Medeni Usûl Hukukunda Kanun Yollarının Mukayeseli Analizi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 849 - 860, 01.08.2024

Cemal Mert Tüzemen

Öz

Yargılama sürecini denetleyen kontrol mekanizmaları, çeşitli amaçlar doğrultusunda hassas bir denge kurabilmelidir. Zira yargı süreci, özünde, yargı bağımsızlığı ile adil ve hızlı yargılanma hakkını gözetmelidir. Yargılama sürecinde hataları en aza indirme önceliği, bütün hukuk sistemlerinin ortak gayesi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Çeşitli hukuk sistemlerinde karşımıza çıkan bir diğer ortak gaye ise hukuki uyuşmazlıklara etkili şekilde ve makul sürede çözüm bulmaktır. Dolayısıyla modern hukuk sistemleri, hataları en aza indirmek için yargı kararlarını defalarca kontrol mekanizmalarına tabi tutmak ile adil yargılanma hakkını tesis etmek arasında bir denge kurmak için çaba göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, çeşitli ulusal hukuk sistemlerindeki kanun yolu sistemleri hakkında yazılmış makalelerin derlendiği “Nobody’s Perfect. Comparative Essays on Appeals and other Means of Recourse against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters” kitabı incelenip, incelenen sistemlerin mukayesesi yoluyla bu hassas dengeyi kurarken dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar ortaya konulacaktır. Bu bağlamda belirtmek gerekir ki mahkeme kararlarına karşı başvuru yolları ne kadar fazlaysa, bu kararların kalitesi o kadar artacak ve hata oranları azalacaktır. Fakat, hata oranlarını düşürme ve kaliteyi artırma süreci, aynı zamanda hukuki belirliliği ve adil yargılanma hakkını örselemek sonucunu doğurabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kanun Yolu, İstinaf, Temyiz, İçtihat Birliği, Adil Yargılanma Hakkı

Teşekkür

Bu çalışmanın tamamlanmasında emeği geçen ve araştırma sürecine değerli katkıları bulunan Doç. Dr. Tolga Akkaya'ya teşekkürü borç bilirim.

Comparative Analysis on Appeals and Other Means of Recourse Against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters

Öz

Public trust in the justice system hinges on society’s belief that the decisions made in the judicial process are accurate and sound. In this context, it is important to note that subjective opinions will always exist regarding absolute truth, which is why appeal mechanisms play a crucial role in strengthening trust in the justice system. However, these appeal mechanisms that review the judicial process must establish a delicate balance between various objectives. Minimizing errors in the judicial process emerges as a common objective across all legal systems. Another common objective found in various civil law systems is to effectively resolve legal disputes in a reasonable amount of time. Therefore, modern legal systems strive to establish a delicate balance between minimizing errors by subjecting judicial decisions to multiple appeal mechanisms and ensuring the right to a fair trial. It is worth noting that, more recourse mechanisms against court decisions will result in high quality decisions, and the error rate will consequently decrease. However, it is also important to emphasize that the process of reducing error rates and increasing quality can simultaneously undermine legal certainty and the right to a fair trial. The solution to this problem lies in establishing a delicate balance between these desired objectives.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Appellate Review, Appeal, Cassation, Stare Decisis, Right to a Fair Trial

