Araştırma Makalesi
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SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KÜLTÜREL MİRAS VE İYİLEŞTİREN ARKEOLOJİ: KAHRAMANMARAŞ MERKEZLİ 6 ŞUBAT DEPREMLERİ SONRASI AÇÇANA HÖYÜK, ESKİ ALALAH KENTİ KERPİÇ ANITLARININ KORUNMASINDA KOLEKTİF SÜREÇLER

Yıl 2024, , 29 - 53, 20.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.36891/anatolia.1498754

Öz

Türkiye’nin Güneydoğu ve Suriye’nin kuzey illerini etkileyen Kahramanmaraş merkezli 6 Şubat depremlerinin beraberinde getirdiği ve kuşaklar boyunca hatırlanacak olan bireysel ve toplumsal yıkım, Antakya gibi neredeyse bütün yapıların hasar aldığı kent merkezlerinin çok daha üstündedir. Bu nedenle, bir yandan depremden etkilenen kentlerin yeniden inşa süreci devam ederken, diğer yandan da bireylerin ve toplumların iyileşme sürecinin de çok katmanlı bir yapıda kurgulanması gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada, birçok ekip üyesi depremlerden birinci derecede etkilenen Mukiş Krallığı’nın başkenti Aççana Höyük, Eski Alalah kenti kazıları kapsamında yürütülen kerpiç anıtların korunmasına yönelik sürdürülebilir kültürel miras projesinin ilksel sonuçları aktarılmıştır. Yüzyıllık bir arkeolojik araştırma geçmişine sahip bir coğrafyanın sosyo-politik gelişimleri, çevresel değişimleri ve doğal afetler kıskacında Türkiye-Suriye sınırına 3 km mesafede yer alan unutulmuş bir kültürel miras alanında deprem sonrası yürütülen koruma çalışmaları, hatırlama, sahiplenme ve iyileştiren arkeoloji teması altında sunulmuştur.

Destekleyen Kurum

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, TÜBİTAK BİÇABA, American Society of Overseas Research

Teşekkür

Aççana Höyük’te deprem sonrası kültürel mirasın korunmasına yönelik yürütülen çalışmalar, Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı’nın himayesinde, Türk Tarih Kurumu, TÜBİTAK BİÇABA Projesi ve American Society of Overseas Research’ün katkılarıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deprem sonrası gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarda görev alan meslektaşlarım Müge Bulu, Tara Ingman ve Hélène Maloigne’ye, Aççana Höyük kazı başkan yardımcısı ve arazi direktörü Onur Hasan Kırman’a, arkeologlar Gökhan Tektaş, Baran Kerim Ecer, Mehmet Çalgıcı, Gamze Alkan, Hikmet Eslikızı, Arman Alp ve Ebru Gizem Ayten’e, değerli öğrencilerimiz Mustafa Bilgin, Defne Güler Bilgili ve Büşra Hekimoğlu’na ve proje kapsamında arazide bizimle çalışan Varışlı Köyü sakinleri Abdullah Öz, Gazi Yılmaz, Mehmet Fatih Sert, Hüseyin Yener, Ahmet Kılıç, Yusuf Sertel ve Hasan Biçer’e sonsuz teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Emeği geçen bütün ekip üyelerimiz adına bu çalışma, depremde yitirdiklerimize ithaf edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

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SUSTAINABLE HERITAGE AND THE HEALING POTENTIAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY: COLLECTIVE WORK FOLLOWING THE FEBRURARY 6TH KAHRAMANMARAŞ EARTHQUAKES IN THE PRESERVATION OF THE MUD BRICK MONUMENTS AT TELL ATCHANA, ALALAKH

Yıl 2024, , 29 - 53, 20.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.36891/anatolia.1498754

Öz

The individual and societal trauma created by the February 6th Kahramanmaraş earthquakes that affected the major cities of Southeastern Türkiye and Syria are far beyond the devastating destruction, particularly at Antakya, where almost every structure was damaged. Thus, in line with the re-building of the cities affected by the earthquakes, multi-layered individual and societal healing processes must therefore be planned. This study presents the initial results of the sustainable cultural heritage initiative aimed at preserving the mudbrick monuments within the research excavations conducted by the Tell Atchana, Alalakh Excavations, where numerous team members were personally impacted by the earthquakes. The capital city of the Kingdom of Mukish serves as the focal point of this preservation effort. The restoration efforts following the earthquake at a forgotten heritage site near the Turkish-Syrian border, influenced by socio-political changes, environmental shifts, and a natural catastrophe in a region with a century-old research history, are showcased, with a focus on remembering, embracing and healing archaeology endeavors.

