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Optimizing frontal sinus minitrephination: A computed tomography-based anatomical analysis for enhanced surgical precision

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 3, 469 - 476, 25.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.1729301

Öz

Aim: Surgical management of chronic frontal sinusitis poses significant challenges due to the highly variable anatomy of the frontal sinus. While endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is commonly employed, it has limitations in accurately diagnosing and excising frontal sinus pathology, particularly in visualizing drainage pathways. Minitrephination serves as a less invasive alternative; however, anatomical variation often complicates the identification of a reliable entry point. This study aims to determine optimal anatomical landmarks for frontal sinus minitrephination using three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) imaging, with the goal of improving surgical accuracy and safety.

Methods: A total of 432 patients (864 frontal sinuses) were evaluated using 64-slice multidetector CT (MDCT) scanning. Frontal sinus dimensions and maximum depth were measured relative to predefined X and Y axes on axial, coronal, and sagittal images. Anatomical variations, including hypoplasia, were also recorded.

Results: Hypoplastic frontal sinuses were identified in 4.4% of right and 3.5% of left sinuses. The average depth of the frontal sinus was 14.43 ± 4.73 mm on the right and 14.48 ± 5.43 mm on the left. No significant correlation was found between sinus measurements and patient age. However, male patients exhibited significantly greater Y-coordinate values and frontal sinus depth compared to female patients (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: This study quantitatively demonstrates the extent of anatomical variation in the frontal sinus region and highlights sex-related differences. The findings support the implementation of precise CT-based preoperative planning for frontal sinus minitrephination. Such individualized anatomical mapping may reduce procedural complications and improve surgical outcomes in patients undergoing treatment for chronic frontal sinusitis.

Kaynakça

  • Acharya S, Dash A. Frontal sinus and its outflow tract: a comprehensive anatomical and surgical review. Int J Health Sci. 2022;6(S8):6352–60.
  • Ansari H, Haghighi S. Headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of the cranium, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth, or other facial structure. In: Headache and Migraine in Practice. Academic Press; 2022. p. 187–200.
  • Davraj K, Yadav M, Chappity P, et al. Nasal physiology and sinusitis. In: Essentials of Rhinology. 2021. p. 49–101.
  • Craig JR, Saibene AM, Felisati G. Sinusitis management in odontogenic sinusitis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2024;57(6):1157–71.
  • Hom DB, Bernstein JD. Reducing risks of facial scarring. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2023;31(2):195.
  • Verma H, Manchanda S, Kumar S, et al. Endoscopic anatomy and surgery. In: Essentials of Rhinology. 2021. p. 1–30.
  • Omani MA, Crepy-Ameil M, Grinholtz-Haddad J, Zaer S, Benkhatar H. Development of a new device for postoperative self-irrigation of the maxillary and frontal sinus. Ear Nose Throat J. 2023;102(4):239–43.
  • Yan CH, Kennedy DW. Evolution and challenges in frontal sinus surgery. In: Frontal Sinus Surgery: A Systematic Approach. 2019. p. 1–10.
  • Tawfik A, Abd El-Fattah AM, El-Sisi H, Kamal E, Ebada HA. Nasal spine of the frontal bone: a consistent landmark for safe outside-in frontal drill-out. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2022;36(6):773–9.
  • Robles M, Morgan RM, Rando C. A novel method for producing 3D models of paranasal sinuses for forensic anthropology applications. Aust J Forensic Sci. 2021;53(6):693–702.
  • Cvrček J, Velemínský P, Jor T, Rmoutilová R, Brůžek J. Frontal sinus anatomy of the noble Swéerts‐Sporck family and verification of their biological relationships using similarity analysis. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2021;304(8):1717–31.
  • Patel RG, Chern A, Tan BK, Citardi MJ. Anatomic variations of the frontal sinus outflow tract: a computed tomography study of 1000 sides. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2022;12(5):678–84.
  • Harvey RJ, Adappa ND. Navigating the frontal sinus: tools and techniques in the era of image guidance. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021;29(1):34–40.
  • Douglas RG, Wormald PJ. Anatomical and pathophysiological aspects of frontal sinus surgery. J Laryngol Otol. 2020;134(S1):S8–14.
  • Yoon YH, Kim CH, Cho HJ. Analysis of frontal sinus measurements using three-dimensional computed tomography for surgical safety. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2021;14(2):173–80.
  • Sedaghat AR, Gray ST. The role of image guidance in frontal sinus surgery: efficacy and safety review. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2020;34(2):222–8.
  • Casiano RR. Contemporary approaches to the frontal sinus: from Draf I to Draf III and beyond. Oper Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2023;34(2):101205.

Frontal sinüs minitrepanasyonunun optimizasyonu: Cerrahi hassasiyeti artırmaya yönelik bilgisayarlı tomografi tabanlı anatomik analiz

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 3, 469 - 476, 25.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.1729301

Öz

Amaç: Kronik frontal sinüzitin cerrahi yönetimi, frontal sinüsün oldukça değişken anatomisi nedeniyle önemli zorluklar içermektedir. Endoskopik sinüs cerrahisi (ESC) yaygın olarak uygulanmakla birlikte, frontal sinüs patolojisinin doğru şekilde teşhisi ve eksizyonunda, özellikle de drenaj yollarının görselleştirilmesinde sınırlılıklar taşımaktadır. Minitrepanasyon, daha az invaziv bir alternatif olarak öne çıkmakta; ancak, anatomik varyasyonlar güvenilir bir giriş noktasının belirlenmesini güçleştirmektedir. Bu çalışma, üç boyutlu bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) görüntüleme yöntemi kullanarak frontal sinüs minitrepanasyonu için optimal anatomik referans noktalarını belirlemeyi ve böylece cerrahi doğruluk ve güvenliği artırmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Yöntemler: Toplam 432 hastanın (864 frontal sinüs) 64 kesitli multidetektör BT (MDCT) görüntüleri değerlendirildi. Frontal sinüs boyutları ve maksimum derinlik, aksiyel, koronal ve sagital düzlemlerde tanımlanmış X ve Y eksenlerine göre ölçüldü. Hipoplazi gibi anatomik varyasyonlar da kaydedildi.

