AB'nin-Rusya Enerji İlişkilerinin Jeopolitiği: Bağımlılıktan Çeşitlendirmeye

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 237 - 246, 30.06.2025

Elmir Badalov

Öz

Avrupa Birliği (AB) ve Rusya arasındaki enerji ilişkisi, tarihsel olarak Avrupa enerji politikasının temel taşlarından biri olmuştur. Bu ilişki, geniş boru hattı ağları, jeopolitik gerilimler ve değişen piyasa dinamiklerine dayanan karmaşık bir karşılıklı bağımlılıkla şekillenmiştir. Ancak, Rusya’nın 2022’de Ukrayna’yı işgali, AB'yi Rus gazına olan bağımlılığını azaltmaya ve kapsamlı çeşitlendirme stratejileri benimsemeye zorlayan dramatik bir dönüşüme yol açmıştır. Bu makale, AB’nin tarihsel bağımlılığını, Ukrayna’daki savaşın enerji ilişkileri üzerindeki doğrudan etkilerini ve savaş sonrası dönemde AB'nin enerji güvenliğini ve sürdürülebilirliğini artırmak için izlediği stratejileri incelemektedir. Çalışmada özellikle jeopolitik etkiler, altyapı gelişmeleri ve yenilenebilir enerjinin AB'nin gelecekteki enerji manzarasını nasıl şekillendirdiği üzerinde durulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Enerji Güvenliği , Boru Hattı Altyapısı , Yenilenebilir Enerji , Doğal Gaz , Avrupa Birliği

THE GEOPOLITICS OF EU-RUSSIA ENERGY RELATIONS: FROM DEPENDENCY TO DIVERSIFICATION

Öz

The energy relationship between the European Union (EU) and Russia has historically been a cornerstone of European energy policy, marked by a complex interdependence rooted in extensive pipeline networks, geopolitical tensions, and shifting market dynamics. However, Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 catalyzed a dramatic shift, forcing the EU to reduce its dependency on Russian gas and adopt comprehensive diversification strategies. This article delves into the historical dependency, the immediate impacts of the Ukraine conflict on energy relations, and the post-war strategies employed by the EU to enhance energy security and sustainability. Emphasis is placed on the geopolitical implications, infrastructure developments, and the role of renewable energy in shaping the EU's future energy landscape.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Energy Security , Pipeline Infrastructure , Renewable Energy , Natural Gas , European Union

Etik Beyan

I, Elmir Badalov, the author of the manuscript titled "THE GEOPOLITICS OF EU-RUSSIA ENERGY RELATIONS: FROM DEPENDENCY TO DIVERSIFICATION," confirm that this work is original, has not been published elsewhere, and is not under consideration for publication in another journal. The research adheres to academic integrity standards, with all sources properly cited, and no form of plagiarism, data fabrication, or falsification. There are no conflicts of interest that could have influenced the research. The study does not involve human participants, animals, or sensitive data requiring ethical clearance. This manuscript complies with the ethical guidelines of Anadolu Strateji Dergisi, and I affirm my commitment to responsible research and publication practices. Author: Elmir Badalov Date: 9 March 2025

Teşekkür

Dear Editorial Team of Anadolu Strateji Dergisi, I sincerely appreciate the opportunity to have my article, "The Geopolitics of EU-Russia Energy Relations: From Dependency to Diversification," reviewed by your esteemed journal. Thank you for your time and consideration. I value the rigorous review process and look forward to any feedback that can help improve the quality of my work. Best regards, Elmir Badalov

Kaynakça

• Dickel, R. (2012). The Role of Natural Gas in Europe: Options to Meet Demands. CEPS Working Paper.
• Dickel, R. (2014). LNG Market Trends and Europe’s Strategic Interests. CEPS Energy Series.
• Dickel, R. (2015). Geopolitical Implications of Europe’s Energy Transition. CEPS Working Document.
• Dickel, R. (2020). The Future of Russian Gas in the EU: Policy and Market Trends. CEPS Policy Brief.
• ENTSOG (2021). Gas Security Supply Report: EU Interconnectivity and Resilience.
• ENTSOG (2022). Yearly Supply Outlook 2022/2023. European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas.
• ENTSOG (2023). Infrastructure Investment and Resilience in EU Gas Systems. European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas.
• ENTSOG (2023). LNG Infrastructure Development in Europe. European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas.
• European Commission (2014). European Energy Security Strategy. European Commission Publications.
• European Commission (2020). The Southern Gas Corridor: A Strategic Investment. European Commission Brief.
• European Commission (2022). Decarbonizing Europe: Progress and Challenges. European Commission Annual Report.
• European Commission (2022). REPowerEU: A Plan for a Sustainable Energy Future. European Commission Press.
• European Hydrogen Backbone Initiative (2023). Building Europe’s Hydrogen Future.
• Le Coq, C., & Paltseva, E. (2009). The EU-Russia Gas Relationship: A Partnership of Strategic Importance. Energy Policy, 37, 2829-2838.
• Le Coq, C., & Paltseva, E. (2010). Energy Market Integration and Security in Europe. Energy Economics, 40.
• Le Coq, C., & Paltseva, E. (2012). Assessing Gas Transit Risks: Russia vs. the EU. Energy Policy, 50, 710-721.
• Nguyen, T., Defard, M., & Breucker, P. (2023). Gas Supply Security in Europe Beyond the War. CEPS Policy Paper.
• Nguyen, T., et al. (2022). Lessons from the Ukraine Conflict: Impacts on Energy Systems. Energy Policy, 114, 76-88.
• Nguyen, T., et al. (2023). Regional Cooperation in Energy Security: EU’s Strategic Framework. Energy Journal, 32.
• Nikas, A., Rinaldi, G., Golinucci, N., & Rocco, M. (2023). EU Energy Transition After the Russian Invasion. Energy Research & Social Science, 96.
• Nikas, A., et al. (2023). Hydrogen as a Decarbonization Tool for the EU: Opportunities and Challenges. Energy Strategy Reviews, 34.
• Nikas, A., et al. (2023). Renewable Integration and Energy Security in the EU: Post-2022 Challenges. Renewable Energy Journal, 56.
• Stern, J. (2006). EU-Russia Gas Relations: A Political and Economic Analysis. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.
• Stern, J. (2006). The Russian-Ukrainian Gas Crisis of January 2006. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.
• Stern, J. (2009). Natural Gas Security in the EU: The January 2009 Disruption to Supplies. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.