Kronik hastalıklarda koruyucu rehabilitasyon yaklaşımları ve fiziksel aktivite

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 225 - 234, 23.05.2023

Hafize Reyhan Çalıkuşu , İrem Nur Usluer , Müberra Tanrıverdi

https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.1233191

Öz

Bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıklar arasında en sık morbidite ve mortalite nedeni kronik hastalıklardır. Dünya genelinde ve ülkemizde en yaygın görülen kronik hastalıklar sırasıyla kardiyovasküler hastalık, kanser, diyabet, inme ve Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı (KOAH)’dır. 2019 Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu verilerine göre ülkemizdeki ölümlerin yaklaşık %70’ine kronik hastalıklar neden olmaktadır. Kronik hastalığa sahip bireylerin hastaneye yatış oranları diğer hastalıklara göre daha sık görülmekte ve 2016 verilerine göre bu durum yaklaşık 26,4 milyar TL gibi büyük bir mali yüke neden olmaktadır. Sağlık hizmetlerinin tüm basamaklarındaki önlemlerin artırılması hastalığa bağlı ölüm yükünü ve kamunun sağlık harcamalarını önemli bir ölçüde azaltmaktadır. Bu nedenle hastalıkların tedavisi kadar hastalık ortaya çıkmadan önlenmesi de hastalığın yönetiminde ve hastalıkla baş etmede önemlidir. Kronik hastalıkların önlenmesi, hastalığın erken dönemde tedavi edilmesi, progresyonunun yavaşlatılması ve hastaların yaşam sürelerinin artırılması koruyucu rehabilitasyon yaklaşımlarının amaçlarını oluşturmaktadır. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda kronik hastalıklara yönelik koruyucu rehabilitasyon yaklaşımları primer, sekonder ve tersiyer korunma olarak üçe ayrılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda dünyada ve ülkemizde yayınlanan eylem planları ve kılavuzlar mevcuttur. Düzenli fiziksel aktivitenin de hastalıkların önlenmesi ve yönetiminde önemli bir role sahip olduğu bu kılavuzlarda belirtilmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalarda düzenli olarak yapılan fiziksel aktivitenin kronik hastalıkların riskini azalttığı ve hastaların sağlıkla ilgili yaşam kalitelerini artırdığı kanıtlanmıştır. Derlememizde, kronik hastalıklarda koruyucu rehabilitasyon yaklaşımları ve fiziksel aktivitenin önemi ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fiziksel aktivite, kronik hastalık, rehabilitasyon

Preventive rehabilitation approaches and physical activity in chronic diseases

Öz

Chronic diseases are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality among non-communicable diseases. The most common chronic diseases worldwide and in our country are cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, stroke and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). According to 2019 Turkish Statistical Institute data, approximately 70% of deaths in our country are caused by chronic diseases. Hospitalization rates of individuals with chronic diseases are seen more frequently than other diseases and this causes a great financial burden, approximately 26.4 billion TL in 2016. Increasing the measures in all stages of health services significantly reduces the death burden due to disease and public health expenditures. Therefore, prevention of diseases as well as their treatment is important in the management and coping of the disease. Prevention of chronic diseases, treatment of the disease in the early period, slowing down its progression and increasing the life expectancy of patients constitute the aims of preventive rehabilitation approaches. For these purposes, preventive rehabilitation approaches for chronic diseases are divided into three as primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. In this direction, there are action plans and guides published in the world and in our country. It is stated in these guidelines that regular physical activity also plays an important role in the prevention and management of diseases. Studies have shown that regular physical activity reduces the risk of chronic diseases and increases the health-related quality of life of patients. In our review, preventive rehabilitation approaches in chronic diseases and the importance of physical activity are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Chronic disease, physical activity, rehabilitation

Kaynakça

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