Bağlanma Teorisi ve Bağlanma Bozukluklarına Genel Bir Bakış

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 66 - 72, 30.12.2016

Eren Yıldızhan

https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.237462

Cited By: 8

Öz

Bağlanma sistemi, bebeğin hayatta kalması ile ilgili
yaşamsal önemi olan, sadece insana özgü olmayıp doğada bütün memeli türlerinde
görülen evrimsel bir sistemdir.

Anne çocuk ilişkisinden başlayarak kişinin hayatı boyunca
kurduğu bütün ilişkilere bir taslak olan bağlanma, kronik hastalık durumlarında
kişinin tedavi ekibi ile kurduğu ilişkide de belirleyici olabilmektedir.
Temelde güvenli ve güvensiz bağlanma olarak ikiye ayrılır, güvensiz bağlanma
ise kendi içinde kaygılı bağlanma, kaçıngan bağlanma ve dezorganize bağlanma
olmak üzere üç tiptir. Güvenli bağlanması olmayan kişiler, bazen sorunlu ilişki
kurma biçimleri nedeni ile “zor hasta” olarak tanımlanarak klinik ilgi odağı
olmaktadırlar. Bağlanma biçimleri ve buradan kaynaklanabilecek olası sorunlar,
literatürdeki bilgiler ışığında incelendiğinde, basit birtakım girişimlerin
doktor-hasta ilişkisindeki bazı zorluklara çözüm olabileceği görülmektedir.
Hastaların farklı bağlanma biçimlerini dikkate almak ve hasta ile işbirliği
içinde tedaviyi planlamak, hastaya sunulan hizmetin kişiye özgü düzenlenmesinde
yol gösterici olabilir. John Bowlby tarafından temelleri atılan bağlanma
teorisi ile ilgili bilgi sahibi olmak ve hastaların farklı bağlanma biçimlerini
tanıyarak terapötik işbirliğinde nasıl konumlandığımızı dışarıdan görmek,
doğabilecek sorunları önceden kestirmeye yarayabilir ve bize birtakım çözüm
önerileri sunabilir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bağlanma; Tedaviye Uyum; Zor Hasta

Attachment Theory and A Glance at Attachment Disorders

Öz

Attachment system which has survival importance for the
baby, is not unique to humans, it is an evolutionary system that is seen in
nature in all mammals.

Attachment, as a template for all reliationships, begining
with the mother-baby interaction, may have a decisive role in states of chronic
disease. Basicly, attachment can be secure or insecure; insecure attachment has
also three types: anxious attachment, avoidant attachment and disorganised
attachment.  Patients lacking a secure
attachment pattern may be in the focus of clinical attention as “difficult
patients” due to the maladaptive reliationship patterns. When we invesitegate
the attachment patterns and problems related to these patterns in the
literatüre, we observe that certain basic interventions can be solution for the
problems in doctor-patient reliationship. Considering the patient’s attachment
style and making a plan in collaboration with the patient is heplful in
individualising care. Having knowledge of the attachment theory of John Bowlby
and having an outsider perspective of our place in the therapeutic alliance by
recognizing different attachment patterns of patients may help us to predict
potential problems and find possible solutions. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Attachment; Treatment Adherence; Difficult Patient

Kaynakça

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