Türkiye’de Doğal Yayılışa Sahip Karayosunlarından Sphagnum centrale C.E.O. Jensen ve S. nemoreum Scop. ’in (Bryophyta) Antibakteriyal Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 100 - 106, 30.11.2019
Fadime Başer Canoğlu
Gamze Başbülbül
Mesut Kırmacı
Öz
Son 20 yılda çiçekli bitkilerin yanında, diğer
tohumsuz bitki grupları, mantarlar, algler ve siyanobakterileri de içerisine
alan oldukça geniş bir organizma grubu tıbbi açıdan ele alınmış, bu
organizmaların patojen mikroorganizmalara karşı etkileri incelenmiş ve oldukça
dikkat çekici sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma konumuzu oluşturan
karayosunları ülkemizde yaklaşık 1030
takson ile temsil edilen, ikinci en büyük bitki grubunu oluşturmaktadır.
Özellikle son yıllarda sistematik çalışmaların yanında bu bitki grubunun fitososyolojileri,
ekolojileri, moleküler taksonomileri ve tıbbi özellikleri üzerine
gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarda belirgin bir artış görülmektedir. Bazı Gram (-) ve Gram (+)
bakteri türlerine karşı karayosunlarından hazırlanan özütlerin antimikrobiyal
açıdan etkili oldukları bulunmuştur. Buradan hareketle ülkemizde doğal yayılışa sahip Sphagnum
(Sphagnopsida) cinsine ait iki farklı karayosunu; S.centrale ve S.nemoreum’dan
elde edilen özütlerin çeşitli Gram (-) ve Gram (+) bakteriler üzerindeki
antimikrobiyal etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışılan bakteriler gıda güvenliğinde
ve klinikte önemli gruplar arasından seçilerek, iki Sphagnum türünden
elde edilen farklı özütlerin bu organizmalar üzerine etkileri kontrol
edilmiştir. Her iki karayosunundan elde
edilen ekstraktların özellikle Listeria
monocytogenes ve L. innocua suşları üzerinde, Sphagnum nemoreum özütlerinin ise ayrıca Staphylococcus aureus üzerine etkili olduğu
belirlenmiştir.
Destekleyen Kurum
Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Bilimsel araştırma Projeleri
Teşekkür
Bu çalışmaya, FEF-15015 numaralı proje ile finansal destek sağlayan Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Başkanlığı’na ve olanaklarını sonuna kadar kullanmamıza izin veren ADÜ, FEF, Biyoloji Bölüm Başkanlığı’na teşekkür ederiz. Ayrıca Arazi ve laboratuvar çalışmalarında yardımcı olan Doç. Dr. Ali ÖZMEN, Ögr. Gör. Emre AGCAGİL, Ögr. Gör. Gözde ASLAN, Fulya FİLİZ ve Uğur ÇATAK’a da teşekkürü bir borç biliriz.
Kaynakça
- Acharya T.K. Chatterjee I.B. 1975. Isolation of chrysophanic acid-9- anthrone, the major antifungal principle of Cassia tora. Lloydia. 38, 218-20.
- Alam A. Sharma V. Sharma S.C. Kumari P. 2012. Antibacteriyel activity of the alcoholic extracts of Entodon nepalensis Mizush. against some pathogenic bacteria Department Of Bioscience And Biotechnology. Sciencepub. 4:10, 44-47.
- Alataş M. Batan N. Ezer T. 2018. Kamilet Vadisi (Artvin, Türkiye) ve Çevresindeki Epifitik Briyofitlerin Hayat Formları, Yaşam stratejileri ve Ekolojik özellikleri. Anatolian Bryology. 4:1, 8–16.
- Altundağ Ş. Aslım B. 2005. Kekiğin bazı bitki patojeni bakteriler üzerine antimikrobiyal etkisi. Orlab On-Line Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi. 3:7, 12-14.
- Ando H. Matsuo A. 1984. Applied bryology. In: Cramer J, editor. Advances in Bryology, vol. 2. Vaduz, West Germany: Schultze- Motel W.
- Asakawa Y. 1990. Biologically active substances from bryophytes. In: Chopra RN, Bhatla SC, editors. Bryophyte Development: Physiology and Biochemistry. Boston: CRC Press.