Kaynakça

• ANDREWS, Neil: “Restrictions on Appeals in English Law”, (Ed.) UZELAC, Alan / VAN RHEE, Remco: Nobody’s Perfect. Comparative Essays on Appeals and other Means of Recourse against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters, 1. Baskı, Intersentia, Cambridge, 2014, s. 73-94.
• ARAS, Saldana: “The Powers of the Appellate Court in the Context of the Effective Protection of a Child’s Right to Maintenance”, (Ed.) UZELAC, Alan / VAN RHEE, Remco: Nobody’s Perfect. Comparative Essays on Appeals and other Means of Recourse against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters, 1. Baskı, Intersentia, Cambridge, 2014, s. 363-372.
• BRAVO-HURTADO, Pablo: “Two Ways to Uniformity: Recourse to the Supreme Court in the Civil Law and the Common Law World”, (Ed.) UZELAC, Alan / VAN RHEE, Remco: Nobody’s Perfect. Comparative Essays on Appeals and other Means of Recourse against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters, 1. Baskı, Intersentia, Cambridge, 2014, s. 319-338.
• CHAN, Peter C.H.: “Civil Appeals and Other Means of Recourse Against Judgments in China: A Critical Review of The Procedural Issues”, (Ed.) UZELAC, Alan / VAN RHEE, Remco: Nobody’s Perfect. Comparative Essays on Appeals and other Means of Recourse against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters, 1. Baskı, Intersentia, Cambridge, 2014, s. 161-210.
• DOMEJ, Tanja: “What Is an Important Case? Admissibility of Appeals to the Supreme Courts in the German-Speaking Jurisdictions”, (Ed.) UZELAC, Alan / VAN RHEE, Remco: Nobody’s Perfect. Comparative Essays on Appeals and other Means of Recourse against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters, 1. Baskı, Intersentia, Cambridge, 2014, s. 277-290.
• FERNHOUT, Fokke / HUIJTS, Jonathan / MOLENAARS, Lisa / VAN DER BAAREN, Luuk: “Wealth Shift as a Criterion to Assess the Impact of Appellate Proceedings ‒ Applied to Dutch Civil Appeal”, (Ed.) UZELAC, Alan / VAN RHEE, Remco: (Ed.) UZELAC, Alan / VAN RHEE, Remco: Nobody’s Perfect. Comparative Essays on Appeals and other Means of Recourse against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters, 1. Baskı, Intersentia, Cambridge, 2014, s. 53-72.
• FERRARI, Francesca: “The Recent Amendments to the Italian Appeals System”, (Ed.) UZELAC, Alan / VAN RHEE, Remco: Nobody’s Perfect. Comparative Essays on Appeals and other Means of Recourse against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters, 1. Baskı, Intersentia, Cambridge, 2014, s. 259-276.
• GALIČ, Aleš: “Reshaping the Role of Supreme Courts in the Countries of the Former Yugoslavia”, (Ed.) UZELAC, Alan / VAN RHEE, Remco: Nobody’s Perfect. Comparative Essays on Appeals and other Means of Recourse against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters, 1. Baskı, Intersentia, Cambridge, 2014, s. 291-318.
• GIOIA, Gina: “Recourse Against Judgments on International Jurisdiction”, (Ed.) UZELAC, Alan / VAN RHEE, Remco: Nobody’s Perfect. Comparative Essays on Appeals and other Means of Recourse against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters, 1. Baskı, Intersentia, Cambridge, 2014, s. 353-362.
• HODGES, Christopher: “Consumer ADR and Appeals”, (Ed.) UZELAC, Alan / VAN RHEE, Remco: Nobody’s Perfect. Comparative Essays on Appeals and other Means of Recourse against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters, 1. Baskı, Intersentia, Cambridge, 20142014, s. 339-352.
• JOHNSEN, Jon T.: “Appeals and ‘Trial Within Reasonable Time’: A European Perspective”, (Ed.) UZELAC, Alan / VAN RHEE, Remco: Nobody’s Perfect. Comparative Essays on Appeals and other Means of Recourse against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters, 1. Baskı, Intersentia, Cambridge, 2014, s. 17-33.
• KODEK, George: “Appellate Proceedings in Civil Cases – Traditional Remedies in Light of Contemporary Problems”, (Ed.) UZELAC, Alan / VAN RHEE, Remco: Nobody’s Perfect. Comparative Essays on Appeals and other Means of Recourse against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters, 1. Baskı, Intersentia, Cambridge, 2014, s. 35-52.
• MARCUS, Richard: “Appellate Review in the Reactive Model: The Example of the American Federal Courts”, (Ed.) UZELAC, Alan / VAN RHEE, Remco: Nobody’s Perfect. Comparative Essays on Appeals and other Means of Recourse against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters, 1. Baskı, Intersentia, Cambridge, 2014, s. 105-126.
• SALTZMAN, Andrea: “Appellate Review in California: Limits on the Right to Recourse”, (Ed.) UZELAC, Alan / VAN RHEE, Remco: Nobody’s Perfect. Comparative Essays on Appeals and other Means of Recourse against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters, 1. Baskı, Intersentia, Cambridge, 2014, s. 95-104.
• SLADIČ, Jorg: “Appeals in Civil Procedure in Slovenia: Why the Recent Reforms of Civil Procedure Did Not Manage to Avoid the Endless Cycle of Remittals”, (Ed.) UZELAC, Alan / VAN RHEE, Remco: Nobody’s Perfect. Comparative Essays on Appeals and other Means of Recourse against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters, 1. Baskı, Intersentia, Cambridge, 2014, s. 211-228.
• UZELAC, Alan: “Features and Shortcomings of Appellate Review in Civil and Administrative Cases in Croatia”, (Ed.) UZELAC, Alan / VAN RHEE, Remco: Nobody’s Perfect. Comparative Essays on Appeals and other Means of Recourse against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters, 1. Baskı, Intersentia, Cambridge, 2014, s. 229-258.
• VAN RHEE, Remco: “Appeal in Civil and Administrative Cases in the Netherlands”, (Ed.) UZELAC, Alan / VAN RHEE, Remco: Nobody’s Perfect. Comparative Essays on Appeals and other Means of Recourse against Judicial Decisions in Civil Matters, 1. Baskı, Intersentia, Cambridge, 2014, s. 127-160.