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KİŞİSEL SÜS EŞYALARI KİMLİKLER HAKKINDA NE SÖYLER? METODOLOJİK YAKLAŞIMLAR VE ANADOLU VE LEVANT’TAN ARKEOLOJİK ÖRNEKLER

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 48, 1 - 44, 22.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.36891/anatolia.1098690

Öz

Bu çalışma, tarihöncesinde kişisel süs eşyalarının bedende taşınan ve bireyler, topluluklar ve uzak mesafeler arasında dolaşımda olan objeler olarak sosyal kimlikleri simgelemedeki rolünü ele almaktadır. Bu yorumlamaların yapılabilmesinin ön koşulu, günümüzde arkeolojide gittikçe yaygınlaşan çeşitli metodolojik yaklaşımların uygulanmasıdır. Kişisel süs eşyalarının hammadde temini, üretim süreçleri ve kimlikler gibi tarihöncesi arkeolojisi için anahtar konular hakkında neler söyleyebileceğini çözümlemek için gerekli analitik yaklaşımlara ve yorumlama biçimlerimizi zenginleştirebilecek olan etnografik örneklere dair Türkçe literatüre de katkı sunmak amacıyla, çalışmanın ilk kısmında arkeolojide kişisel süs eşyalarına dair yaklaşımlar tartışılmakta, uygulanmakta olan analitik yöntemler ile Anadolu arkeolojisinde kişisel süs eşyası çalışmaları kısaca ele alınmakta ve ardından, kişisel süs eşyalarının kimlikler ve etkileşim kavramlarıyla iç içe geçmiş ilişkisi, çeşitli etnografik örneklerle vurgulanmaktadır. Bu arka planın ardından, Anadolu ve Levant’ta Paleolitik Dönem’den Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik Dönem sonuna dek uzun erimli bir bakışla, tarihöncesinde kimliklerin, deniz kabukları, taşlar ve minerallerden üretilmiş boncukların zamansal ve bölgesel dağılımında görülen devamlılık ve değişim eğilimleriyle ilişkisi ele alınmakta ve sosyal kimliği teknoloji ve uzmanlaşma kavramlarıyla birlikte nasıl okuyabileceğimiz tartışılmaktadır.

Destekleyen Kurum

İstanbul Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

Bu çalışma İstanbul Üniversitesi Tarih Öncesi Arkeolojisi Anabilim Dalı’nda devam eden doktora tez çalışmama dayanmaktadır. Öncelikle tez danışmanım Mihriban Özbaşaran’a tüm desteklerinden ötürü minnettarım. Melis Uzdurum ve Güneş Duru’ya fikirleri ve destekleri için teşekkür ederim. Emma Baysal ve Hala Alarashi’ye, tarihöncesi boncuk teknolojileri üzerine gerçekleştirdiğim çalışmalarda desteklerini, tecrübelerini ve bilgilerini daima benimle paylaştıkları için teşekkür etmek isterim. Figür 2 ve 3’te yer alan görsellerin bir kısmı, Emma Baysal, Daniella Bar-Yosef Mayer, Hala Alarashi ve Teresa Steele’in çalışmalarından yeniden üretilmiştir. Bu görselleri kullanmama izin verdikleri için kendilerine ve yayınevlerine teşekkür ederim.

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WHAT CAN PERSONAL ORNAMENTS SAY ABOUT IDENTITIES? METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSIGHTS FROM ANATOLIA AND THE LEVANT

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 48, 1 - 44, 22.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.36891/anatolia.1098690

Öz

This study focuses on the role of prehistoric personal ornaments in signifying social identities as objects that were often carried on bodies and circulated between individuals, communities, and long distances. Interpreting how prehistoric personal ornamentation relates to issues of identity relies heavily on the application of several methodological approaches that are nowadays widely used in archaeology. Aiming to unravel what personal ornaments can say about some key questions of prehistoric archaeology, e.g., raw material acquisition, production processes, and identities, as well as contributing to the Turkish literature on the methods applied in the study of personal ornaments, this study starts with a discussion of approaches and introduces current analytical methodologies with a brief discussion of the state of research in Anatolian archaeology. This is followed by an ethnographic background on the centrality of personal ornaments in discussing identities and interaction. Finally, focusing on examples ranging from the Palaeolithic to the end of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period in Anatolia and the Levant, this study provides a long-term perspective on the relationship between identities and elements that endured and changed in the chronological and regional distributions of beads made from shells, stones and minerals. This is followed by a discussion of how concepts of technology and specialization can contribute to an understanding of social identities.

