Koronavirüs Pandemisi ve Türkiye’nin Bazı Şifalı Bitkileri

Yıl 2020, Sayı: Special Issue on COVID 19, 163 - 182, 20.03.2020

Nazım Şekeroğlu , Sevgi Gezici

https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.724210

Cited By: 20

Öz

Çin'de başlayan ve pek çok ülkeye
yayılan Covid-19, ‘Koronavirüs Pandemisi’ olarak dünya çapında bütün insanlığı
tehdit eden bir salgın hastalık haline gelmiştir. Virüsün insandan insana hızlıca
bulaşması ve yüksek ölüm oranına sahip olması, standart terapi protokollerinin
geliştirilmesi ve onaylanması için acil bir ihtiyaç ortaya çıkarmıştır. Etkili
tedavi stratejilerinin geliştirilebilmesi için; virüsün yapısal özellikleri,
biyolojisi ve konak hücredeki enfeksiyon mekanizmaları tam olarak bilinmelidir.
 Şimdiye kadar, Kovid-19'un tam bir etkili tedavisi bilinmemekle birlikte,
olası antiviral ilaçların klinik deneme ve değerlendirmeleri devam etmektedir.

Tıbbi bitkiler glikozitler, saponinler,
flavonoidler, proantosiyanidinler, terpenoidler, fenil propanoidler, tanenler,
reçineler, lignanlar, sülfitler, polifenolikler, kumarinler, furil bileşikleri,
alkaloidler ve uçucu yağlar olmak üzere çok çeşitli aktif fitokimyasal
bileşikler ihtiva ettiklerinden dolayı pek çok hastalıkta olduğu gibi viral
kaynaklı hastalıklarda da konakçının bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirerek
antiviral etki göstermektedir. Yaygın olarak kullanılan bazı yenilebilir yabani
bitkilerin, baharatların ve bitkisel çayların çeşitli virüslere karşı güçlü antiviral
aktivite gösterdikleri dahası, bunlardan bazılarının farklı tür koronavirüs
kaynaklı hastalıklarda da kullanılma potansiyelinde olan fito-antiviral ajanlar
oldukları önceki çalışmalarda ortaya konulmuştur. 

Bu derlemede ise; bağışıklık
sistemini güçlendirici, hastalıklara karşı koruyucu ve tedavi edici olarak
Türkiye’de geleneksel kullanıma sahip olan laden türleri (Cistus spp.), bazı kekik türleri (Origanum, Thymus ve Thymbra),
meyan kökü (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) ve
zeytin yaprağı (Olea europea L.)
bitki türleri ve bunlardan elde edilecek biyoaktif bileşiklerin koronavirüs
enfeksiyonları ile mücadelede bitkisel kaynaklı doğal terapötikler olarak
kullanılma potansiyelleri güncel literatür bilgileri ışığında sunulmuştur. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

koronavirüs, Covid-19, şifalı bitkiler, pandemi, antiviral, antiviral, antiviral, antiviral, Türkiye

Coronavirus Pandemic and Some Turkish Medicinal Plants

Öz

Covid-19, emerging in China and
spreading to many countries, has become an epidemic disease that threatens all
humanity worldwide as 'Coronavirus Pandemic'. The
rapid transmission of the virus from person to person and its high mortality
rate create an urgent need for development and validation of standard therapy
protocols. In order to develop efficient treatment strategies, the structural
features, biology of the virus and the mechanisms of infection in the host cell
must be fully known. So far, the exact effective treatment of Covid-19 has not
been revealed, but clinical trials and evaluations of possible antiviral drugs
are ongoing.

Since medicinal plants have a wide
variety of bioactive phytochemical compounds such as glycosides, saponins,
flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, tannins, resins,
lignanes, sulfides, polyphenolics, coumarins, furyl compounds, alkaloids and
essential oils, they exhibit antiviral effects by strengthening the immune
system of the host in diseases of viral origin, as well as they are useful for
many diseases. Previous scientific studies showed that commonly used wild
edible plants, spices and herbal teas possess strong antiviral activities
against various viruses; moreover, some of them have also been proven to be
used for different types of coronavirus-origine diseases as potential
phyto-antiviral agents.   

In this review, having traditional
medicinal uses in Turkey, some medicinal plants like cistus species (Cistus spp.), some kekik species (Origanum, Thymus and Thymbra), liquorice root (Glycyrrhiza
glabra L.), olive leaf (Olea europea
L.) and their bioactive compounds, which are immune enhancer, preventive and
therapeutic against diseases as potential natural therapeutics for combatting
coronavirus infections have been presented in the light of currents scientific
literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Coronavirus, COVID-19, medicinal plants, pandemic, Turkey, antiviral, antiviral, antiviral, antiviral

Kaynakça

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