceptibility to Chlamydia trachomatis infection in humans. Pathog Dis. 2016;74(3):ftw010.
• Smolders J, Damoiseaux J, Menheere P, Tervaert JW, Hupperts R. Association study on two vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and vitamin D metabolites in multiple sclerosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009;1173:515–20.
• Ahn JH, Noh YH, Um KJ, Kim HS, Cho S. Vitamin D status and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with pelvic floor disorders in women. J Menopausal Med. 2018;24(2):119–26.
• Gisbert-Ferrándiz L, Cosin-Roger J, Hernández C, Macias-Ceja DC, Ortiz-Masiá D, Salvador P, et al. The vitamin D receptor Taq I polymorphism is associated with reduced VDR and increased PDIA3 protein levels in human intestinal fibroblasts. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2020;202:105720.
• Jiménez-Sousa MA, Jiménez JL, Fernández-Rodríguez A, Brochado-Kith O, Bellón JM, Gutierrez F, et al. VDR rs2228570 polymorphism is related to non-progression to AIDS in antiretroviral therapy naïve HIV-infected patients. J Clin Med. 2019;8(3):311.
• Clendenen TV, Arslan AA, Koenig KL, Enquist K, Wirgin I, Agren A, et al. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Lett. 2008;260(1–2):209–15.
• Mukhtar M, Sheikh N, Suqaina SK, Batool A, Fatima N, Mehmood R, et al. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism: an important predictor of arthritis development. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:8326246.
• Fischer PR, Thacher TD, Pettifor JM, Jorde LB, Eccleshall TR, Feldman D. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and nutritional rickets in Nigerian children. J Bone Miner Res. 2000;15(11):2206–10.
• Hajj A, Chedid R, Chouery E, Megarbané A, Gannagé-Yared MH. Relationship between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, cardiovascular risk factors and adiponectin in a healthy young population. Pharmacogenomics. 2016;17(15):1675–86.
• Bornman L, Campbell SJ, Fielding K, Bah B, Sillah J, Gustafson P, et al. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis in West Africa: a case–control and family study. J Infect Dis. 2004;190:1631–41.
• Heikkinen AM, Raivisto T, Kettunen K, et al. Pilot study on the genetic background of an active matrix metalloproteinase-8 test in Finnish adolescents. J Periodontol. 2017;88(5):464–72.
• Rashedi J, Asgharzadeh M, Moaddab SR, Sahebi L, Khalili M, Mazani M, et al. Vitamin d receptor gene polymorphism and vitamin d plasma concentration: correlation with susceptibility to tuberculosis. Adv Pharm Bull. 2014;4(Suppl. 2):607–11.
• Kaabachi W, Kaabachi S, Rafrafi A, Amor AB, Tizaoui K, Sassi FH, et al. Association of vitamin D receptor FokI and ApaI polymorphisms with lung cancer risk in Tunisian population. Mol Biol Rep. 2014;41:6545–53.
• Neves JSF, Visentainer JEL, Reis DMDS, Loures MAR, Alves HV, Lara-Armi FF, et al. The influence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in spondyloarthritis. Int J Inflam. 2020;2020:8880879.
• Krpina MG, Barišić A, Peterlin A, Tul N, Ostojić S, Peterlin B, et al. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in spontaneous preterm birth: a case–control study. Croat Med J. 2020;61(4):338–45.
• Martens PJ, Gysemans C, Verstuyf A, Mathieu C. Vitamin D’s effect on immune function. Nutrients. 2020;12:1248.
• Hansdottir S, Monick MM, Hinde SL, Lovan N, Look DC, Hunninghake GW. Respiratory epithelial cells convert inactive vitamin d to its active form: potential effects on host defense. J Immunol. 2008;181:7090–9.
• Greiller CL, Martineau AR. Modulation of the immune response to respiratory viruses by vitamin D. Nutrients. 2015;7(6):4240–70.
• Chishimba L, Thickett DR, Stockley RA, Wood AM. The vitamin D axis in the lung: a key role for vitamin D-binding protein. Thorax. 2010;65(5):456–62.
• Karcioglu Batur L, Hekim N. Correlation between interleukin gene polymorphisms and current prevalence and mortality rates due to novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) in 23 countries. J Med Virol. 2021;93(10):5853–63.