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

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  • M. C. Stiner, “Finding a Common Band-Width: Causes of Convergence and Diversity in Paleolithic Beads”, Biological Theory 9, 2014, 51-64.
  • M. C. Stiner – S. L. Kuhn – E. Güleç, “Early Upper Paleolithic Shell Beads at Üçağızlı Cave I (Turkey): Technology and the Socioeconomic Context of Ornament Life-Histories”, Journal of Human Evolution 64, 2013, 380-398.
  • A. Strathern – M. Strathern, Self-Decoration in Mount Hagen. Duckworth (London 1971).
  • F. Tátá – J. Cascalheira – J. Marreiros – T. Pereira – N. Bicho, “Shell Bead Production in the Upper Paleolithic of Vale Boi (SW Portugal): An Experimental Perspective”, Journal of Archaeological Science 42, 2014, 29-41.
  • J.-M. Tejero – G. Bar-Oz – O. Bar-Yosef – T. Meshveliani – N. Jakeli – Z. Matskevich – R. Pinhasi – A. Belfer-Cohen, “New Insights into the Upper Palaeolithic of the Caucasus through the Study of Personal Ornaments. Teeth and Bones Pendants from Satsurblia and Dzudzuana Caves (Imereti, Georgia)”, PLoS ONE 16(11), 2021, e0258974.
  • J. Thomas, “Assembling Adornment and Assembling Identity”, içinde: H. V. Matson (Ed.), Personal Adornment and the Construction of Identity: A Global Archaeological Perspective. Oxbow (Oxford 2021) 201-214.
  • A. Van Gijn, “New Perspectives for Microwear Analysis”, içinde: C. Bakels – H. Kamermans (ed.), Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia 43/44, 2012, 275-282.
  • A. Van Gijn, “The Materiality of Funnelbeaker Burial Practices: Evidence from the Microscope”, içinde: J. Marreiros – N. Bicho – J. F. Gibaja (ed.), International Conference on Use-Wear Analysis: Use-Wear 2012. Cambridge Scholars Publishing (Newcastle upon Tyne 2014a) 693-701.
  • A. Van Gijn, “Science and Interpretation in Microwear Studies”, Journal of Archaeological Science 48, 2014b, 166-169.
  • A. Van Gijn, “Bead Biographies from Neolithic Burial Contexts: Contributions from the Microscope”, içinde: D. E. Bar-Yosef Mayer – C. Bonsall – A. M. Choyke (ed.), Not Just for Show: The Archaeology of Beads, Beadwork and Personal Ornaments. Oxbow Books (Oxford 2017) 103-114.
  • M. Vanhaeren, “Speaking with Beads: The Evolutionary Significance of Bead Making and Use”, içinde: L. Backwell – F. d’Errico (ed.), From Tools to Symbols. From Early Hominins to Modern Humans. Witwatersrand University Press (Johannesburg 2005) 525-535.
  • M. Vanhaeren – F. d’Errico, “The Body Ornaments Associated with the Burial”, içinde: J. Zilhão – E. Trinkaus (ed.), Portrait of the Artist as a Child: The Gravettian Human Skeleton from the Abrigo do Lagar Velho and its Archaeological Context. Trabalhos de Arqueología (Lisboa 2002) 154-186.
  • M. Vanhaeren – F. d’Errico, “Grave Goods from the Saint-Germain-la-Riviére Burial: Evidence for Social Inequality in the Upper Palaeolithic”, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 24, 2005, 117-134.
  • M. Vanhaeren – F. d’Errico – K. L. Niekerk – C. S. Henshilwood – R. M. Erasmus, “Thinking Strings: Additional Evidence for Personal Ornament Use in the Middle Stone Age at Blombos Cave, South Africa”, Journal of Human Evolution 64(6), 2013, 500-517.
  • M. Vasić, Personal Adornment in the Neolithic Middle East: A Case Study of Çatalhöyük. Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence, and Environment 22, ex oriente (Berlin 2020).
  • M. Vasić – M. Siebrecht – C. Tsoraki – R. Veropoulidou (V. Garcia-Diaz’ın katkılarıyla), “Beads and Pendants in Life and Death: Insights into the Production, Use and Deposition of Ornamental Technologies at Çatalhöyük”, içinde: I. Hodder (ed.), The Matter of Çatalhöyük: Reports from the 2009-2017 Seasons. British Institute at Ankara, Çatalhöyük Research Project Series 14, Monograph 54, Oxbow Books (London 2021) 215-246.
  • R. Veropoulidou, “The Shell Artefact Assemblage at Neolithic Çatalhöyük”, içinde: I. Hodder (ed.), The Matter of Çatalhöyük: Reports from the 2009-2017 Seasons. British Institute at Ankara, Çatalhöyük Research Project Series 14, Monograph 54, Oxbow Books (London 2021) 247-264.
  • H. Wallaert, “Apprenticeship and the Confirmation of Social Boundaries”, içinde: W. Wendrich (ed.), Archaeology and Apprenticeship. Body Knowledge, Identity, and Communities of Practice. The University of Arizona Press (Tucson 2012) 20-42.
