Uluslararası Hukuk ve Yapay Zeka

Öz

Yapay zekâ (YZ) teknolojilerinin küresel ölçekte hızla gelişmesi, uluslararası hukuk sistemlerinde düzenleyici boşluklar ve yetersizlikler ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu makale, YZ ile uluslararası hukuk arasındaki kesişimi inceleyerek, mevcut düzenleyici yaklaşımları analiz etmekte, temel yönetişim zorluklarını ortaya koymakta ve daha tutarlı, bağlamsal ve ölçülebilir uluslararası çerçeveler geliştirmek üzere öneriler sunmaktadır. Makale, literatürdeki teorik yaklaşımları ve uygulamadaki bölgesel düzenlemeleri karşılaştırarak, özellikle Avrupa Birliği'nin yatay yaklaşımı ile Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin bağlama özgü modeli arasındaki ayrımı vurgular. Ayrıca, teknolojik riskler, yargı yetkisi sorunları, Kuzey-Güney ayrımı ve inovasyon ile risk azaltma arasındaki denge gibi başlıca zorluklar analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma, bağlayıcı ve bağlayıcı olmayan hukuki araçların bir arada kullanıldığı katmanlı yönetişim modellerini önererek, hem ulusal farklılıkları gözeten hem de uluslararası koordinasyonu mümkün kılan esnek bir çerçeve geliştirilmesini savunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, YZ’nin küresel etkilerine karşı uluslararası hukuk normlarının uyarlanması, teknolojinin insanlığın ortak yararına hizmet etmesini sağlamak için elzemdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uluslararası hukuk
• yapay zeka
• bilişim hukuku

International Law and Artificial Intelligence

Öz

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on a global scale has revealed regulatory gaps and inadequacies in international legal systems. By examining the intersection between AI and international law, this article analyzes existing regulatory approaches, identifies key governance challenges, and provides recommendations to develop more coherent, contextualized and measurable international frameworks. The article compares theoretical approaches in the literature and regional arrangements in practice, highlighting in particular the distinction between the horizontal approach of the European Union and the context-specific model of the United States. It also analyzes the main challenges, such as technological risks, jurisdictional issues, the North-South divide, and the balance between innovation and risk mitigation. By proposing layered governance models with a combination of binding and non-binding legal instruments, the study argues for the development of a flexible framework that both respects national differences and enables international coordination. In conclusion, adapting international legal norms to the global impacts of AI is essential to ensure that technology serves the common good of humanity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• International Law
• Artificial Intelligence
• IT Law

Kaynakça

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