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Mental health services in Gaza

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 29 Sayı: Special Issue on Gaza, 105 - 111, 28.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.1568415

Öz

Due to Israel’s decades-long occupation in Palestine, mental health problems have emerged in a large part of the population, especially those living in Gaza, alongside the loss of lives and injuries. While the ongoing war conditions have made it difficult even to meet basic human needs, the provision of mental health services has also been significantly restricted. The aim of this article is to review the data on the epidemiology of mental health among women, children, and adolescents in Gaza over the past 20 years, and to examine the state of mental health services in Gaza, with a particular focus on the periods before and after the events of October 7, 2023. The literature was searched using the keywords “Gaza mental health,” “Palestine mental health,” and “Gaza child psychiatry.

Etik Beyan

Çalışma için etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir

Kaynakça

  • Saymah D, Tait L, Michail M. An overview of the mental health system in Gaza: an assessment using the World Health Organization's Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS). Int J Ment Health Syst. 2015;9:4.
  • D'Andrea W, Aboagye A, Lee KA, et al. Growing Up on the Edge: A Community-Based Mental Health Intervention for Children in Gaza. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2024;52(5):833-48.
  • Boukari Y, Kadir A, Waterston T, et al. Gaza, armed conflict and child health. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2024;8(1):e002407.
  • Abu Hamad B, Jones N, Samuels F. Mental health and psychosocial challenges facing adolescent girls in conflict-affected settings: The case of the Gaza Strip. Arab J Psychiatr. 2020;31(3):169-80.
  • Kamali M, Munyuzangabo M, Siddiqui FJ, et al. Delivering mental health and psychosocial support interventions to women and children in conflict settings: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health. 2020;5:e002014.
  • Slone M, Mann S. Effects of war, terrorism and armed conflict on young children: a systematic review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2016;47(6):950-65.
  • Wagner G, Glick P, Khammash U, et al. Exposure to violence and its relationship to mental health among young people in Palestine. East Mediterr Health J. 2020;26(2):189-197.
  • Save the Children. Trapped: The impact of 15 years of blockade on the mental health of Gaza’s children 2022. Access date: 10.10.2024. Available from: https://resourcecentre.savethechildren. net/document/trapped-the-impact-of-15-years-of-blockade-on-the-mental-health-of-gazas-children/.
  • Ghrayeb FAW, Mohamed Rusli A, Mohd Ismail I, Rifai A Al. Prevalence of suicide ideation and attempt among Palestinian adolescents: A cross-sectional study. World J Med Sci. 2014;10:261–6.
  • Agbaria N, Petzold S, Deckert A, et al. Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among Palestinian children and adolescents exposed to political violence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021;16(8):e0256426.
  • Altawil MAS, El-Asam A, Khadaroo A. Impact of chronic war trauma exposure on PTSD diagnosis from 2006 -2021: a longitudinal study in Palestine. Middle East Curr Psychiatry 2023;30:1–8.
  • Altawil MAS, Nel PW, Asker A. The Effects of Chronic War Trauma among Palestinian Children. In M. Parsons (Ed.) Children: The invisible victims of war- An interdisciplinary study. Peterborough-England; DSM Technical Pub.; 2008.
  • Hamad BA, Gercama I, Jones N, Hamra EA. No one told me about that: Exploring adolescent access to health ser­vices and information in Gaza 2017. Access date: 11.10.2024. Available from: https://www.gage.odi.org/publication/adolescent-health-services-gaza/
  • Ma’an Development Center. Living conditions of dis­placed people in shelters: “Gender focused qualitative study” 2014. Access date: 11.10.2024. Available from: https://www.maan-ctr.org/public/files/server/Publications/Books/Living.pdf
  • Marie M, SaadAdeen S, Battat M. Anxiety disorders and PTSD in Palestine: a literature review. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1):509.
  • Marie M, Hannigan B, Jones A. Mental health needs and services in the West Bank, Palestine. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2016;10:23.
  • Najjar S, Hafez S, Al Basuoni A, et al. Stakeholders' Perception of the Palestinian Health Workforce Accreditation and Regulation System: A Focus on Conceptualization, Influencing Factors and Barriers, and the Way Forward. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(13):8131.
  • Mathias K, Bunkley N, Pillai P, et al. Inverting the deficit model in global mental health: An examination of strengths and assets of community mental health care in Ghana, India, Occupied Palestinian territories, and South Africa. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2024;4(3):e0002575.
  • Marie M, Hannigan B, Jones A. Challenges for nurses who work in community mental health centres in the West Bank, Palestine. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2017;11:3.
  • Al-Jadba G, Zeidan W, Spiegel PB, Shaer T, Najjar S, Seita A. UNRWA at the frontlines: managing health care in Gaza during catastrophe. Lancet. 2024;403(10428):723-6.
  • Rockowitz S, Bayoumi R, Parr N, Awad A, Altawil M, Elmusharaf K. Fostering cultural resilience: assessing the success of a locally engaged and adapted mental health intervention in Gaza. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1390211.
  • Mohammed F, Elgailani USA, Ibrahim Ali SY, Mohamed RFA, Su Yin ET, Bravo-Vasquez ML. Defending the right to health in Gaza: a call to action by health workers. Confl Health. 2024;18(1):57.
  • Read UM, Kienzler H, Mitwalli S, Rabaia Y, Sakyi L, Osei-Tutu A. The ambiguities of social inclusion in mental health: learning from lived experience of serious mental illness in Ghana and the occupied Palestinian territory. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2024;59(3):503-13.
  • Department of Health. Creutzfeldt Jakob disease: Guidance for healthcare workers [homepage on the Internet]. c2003 [updated 2003 Mar 23; cited 2003 Nov 9]. Available from http://www.doh.gov.uk/pdfs/cjdguidance.pdf
  • Kienzler H, Daniel G, Hammoudeh W, Nashashibi R, Abu-Jamei Y, Giacaman R. Unbearable suffering: mental health consequences of the October 2023 Israeli military assault on the Gaza Strip. BMJ Glob Health. 2024;9(9):e014835.
  • Gammoh O, Sayaheen B, Alsous M, Al-Smadi A, Al-Jaidi B, Aljabali AAA. The Prevalence and Correlates of Depression, Anxiety, and Insomnia among Camp Residing Palestinian Women Migrants during the Outbreak of the War on Gaza: A Cross-Sectional Study from Jordan. Medicina (Kaunas). 2024;60(8):1228.
  • Chotiner I. (2023). The trauma of Gaza’s doctors. Ac­cess date: 12 Oct 2024. Available from: https://www.newyorker.com/ news/q-and-a/the-trauma-of-gazas-doctors
  • Insecurity I. (2024). A disturbing trend: over 1000 at­tacks on health care in the opt since 07 October 2023. Access date: 12 Oct 2024. Available from: https://reliefweb.int/report/ occupied-palestinian-territory/disturbing-trend-over- 1000-attacks-health-care-opt-07-october-2023
  • Bjertness E, Bjertness MS, Nyquist CB, Kromberg M, Elessi K, Lien L. Save the remaining people of Gaza-save the children. Lancet. 2023;402(10417):2072-3.
  • Helbich M, Jabr S. Mental health under occupation: an analysis of the de-politicization of the mental health discourse in Palestine and a call for a human rights approach. Int J Hum Rights Healthc. 2022;15:4–16.