  • R. White, “Technological and Social Dimensions of ‘Aurignacian-Age’ Body Ornaments Across Europe”, içinde: H. Knecht – A. Pike-Tay – R. White (ed.), Before Lascaux: The Complex Record of the Early Upper Paleolithic. CRC Press (Boca Raton 1993) 277-299.
  • R. White, “Systems of Personal Ornamentation in the Early Upper Palaeolithic: Methodological Challenges and New Observations”, P. Mellars – K. Boyle – O. Bar-Yosef – C. Stringer (ed.), Rethinking the Human Revolution. McDonald Institute Monographs (Cambridge 2007) 287-302.
  • S. Williams, “An ‘Archae-logy’ of Turkana Beads”, içinde: I. Hodder (ed.), The Archaeology of Contextual Meanings. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge 1987) 31-38.
  • K. I. Wright, “Beads and the Body: Ornament Technologies of the BACH Area Buildings”, içinde: R. Tringham – M. Stevanovic (ed.), Last House on the Hill. BACH Area Reports from Çatalhöyük, Turkey. Çatalhöyük Research Project Series Vol. 11, Monumenta Archaeologica 27, Monographs of the Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California (Los Angeles 2012) 429-449.
  • K. I. Wright – A. Garrard, “Social Identities and the Expansion of Stone Bead-Making in Neolithic Western Asia: New Evidence From Jordan”, Antiquity 77(296), 2003, 267-284.
  • K. I. Wright – P. Critchley – A. Garrard – D. Baird – R. Bains – S. Groom, “Stone Bead Technologies and Early Craft Specialization: Insights from Two Neolithic Sites in Eastern Jordan”, Levant 40(2), 2008, 131-165.
  • I. Yalçınkaya – M. Otte – B. Kösem, “La Grotte d’Öküzini: Objets de parure”, içinde: I. Yalçınkaya – M. Otte – J. Kozlowski – O. Bar-Yosef (ed.), La Grotte d’Öküzini: Evolution du Paléolithique Final du Sud-Ouest de l’Anatolie. Université de Liége, Service de Préhistoire (Liége 2002) 333-338.
  • S. Yelözer, Aşıklı Höyük Boncukları: Tipoloji, Tanım ve Sosyal Açıdan Değerlendirme. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi (İstanbul 2016).
  • S. Yelözer, “The Beads from Aşıklı Höyük”, içinde: M. Özbaşaran – G. Duru – M. C. Stiner (ed.), The Early Settlement at Aşıklı Höyük: Essays in Honor of Ufuk Esin. Ege Yayınları (İstanbul 2018) 383-404.
  • S. Yelözer – H. Alarashi, “Yaşamda ve Ölümde” – Akeramik Neolitik Dönem’de Boncuklar ve Kimlikler, Aşıklı Höyük Örneği”, içinde: A. Günal Türkmenoğlu – Ş. Demirci (ed.), Türkiye Arkeolojisinde Takı ve Boncuk: Arkeolojik ve Arkeometrik Çalışmalar. V. ODTÜ Arkeometri Çalıştayı Bildiriler Kitabı, Ege Yayınları (İstanbul 2021) 81-93.
  • S. Yelözer – R. Christidou, “The Foot of the Hare, the Tooth of the Deer and the Shell of the Mollusc: Neolithic Osseous Ornaments from Aşıklı Höyük (Central Anatolia, Turkey)”, içinde: M. Mărgărit – A. Boroneant (ed.), Beauty and the Eye of the Beholder: Personal Ornaments across the Millennia. Cetatea de scaun (Târgoviște 2020) 197-222.
  • S. Yelözer – M. Özbaşaran, “Entangled at Death: Beads, Gender, and Life Cycles during the Central Anatolian Early Neolithic; Aşıklı Höyük as a Case Study”, içinde: K. De Graef – A. Garcia-Ventura – A. Goddeeris – B. Alpert Nakhai (ed.), Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Gender, Methodology, and the Ancient Near East – GeMANE3. wEdge Series (Zaphon baskıda).
  • J. Zilhão – D. E. Angelucci – E. Badal-Garcia – F. d’Errico – F. Daniel – L. Dayet – K. Douka – T. F. G. Higham- M. J. Martinez Sanchez – R. Montes-Bernandez – S. Murcia-Mascaros – C. Perez-Sirvent – C. Roldan-Garcia – M. Vanhaeren – V. Villaverde – R. Wood – J. Zapata, “Symbolic Use of Marine Shells and Mineral Pigments by Iberian Neandertals”, PNAS 107(3), 2010, 1023-1028.
Toplam 176 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Arkeoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Sera Yelözer 0000-0002-1151-343X

Proje Numarası -
Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 48

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Yelözer, Sera. “KİŞİSEL SÜS EŞYALARI KİMLİKLER HAKKINDA NE SÖYLER? METODOLOJİK YAKLAŞIMLAR VE ANADOLU VE LEVANT’TAN ARKEOLOJİK ÖRNEKLER”. Anadolu, sy. 48 (Aralık 2022): 1-44. https://doi.org/10.36891/anatolia.1098690.

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