Kaynakça

  • Kaynakça Akar, M. 2014. “Bir Başkenti Tanıtmak: Yeni Hatay Arkeoloji Müzesi, Alalah Sergi Salonu / Presenting a Capital City: The Alalakh Gallery in the New Hatay Archaeological Museum.” ANMED 12:261-6.
  • Akar, M. 2017. “Late Middle Bronze Age International Connections: An Egyptian Style Kohl Pot from Alalakh.” E. Kozal – M. Akar – Y. Heffron – Ç. Çilingiroğlu – T. E. Şerifoğlu ve diğ. (ed.), Questions, Approaches, and Dialogues in the Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology. Studies in Honor of Marie-Henriette and Charles Gates, Münster: Alter Orient und Altes Testament, 215-28.
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  • Akar, M. – O. H. Kırman – M. Bulu – H. Maloigne – T. Ingman – G. Tektaş – B. K. Ecer. 2024. “Embracing Heritage, Empowering Communities: Visualizing Fieldwork and the 6 February 2023 Earthquakes at the Bronze Age City of Tell Atchana, Alalakh.” Journal of Field Archaeology 49:1- 24. DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2024.2375185
  • Akar, M. – M. Bulu – T. Ingman – U. Avşar – K. A. Yener. 2024. “Mukiş Krallığı’nın Başkenti Aççana Höyük, Eski Alalah Kenti Çok Yönlü Arkeolojik Araştırmaları: Yeni Sorular, Yeni Sonuçlar.” Arkeoloji ve Sanat 175:17-36.
  • Akar, M. – D. Kara. 2020. “The Formation of Collective, Political and Cultural Memory in the Middle Bronze Age: Foundation and Termination Rituals at Toprakhisar Höyük.” AnatSt 70:77-103. DOI: 10.1017/S0066154619000139
  • Akar, M. – K. A. Yener – M. Bulu – T. Ingman. 2021. “A Fresh Perspective on the Middle Bronze Age at Tell Atchana Alalakh: The 2007-2019 Seasons.” S. R. Steadman – G. McMahon (ed.), The Archaeology of Anatolia, Volume IV: Recent Discoveries (2018-2020). Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 75-95.
  • Altunsu, E. – O. Güneş – S. Öztürk – S. Sorosh – A. Sarı ve diğ. 2024. “Investigating the structural damage in Hatay province after Kahramanmaraş-Türkiye earthquake sequences.” Engineering Failure Analysis 157:107857. DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107857
  • Apaydin, V. 2018a. “Critical Community Engagement in Heritage Studies.” C. Smith (ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology (2nd ed.). Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2791-2797.
  • Apaydin, V. 2018b. “Introduction: Approaches to Heritage and Communities.” V. Apaydin (ed.), Shared Knowledge, Shared Power Engaging Local and Indigenous Heritage. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 1-8.
  • Arauz, E. 2014. “Aççana Höyük, Alalah'ta Arkeo-Park Projesi ve Toplumsal Arkeoloji Çalışmaları / The Arkeo-Park Project and Community Engagement at Tell Atchana, Alalakh.” M. Akar – H. Maloigne (ed.), Unutulmuş Krallık. Antik Alalah'ta Arkeoloji ve Fotoğraf / The Forgotten Kingdom. Archaeology and Photography at Ancient Alalakh. İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları, 99-113.
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  • Hodder, I. 2010. “Cultural Heritage Rights: From Ownership and Descent to Justice and Well-being.” Anthropological Quarterly 83 (4):861-82.
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  • Karul, N. 2022. “Şanlıurfa Neolitik Çağ Araştırmaları Projesi: Taş Tepeler.” Arkeoloji ve Sanat Dergisi 169:8-14. Kavazanjian, E. 2004. “The Use of Geosynthetics for Archaeological Site Reburial.” Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 6 (3-4):377-93.
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  • Magness-Gardinier, B. 1994. “Urban-Rural Relations in the Bronze Age Syria. Evidence from Alalah Level VII Palace Archives.” G. M. Schwartz – S. E. Falconer (ed.), Archaeological Views from the Countryside: Village Communities in Early Complex Socities. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 37-47.
  • Maloigne, H. 2017. “How Idrimi came to London: Diplomacy and the Division of Archaeological Finds in the 1930s.” Museum History Journal 10 (2):200-16. DOI: 10.1080/19369816.2017.1328874
  • Marchand, T. H. J. 2013. “The Djenné Mosque. World Heritage and Social Renewal in a West African Town.” V. Oskar (ed.), Religious Architecture. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 117-48.
  • Matthiae, P. 1985. I Tesori di Ebla (2nd ed.). Roma: Laterza&Figli Spa.
  • McElwee, P. 2021. “The Role of Soils in Learning and Inspiration, Physical and Psychological Experiences, and in Supporting Identities.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 376 (1834):20200184. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0184
  • Meng, J. – T. Kusky – W. D. Mooney – E. Bozkurt – M. N. Bodur ve diğ. 2024. “Surface deformations of the 6 February 2023 earthquake sequence, eastern Türkiye.” Science 383 (6680):298-305. DOI: 10.1126/science.adj377