Gazze’de ruh sağlığı hizmetleri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 29 Sayı: Special Issue on Gaza, 105 - 111, 28.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.1568415

Öz

Filistin’de İsrail’in on yıllardır süren işgaline bağlı olarak, kaybedilen ve yaralananların yanı sıra özellikle Gazze’de yaşayan kişilerin büyük bir kısmında ruh sağlığı problemleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Süregiden savaş koşulları temel insani ihtiyaçların karşılanmasını dahi zor hale getirmişken, ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin sunumu da önemli düzeyde kısıtlanmıştır. Bu makale son 20 yılda Gazze’deki kadınlar ile çocuk ve ergenlerin ruh sağlığı epidemiyolojisine ilişkin verilerin ve Gazze’deki ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin durumunu özellikle 7 Ekim 2023 olayları öncesi ve sonrasında ayrı ayrı gözden geçirmeyi amaçlamıştır. ‘Gaza mental health’, ‘Palestine mental health’, ve ‘Gaza child psychiatry’ anahtar kelimeleri ile literatür taranmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Saymah D, Tait L, Michail M. An overview of the mental health system in Gaza: an assessment using the World Health Organization's Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS). Int J Ment Health Syst. 2015;9:4.
  • D'Andrea W, Aboagye A, Lee KA, et al. Growing Up on the Edge: A Community-Based Mental Health Intervention for Children in Gaza. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2024;52(5):833-48.
  • Boukari Y, Kadir A, Waterston T, et al. Gaza, armed conflict and child health. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2024;8(1):e002407.
  • Abu Hamad B, Jones N, Samuels F. Mental health and psychosocial challenges facing adolescent girls in conflict-affected settings: The case of the Gaza Strip. Arab J Psychiatr. 2020;31(3):169-80.
  • Kamali M, Munyuzangabo M, Siddiqui FJ, et al. Delivering mental health and psychosocial support interventions to women and children in conflict settings: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health. 2020;5:e002014.
  • Slone M, Mann S. Effects of war, terrorism and armed conflict on young children: a systematic review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2016;47(6):950-65.
  • Wagner G, Glick P, Khammash U, et al. Exposure to violence and its relationship to mental health among young people in Palestine. East Mediterr Health J. 2020;26(2):189-197.
  • Save the Children. Trapped: The impact of 15 years of blockade on the mental health of Gaza’s children 2022. Access date: 10.10.2024. Available from: https://resourcecentre.savethechildren. net/document/trapped-the-impact-of-15-years-of-blockade-on-the-mental-health-of-gazas-children/.
  • Ghrayeb FAW, Mohamed Rusli A, Mohd Ismail I, Rifai A Al. Prevalence of suicide ideation and attempt among Palestinian adolescents: A cross-sectional study. World J Med Sci. 2014;10:261–6.
  • Agbaria N, Petzold S, Deckert A, et al. Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among Palestinian children and adolescents exposed to political violence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021;16(8):e0256426.
  • Altawil MAS, El-Asam A, Khadaroo A. Impact of chronic war trauma exposure on PTSD diagnosis from 2006 -2021: a longitudinal study in Palestine. Middle East Curr Psychiatry 2023;30:1–8.
  • Altawil MAS, Nel PW, Asker A. The Effects of Chronic War Trauma among Palestinian Children. In M. Parsons (Ed.) Children: The invisible victims of war- An interdisciplinary study. Peterborough-England; DSM Technical Pub.; 2008.
  • Hamad BA, Gercama I, Jones N, Hamra EA. No one told me about that: Exploring adolescent access to health ser­vices and information in Gaza 2017. Access date: 11.10.2024. Available from: https://www.gage.odi.org/publication/adolescent-health-services-gaza/
  • Ma’an Development Center. Living conditions of dis­placed people in shelters: “Gender focused qualitative study” 2014. Access date: 11.10.2024. Available from: https://www.maan-ctr.org/public/files/server/Publications/Books/Living.pdf