- Askun T. Tumen G. Satil F. Ates M. 2009. Characterization of the phenolic composition and antimicrobial activities of Turkish medicinal plants. Pharmaceutical Biology. 47:7, 563–571.
- Ballı D.Z. Ezer T. Ünal T.B. İşlek C. 2018. Plagiomnium undulatum (Bryophyta) Ekstraktlarının Sinapis arvensis’in Fide Gelişimi Üzerine Etkileri. Anatolian Bryology. 4:2, 84–91.
- Basile A. Giordano S. Saez J.A.L. Cobianchi R.C. 1999. Antibacterial activity of pure flavonoids isolated from mosses. Phytochemistry. 52, 1479-1482.
- Başbülbül G., Özmen A., Biyik H.H.,Şen Ö. 2008. Antimitotic and antibacterial effects of the Primula veris L. flower extracts. Caryologia, 61:1, 88-91.
- Çöteli E. Alataş M. Batan N. Hazer Y. 2019. Bazı Bryaceae (Bryophyta) Türlerinin Glutatyon İçeriklerinin Karşılaştırılması. Anatolian Bryology. 5:1, 15–21.
- Dickson JH., Hofbauer W, Porley R., Schmidl A, Kofler W., Oeggl K.2009. Six mosses from the Tyrolean Iceman’s alimentary tract and their significance for his ethnobotany and the events of his last days. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 18:1, 13-22.
- Dulger B. Yayıntaş Ö.T. Gonuz A. 2005. Antimicrobial activity of some mosses from Turkey. Fitoterapia. 76, 730-732.
- Erdağ A. Kürschner H. 2017. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi: Karayosunları. ANG Vakfı. İstanbul.
- Erecevit P. Kırbağ S. 2017. Antimicrobial activity of some plant species used for the medical purpose in Turkey. The Journal of Phytopharmacology. 6:2, 93-97.
- Heydari H. Saltan İşcan G. Eryılmaz M. Bahadır Acıkara Ö. Yılmaz Sarıaltın S. Tekin M. Çoban T. 2019. Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Some Lathyrus L. (Fabaceae) Species Growing in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16:2, 240-245.
- Ivanova V. Kolarova M. Aleksieva K. Dornberger K.J. Haertl A. Moellmann U. Dahse H.M. Chipev N. 2007. Sanionins: Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Agents with Weak Cytotoxicity from the Antarctic Moss Sanionia georgico-uncinata. Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology. 37, 343–352.
- İlhan S. Savaroğlu F. Çolak F. İşçen F.C. Erdemgil F. Z. 2006. Antimicrobial Activity of Palustriella commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra Extracts (Bryophyta). Turkish Journal of Biology. 30, 149-152.
- Kang S.J. Kim S.H. Liu P. Jovel E. Towers G.H.N. 2007. Antibacterial activities of some mosses including Hylocomium splendens from South western British Columbia. Fitoterapia. 78:5, 373-376.
- Keskin N.O. Uyar G. 2019. Methylene blue dye removal using Sphagnum palustre L. Bog-moss as a reusable biosorbent. Anatolian Bryology. 5:1, 1–7.
- McCutcheon A.R. Ellis S.M. Hancock R.E.W. Towers G.H.N. 1992. Antibiotic screening of medicinal plants of the British Columbian native peoples. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 37:3, 213-223.
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. 2016. The State of the World's Plants Report ‐ 2016. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.
- Sawant U.J. Karadge B.A. 2010. Antimicrobial activity of some bryophytes (Liverworts and a Hornwort) from Kolhapur District. Pharmacognosy Journal. 2:16, 29-32.
- Saxena D.K. Harinder R. 2004. Uses of Bryophytes. 9, 56-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02839221
- Stalheim T. Ballance S. Christensen Bjørn E. Granum P. E. 2009. Sphagnan - A pectin-like polymer isolated from Sphagnum moss can inhibit the growth of some typical food spoilage and food poisoning bacteria by lowering the pH. İn Journal of Applied Microbiology. 106:3, 967-76.
- Van der Vijver L.M. Lötter A. P. 1971. The constituents in the roots of Plumbago auriculata Lam. and Plumbago zeylanica L. responsible for antibacterial activity. In Planta Medica. 20:3, 8-13.