Bulgular: Sağ frontal sinüslerin %4,4’ünde ve sol frontal sinüslerin %3,5’inde hipoplazi saptandı. Frontal sinüsün ortalama derinliği sağ tarafta 14,43 ± 4,73 mm, sol tarafta ise 14,48 ± 5,43 mm olarak ölçüldü. Sinüs ölçümleri ile hasta yaşı arasında anlamlı bir korelasyon bulunmadı. Bununla birlikte, erkek hastalarda kadın hastalara kıyasla Y-koordinat değerleri ve frontal sinüs derinliği anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulundu (p < 0,05).

Sonuçlar: Bu çalışma, frontal sinüs bölgesindeki anatomik varyasyonun nicel düzeyde belirginliğini ortaya koymakta ve cinsiyete bağlı farklara dikkat çekmektedir. Bulgular, frontal sinüs minitrepanasyonu öncesi hassas BT tabanlı planlamanın uygulanmasını desteklemektedir. Bu şekilde yapılacak bireyselleştirilmiş anatomik haritalama, işlem sırasında oluşabilecek komplikasyonları azaltabilir ve kronik frontal sinüzit tedavisi gören hastalarda cerrahi başarıyı artırabilir.

Kaynakça

  • Acharya S, Dash A. Frontal sinus and its outflow tract: a comprehensive anatomical and surgical review. Int J Health Sci. 2022;6(S8):6352–60.
  • Ansari H, Haghighi S. Headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of the cranium, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth, or other facial structure. In: Headache and Migraine in Practice. Academic Press; 2022. p. 187–200.
  • Davraj K, Yadav M, Chappity P, et al. Nasal physiology and sinusitis. In: Essentials of Rhinology. 2021. p. 49–101.
  • Craig JR, Saibene AM, Felisati G. Sinusitis management in odontogenic sinusitis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2024;57(6):1157–71.
  • Hom DB, Bernstein JD. Reducing risks of facial scarring. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2023;31(2):195.
  • Verma H, Manchanda S, Kumar S, et al. Endoscopic anatomy and surgery. In: Essentials of Rhinology. 2021. p. 1–30.
  • Omani MA, Crepy-Ameil M, Grinholtz-Haddad J, Zaer S, Benkhatar H. Development of a new device for postoperative self-irrigation of the maxillary and frontal sinus. Ear Nose Throat J. 2023;102(4):239–43.
  • Yan CH, Kennedy DW. Evolution and challenges in frontal sinus surgery. In: Frontal Sinus Surgery: A Systematic Approach. 2019. p. 1–10.
  • Tawfik A, Abd El-Fattah AM, El-Sisi H, Kamal E, Ebada HA. Nasal spine of the frontal bone: a consistent landmark for safe outside-in frontal drill-out. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2022;36(6):773–9.
  • Robles M, Morgan RM, Rando C. A novel method for producing 3D models of paranasal sinuses for forensic anthropology applications. Aust J Forensic Sci. 2021;53(6):693–702.
  • Cvrček J, Velemínský P, Jor T, Rmoutilová R, Brůžek J. Frontal sinus anatomy of the noble Swéerts‐Sporck family and verification of their biological relationships using similarity analysis. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2021;304(8):1717–31.
  • Patel RG, Chern A, Tan BK, Citardi MJ. Anatomic variations of the frontal sinus outflow tract: a computed tomography study of 1000 sides. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2022;12(5):678–84.
  • Harvey RJ, Adappa ND. Navigating the frontal sinus: tools and techniques in the era of image guidance. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021;29(1):34–40.
  • Douglas RG, Wormald PJ. Anatomical and pathophysiological aspects of frontal sinus surgery. J Laryngol Otol. 2020;134(S1):S8–14.
  • Yoon YH, Kim CH, Cho HJ. Analysis of frontal sinus measurements using three-dimensional computed tomography for surgical safety. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2021;14(2):173–80.
  • Sedaghat AR, Gray ST. The role of image guidance in frontal sinus surgery: efficacy and safety review. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2020;34(2):222–8.
  • Casiano RR. Contemporary approaches to the frontal sinus: from Draf I to Draf III and beyond. Oper Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2023;34(2):101205.
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kulak Burun Boğaz
Bölüm ORJİNAL MAKALE
Yazarlar

Necdet Özçelik 0000-0002-5548-6488

Elvin Alaskarov 0000-0002-3572-0062

Husam Vehbi 0000-0002-5039-3768

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Kabul Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Özçelik N, Alaskarov E, Vehbi H. Optimizing frontal sinus minitrephination: A computed tomography-based anatomical analysis for enhanced surgical precision. Anadolu Klin. 2025;30(3):469-76.

13151 This Journal licensed under a CC BY-NC (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0) International License.