  • Marie M, SaadAdeen S, Battat M. Anxiety disorders and PTSD in Palestine: a literature review. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1):509.
  • Marie M, Hannigan B, Jones A. Mental health needs and services in the West Bank, Palestine. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2016;10:23.
  • Najjar S, Hafez S, Al Basuoni A, et al. Stakeholders' Perception of the Palestinian Health Workforce Accreditation and Regulation System: A Focus on Conceptualization, Influencing Factors and Barriers, and the Way Forward. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(13):8131.
  • Mathias K, Bunkley N, Pillai P, et al. Inverting the deficit model in global mental health: An examination of strengths and assets of community mental health care in Ghana, India, Occupied Palestinian territories, and South Africa. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2024;4(3):e0002575.
  • Marie M, Hannigan B, Jones A. Challenges for nurses who work in community mental health centres in the West Bank, Palestine. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2017;11:3.
  • Al-Jadba G, Zeidan W, Spiegel PB, Shaer T, Najjar S, Seita A. UNRWA at the frontlines: managing health care in Gaza during catastrophe. Lancet. 2024;403(10428):723-6.
  • Rockowitz S, Bayoumi R, Parr N, Awad A, Altawil M, Elmusharaf K. Fostering cultural resilience: assessing the success of a locally engaged and adapted mental health intervention in Gaza. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1390211.
  • Mohammed F, Elgailani USA, Ibrahim Ali SY, Mohamed RFA, Su Yin ET, Bravo-Vasquez ML. Defending the right to health in Gaza: a call to action by health workers. Confl Health. 2024;18(1):57.
  • Read UM, Kienzler H, Mitwalli S, Rabaia Y, Sakyi L, Osei-Tutu A. The ambiguities of social inclusion in mental health: learning from lived experience of serious mental illness in Ghana and the occupied Palestinian territory. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2024;59(3):503-13.
  • Department of Health. Creutzfeldt Jakob disease: Guidance for healthcare workers [homepage on the Internet]. c2003 [updated 2003 Mar 23; cited 2003 Nov 9]. Available from http://www.doh.gov.uk/pdfs/cjdguidance.pdf
  • Kienzler H, Daniel G, Hammoudeh W, Nashashibi R, Abu-Jamei Y, Giacaman R. Unbearable suffering: mental health consequences of the October 2023 Israeli military assault on the Gaza Strip. BMJ Glob Health. 2024;9(9):e014835.
  • Gammoh O, Sayaheen B, Alsous M, Al-Smadi A, Al-Jaidi B, Aljabali AAA. The Prevalence and Correlates of Depression, Anxiety, and Insomnia among Camp Residing Palestinian Women Migrants during the Outbreak of the War on Gaza: A Cross-Sectional Study from Jordan. Medicina (Kaunas). 2024;60(8):1228.
  • Chotiner I. (2023). The trauma of Gaza’s doctors. Ac­cess date: 12 Oct 2024. Available from: https://www.newyorker.com/ news/q-and-a/the-trauma-of-gazas-doctors
  • Insecurity I. (2024). A disturbing trend: over 1000 at­tacks on health care in the opt since 07 October 2023. Access date: 12 Oct 2024. Available from: https://reliefweb.int/report/ occupied-palestinian-territory/disturbing-trend-over- 1000-attacks-health-care-opt-07-october-2023
  • Bjertness E, Bjertness MS, Nyquist CB, Kromberg M, Elessi K, Lien L. Save the remaining people of Gaza-save the children. Lancet. 2023;402(10417):2072-3.
  • Helbich M, Jabr S. Mental health under occupation: an analysis of the de-politicization of the mental health discourse in Palestine and a call for a human rights approach. Int J Hum Rights Healthc. 2022;15:4–16.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikiyatri
Bölüm DERLEME
Yazarlar

Büşra Arslan 0000-0002-1100-2015

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 30 Kasım 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 29 Sayı: Special Issue on Gaza

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Arslan B. Mental health services in Gaza. Anadolu Klin. 2024;29(Special Issue on Gaza):105-11.

13151 This Journal licensed under a CC BY-NC (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0) International License.