- Wu P.C. 1982. Some uses of mosses in China. The Bryological Times. 13, 5.
- Yetgin A. Canlı K. Altuner E.M. 2018. Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Allium sativum cloves from China and Taşköprü, Turkey. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences. Article ID 9302840, 5 pages.
- Zaitseva N. 2009. A polysaccharide extracted from Sphagnum moss as antifungal agent in archaeological conservation (Doctoral dissertation).
- Zhu R.L. Wang D. Xu L. Shi R.P. Wang J. Zheng M. 2006. Antibacterial activity in extracts of some bryophytes from China and Mongolia. J. Hattori Bot. Lab.100: 603-615.
Determination of Antibacterial Activities of Sphagnum centrale C.E.O. Jensen and S.nemoreum Scop. Which are Naturally Growing in Turkey
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 100 - 106, 30.11.2019
Fadime Başer Canoğlu
Gamze Başbülbül
Mesut Kırmacı
Öz
Last
two decades, a very large group of organisms including flowering plants, non-flowering
plant groups, fungi, algae and cyanobacteria have been researched medically,
the effects of these organisms against pathogenic microorganisms have been
examined and remarkable results have been obtained. The bryophytes that
constitute our research topic are the second largest group of plant represented
by approximately 1030 taxa in our country. Especially in recent years, besides
the systematic studies, there is a significant increase in the studies carried
out on phytosociology, ecology, molecular taxonomy and medicinal properties. It
has been found that extracts prepared from bryophytes are antimicrobial
effective against some Gram (-) and Gram (+) bacteria species. Therefore, the
antimicrobial effect of two different mosses belonging to the genus Sphagnum (Sphagnopsida) which are S.centrale and S.nemoreum on various Gram (-) and
Gram (+) bacteria were investigated. The effect of different extracts obtained
from two Sphagnum species on these
organisms was checked by selecting the bacteria which are important for food
safety and clinically important groups. It was determined that extracts
obtained from both mosses were effective on Listeria monocytogenes and L. innocua strains, while Sphagnum nemoreum extracts were also effective
on Staphylococcus aureus.
Kaynakça
- Acharya T.K. Chatterjee I.B. 1975. Isolation of chrysophanic acid-9- anthrone, the major antifungal principle of Cassia tora. Lloydia. 38, 218-20.
- Alam A. Sharma V. Sharma S.C. Kumari P. 2012. Antibacteriyel activity of the alcoholic extracts of Entodon nepalensis Mizush. against some pathogenic bacteria Department Of Bioscience And Biotechnology. Sciencepub. 4:10, 44-47.
- Alataş M. Batan N. Ezer T. 2018. Kamilet Vadisi (Artvin, Türkiye) ve Çevresindeki Epifitik Briyofitlerin Hayat Formları, Yaşam stratejileri ve Ekolojik özellikleri. Anatolian Bryology. 4:1, 8–16.
- Altundağ Ş. Aslım B. 2005. Kekiğin bazı bitki patojeni bakteriler üzerine antimikrobiyal etkisi. Orlab On-Line Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi. 3:7, 12-14.
- Ando H. Matsuo A. 1984. Applied bryology. In: Cramer J, editor. Advances in Bryology, vol. 2. Vaduz, West Germany: Schultze- Motel W.
- Asakawa Y. 1990. Biologically active substances from bryophytes. In: Chopra RN, Bhatla SC, editors. Bryophyte Development: Physiology and Biochemistry. Boston: CRC Press.
- Askun T. Tumen G. Satil F. Ates M. 2009. Characterization of the phenolic composition and antimicrobial activities of Turkish medicinal plants. Pharmaceutical Biology. 47:7, 563–571.
- Ballı D.Z. Ezer T. Ünal T.B. İşlek C. 2018. Plagiomnium undulatum (Bryophyta) Ekstraktlarının Sinapis arvensis’in Fide Gelişimi Üzerine Etkileri. Anatolian Bryology. 4:2, 84–91.
- Basile A. Giordano S. Saez J.A.L. Cobianchi R.C. 1999. Antibacterial activity of pure flavonoids isolated from mosses. Phytochemistry. 52, 1479-1482.
