Otomatik inme sınıflaması: İmkansız piksellerin eliminasyonuyla etkinleştirilmiş transfer öğrenme yaklaşımı

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 3, 260 - 267, 23.09.2024

İlker Özgür Koska , Çağan Koska , Antonio Fernandes

https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.1379589

Öz

Amaç: Derin öğrenme yöntemleri ve özellikle evrişimsel sinir ağları (CNN) tıbbi görüntü sınıflamasında otomatizasyon açısından geliştirilen uygulamalarda altın standart niteliğindedir. İnme görüntülemesinde zaman oldukça kritik olup hızlı müdahale ile morbidite ve mortalite azaltılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada amacımız hızlı inme triajı ve uygun tedavi seçimi sağlayacak iskemik inme ile hemorajik inmeyi birbirinden ayırt edebilen otomatize yöntem geliştirmektir.

Yöntemler: Teknofest sağlıkta yapay zekâ yarışması tarafından sağlanan kimliksizleştirilmiş ve anonimleştirilmiş 2000 adet iskemik inme, 2000 adet hemorajik inme içeren bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) kesitleri kullanılarak, MobileNet ve EfficientNet CNN mimarileri transfer öğrenme metodolojisi ile, özel bir imkansız piksel değeri ve uzamsal lokalizasyonları dışlama stratejisi kullanılarak arama uzayı daraltılmış ve otomatik inme sınıflaması sağlanmıştır.

Bulgular: [0-1] normalizasyon ve 224*224’ e girişin ayarlanması dışında ön işleme yapılmayan grupta adapte MobileNetV2 ile 0.74 ve adapte EfficentNetB0 ile 0.72 doğruluk değerleri elde edildi. Öte yandan kemik yapıların çıkarıldığı ve piksel değerlerin imkânsız değerler elimine edilerek kısıtlandığı veri dönüşümü uygulanan grupta MobileNetV2 ile 0.91 ve EfficientNetB0 ile 0.88 doğruluk düzeyine ulaşıldı.

Sonuç: Derin öğrenme yöntemleri kullanılarak inme teşhisi, radyoloji uzmanı olmayan inme görüntülemeye aşina olmayan ancak inme triaj ve sağaltımında aktif rol oynayan sağlık personelleri için özellikle yararlı olabilir. Bu şekilde tedaviden fayda görecek hastanın seçimi ve tedavi kararının verilme hızı artırılabilir. Sonuç olarak iskemik-hemorajik inme sınıflandırmada yüksek doğruluk oranlarına ulaşan çalışmamız, otomatik inme tespitine katkı sağlayabilir ve hekimlerin hızlı ve uygun tedavi kararları vermelerine yardımcı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Derin öğrenme, inme, makine öğrenimi, yapay zekâ

Automatic stroke classification: Domain knowledge injection augmented transfer learning approach

Öz

Aim: To build an artificial intelligence model to classify stroke into ischemic or hemorrhagic classes using the labeled stroke computer tomography (CT) slices that were shared in the 2021 Teknofest artificial intelligence in health competition.

Methods: We developed a set of methods that can inject domain knowledge into the models to provide a more refined search space for the model for better performance. We used pre-trained MobileNet and EfficientNet architectures and fine-tuned them for our 2-class output model. We discarded impossible pixel values and pixel spatial locations to provide a space that was conditioned into only possible spatial locations and signal values using our knowledge of brain anatomy, stroke pathology, and imaging.

Results: With the dataset which we just used [0-1] normalization and adjusted the input dimension into 224*224, accuracy values of 0.74 with adapted MobileNetV2 and 0.72 with adapted EfficentNetB0 were obtained in the group without further pre-processing. In the data transformation group where bone structures were removed and pixel values were restricted by eliminating impossible values, an accuracy level of 0.91 with MobileNetV2 and 0.88 with EfficientNetB0 at test time were achieved.

Conclusion: In conclusion, CT-based slice prediction of mechanism of stroke as ischemic or hemorrhagic was achieved with high accuracy by integrating human knowledge into the pre-trained off-the-shelf models which was promising to shorten the time of the triage of stroke patients which can potentially improve stroke patient outcomes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Artificial intelligence, stroke, machine learning, deep learning

Kaynakça

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