  • Mickel, A. – P. Filipowicz – L. Bennison-Chapman. 2021. “A Quarter-century of Community Engagement at Çatalhöyük.” I. Hodder – C. Tsoraki (ed.) Communities at Work. The Making of Çatalhöyük. London: British Institute at Ankara, 13-26.
  • Mielke, D. P. 2018. “Hittite Fortifications Between Function and Symbolism.” A. Ballmer – M. Fernandez-Götz – D. P. Mielke (ed.), Understanding Ancient Fortifications. Between Regionality and Connectivity. Oxford & Philadelphia: Oxbow Books, 63-82.
  • Oates, D. 1990. “Innovations in Mud-Brick: Decorative and Structural Techniques in Ancient Mesopotamia.” World Archaeology, 21(3), 388-406.
  • Osorio G. Silva, L. 2020. “The Myth of the Mundane: The Symbolism of Mud Brick and Its Architectural Implications.” JARCE 56:181-97. DOI: 10.5913/jarce.56.2020.a012
  • Özbaşaran, M. – G. Duru – D. Teksöz – D. Teksöz – S. Omacan ¬2010. “Yaşayan Geçmiş Aşıklı Höyük.” TÜBA-KED 8: 215-228.
  • Özdoğan, M. 2006a. Arkeolojinin Politikası ve Politik Bir Araç Olarak Arkeoloji. İstanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Özdoğan, M. 2006b. “Türkiye Arkeolojisine Tarihsel Süreç İçinde Bir Bakış.” Ü. Yalçın – C. Pulak – R. Slotta (ed.), Uluburun Gemisi. 3000 Yıl Önce Dünya Ticareti. İstanbul: Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum Yayınları, 29-46.
  • Özdoğan, M. 2011. 50 Soruda Arkeoloji. İstanbul: 7 Renk Basım Yayın ve Filmcilik.
  • Pasiecznik, N. – P. Harris – S. Smith. 2004. Identifying Tropical Prosopis Species: A Field Guide. Coventry: HDRA. Redford, S. (ed.) 2014. Antioch on the Orontes. Early Explorations in the City of Mosaics / Asi'deki Antakya. Mozaikler Şehrinde İlk Araştırmalar. İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Ren, C. – Z. Wang – T. Taymaz – N. Hu – H. Luo ve diğ. 2024. “Supershear triggering and cascading fault ruptures of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye, earthquake doublet.” Science 383 (6680):305-11. DOI: 10.1126/science.adi151 Schaepe, D. M. – B. Angelbeck – D. Snook – J. R. Welch. 2017. “Archaeology as Therapy: Connecting Belongings, Knowledge, Time, Place, and Well-Being.” CurrAnthr 58 (4):502-33. DOI: 10.1086/692985
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  • Sheweka, S. 2011. “Using Mud Bricks as a Temporary Solution for Gaza Reconstruction.” Energy Procedia 6:236-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.05.027
  • Smith, S. 1949. The Statue of Idri-mi. London: The British Institute of Archaeology in Ankara.
  • Ussishkin, D. 1989. “The Erection of Royal Monuments in City Gates.” K. Emre – B. Hrouda – M. Mellink – N. Özgüç (ed.), Anatolia and the Ancient Near East. Studies in Honor of Tahsin Özgüç. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 487-96.
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  • Woolley, C. L. 1953. A Forgotten Kingdom: A Record of the Results Obtained from the Recent Important Excavations of Two Mounds, Atchana and Al Mina, in the Turkish Hatay. Baltimore: Penguin Books.
  • Woolley, C. L. 1955. Alalakh: An Account of the Excavations at Tell Atchana in the Hatay, 1937-1949. London: Society of Antiquaries of London.
  • Yener, K. A. 2013. “New Excavations at Alalakh: The 14th-12th Centuries BC.” K. A. Yener (ed.), Across the Border: Late Bronze-Iron Age Relations between Syria and Anatolia. Proceedings of a Symposium held at the Research Center of Anatolian Studies, Koç University, Istanbul May 31-June 1, 2010. Leuven: Peeters, 11-36.
  • Yener, K. A. 2021. “Some Thoughts about Middle Bronze Age Alalakh and Ugarit: Reassessing an Alalakh Wall Painting with Archival Data.” V. Matoïan (ed.), Ougarit, un anniversaire. Bilans et recherches en cours. Leuven-Paris-Bristol: Peeters, 573-88.
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  • Yener, K. A. – M. Akar. 2020. “A Mitannian Period Mold from Alalakh: Digging below the Floor of Idrimi’s Level IV Palace.” F. Balossi Restelli – A. Cardarelli – G. M. Di Nocera – L. Manzanilla – L. Mori ve diğ. (ed.), Pathways through Arslantepe. Essays in Honour of Marcella Frangipane. Viterbo: Università Sapienza di Roma and Edizioni Sette Città, 289-300.
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Toplam 68 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Arkeoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Murat Akar 0000-0001-5485-8465

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Haziran 2024
Kabul Tarihi 14 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Akar, Murat. “SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KÜLTÜREL MİRAS VE İYİLEŞTİREN ARKEOLOJİ: KAHRAMANMARAŞ MERKEZLİ 6 ŞUBAT DEPREMLERİ SONRASI AÇÇANA HÖYÜK, ESKİ ALALAH KENTİ KERPİÇ ANITLARININ KORUNMASINDA KOLEKTİF SÜREÇLER”. Anatolia, sy. 50 (Aralık 2024): 29-53. https://doi.org/10.36891/anatolia.1498754.

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