- Başbülbül G., Özmen A., Biyik H.H.,Şen Ö. 2008. Antimitotic and antibacterial effects of the Primula veris L. flower extracts. Caryologia, 61:1, 88-91.
- Çöteli E. Alataş M. Batan N. Hazer Y. 2019. Bazı Bryaceae (Bryophyta) Türlerinin Glutatyon İçeriklerinin Karşılaştırılması. Anatolian Bryology. 5:1, 15–21.
- Dickson JH., Hofbauer W, Porley R., Schmidl A, Kofler W., Oeggl K.2009. Six mosses from the Tyrolean Iceman’s alimentary tract and their significance for his ethnobotany and the events of his last days. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 18:1, 13-22.
- Dulger B. Yayıntaş Ö.T. Gonuz A. 2005. Antimicrobial activity of some mosses from Turkey. Fitoterapia. 76, 730-732.
- Erdağ A. Kürschner H. 2017. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi: Karayosunları. ANG Vakfı. İstanbul.
- Erecevit P. Kırbağ S. 2017. Antimicrobial activity of some plant species used for the medical purpose in Turkey. The Journal of Phytopharmacology. 6:2, 93-97.
- Heydari H. Saltan İşcan G. Eryılmaz M. Bahadır Acıkara Ö. Yılmaz Sarıaltın S. Tekin M. Çoban T. 2019. Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Some Lathyrus L. (Fabaceae) Species Growing in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16:2, 240-245.
- Ivanova V. Kolarova M. Aleksieva K. Dornberger K.J. Haertl A. Moellmann U. Dahse H.M. Chipev N. 2007. Sanionins: Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Agents with Weak Cytotoxicity from the Antarctic Moss Sanionia georgico-uncinata. Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology. 37, 343–352.
- İlhan S. Savaroğlu F. Çolak F. İşçen F.C. Erdemgil F. Z. 2006. Antimicrobial Activity of Palustriella commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra Extracts (Bryophyta). Turkish Journal of Biology. 30, 149-152.
- Kang S.J. Kim S.H. Liu P. Jovel E. Towers G.H.N. 2007. Antibacterial activities of some mosses including Hylocomium splendens from South western British Columbia. Fitoterapia. 78:5, 373-376.
- Keskin N.O. Uyar G. 2019. Methylene blue dye removal using Sphagnum palustre L. Bog-moss as a reusable biosorbent. Anatolian Bryology. 5:1, 1–7.
- McCutcheon A.R. Ellis S.M. Hancock R.E.W. Towers G.H.N. 1992. Antibiotic screening of medicinal plants of the British Columbian native peoples. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 37:3, 213-223.
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. 2016. The State of the World's Plants Report ‐ 2016. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.
- Sawant U.J. Karadge B.A. 2010. Antimicrobial activity of some bryophytes (Liverworts and a Hornwort) from Kolhapur District. Pharmacognosy Journal. 2:16, 29-32.
- Saxena D.K. Harinder R. 2004. Uses of Bryophytes. 9, 56-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02839221
- Stalheim T. Ballance S. Christensen Bjørn E. Granum P. E. 2009. Sphagnan - A pectin-like polymer isolated from Sphagnum moss can inhibit the growth of some typical food spoilage and food poisoning bacteria by lowering the pH. İn Journal of Applied Microbiology. 106:3, 967-76.
- Van der Vijver L.M. Lötter A. P. 1971. The constituents in the roots of Plumbago auriculata Lam. and Plumbago zeylanica L. responsible for antibacterial activity. In Planta Medica. 20:3, 8-13.
- Wu P.C. 1982. Some uses of mosses in China. The Bryological Times. 13, 5.
- Yetgin A. Canlı K. Altuner E.M. 2018. Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Allium sativum cloves from China and Taşköprü, Turkey. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences. Article ID 9302840, 5 pages.
- Zaitseva N. 2009. A polysaccharide extracted from Sphagnum moss as antifungal agent in archaeological conservation (Doctoral dissertation).
- Zhu R.L. Wang D. Xu L. Shi R.P. Wang J. Zheng M. 2006. Antibacterial activity in extracts of some bryophytes from China and Mongolia. J. Hattori Bot. Lab.100: 603-615.