Araştırma Makalesi
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Mauritius Adası Kolonyal ve Postkolonyal Dönem Mirası ve Mirasın Korunmasına Yönelik Çalışmalar

Yıl 2023, , 290 - 302, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1288740

Öz

Avrupalılar tarafından 16. yüzyıldan 19. yüzyıla değin milyonlarca Afrikalının köle olarak çeşitli plantasyonlarda çalıştırılmak üzere Atlantik ve Hint Okyanusları üzerinden zor şartlar altında Amerika kıtasına taşınmasını ifade eden Transatlantik Köle Ticareti, Afrika üzerinde derin izler bırakmıştır. Kolonyal dönem olarak adlandırılan bu dönem, Britanya Yüzyılı’nın yaşanmasında etkili olmuştur. Kolonyal düzende imparatorluğun Hint Okyanusu üzerindeki en stratejik bölgelerden birisi Mauritius Adası olmuştur. Bir ikmal ve aktarma merkezi olarak görev yapan ada, aynı zamanda kolonyal dönemin sonlandırılıp postkolonyal döneme geçişte, ilk defa sözleşmeli işçilerin denendiği Britanya İmparatorluğu’nun Büyük Deney’ine de ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Bu özellikleri ile ada, kolonyal döneme, postkolonyal döneme ve bu iki dönem arası geçiş dönemine dair önemli bir miras birikimine sahiptir. Kolonyal dönemde kullanıma açılan adadaki özgün ve karma kültür, senkretik inanç ve kreol dil özelliklerini barındırmaktadır. Adada bulunan bu zengin miras birikimi, günümüzde ulusal ve uluslararası boyutlarda koruma altına alınmış birer değer olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Çalışma, adanın dönemsel miras birikimini ve koruma süreçlerini incelemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Appleby, J., Seetah, K., Calaon, D., Čaval, S., Pluskowski, A., Lafleur, J. F., Janoo, A. & Teelock, V. (2014). The non-adult cohort from Le Morne Cemetery, Mauritius: A snap shot of early life and death after abolition. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 24(6), 737-746.
  • Chowdhury, A. (2006). The symbolic and archaeological significance of Le Morne Brabant: A fugitive slave site of Mauritius. Journal of Indian Ocean Archaeology, 3, 50-61.
  • Cleary, T. (2011). Mauritius. Londra: Kuperard.
  • Countries and Their Cultures (2023). Mauritian - religion and expressive culture. (Erişim: 24.04.2023), https://www.everyculture.com/South-Asia/Mauritian-Religion-and-Expressive-Culture.html
  • Findlay, R. (1990). The triangular trade and the Atlantic economy of the eighteenth century: A simple general equilibrium model. Essays in International Finance, 177, 1-44.
  • Government of Mauritius (2020). Chronology of the Aapravasi Ghat nomination process (2001-2006). (Erişim: 18.04.2023), https://goc2020.govmu.org/aapravasi/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Chronology-of-the-Aapravasi-Ghat-Nomination-Process.pdf
  • ICOMOS (2006). Aapravasi Ghat (Mauritius) / No 1227. 30th Ordinary Session (8 – 16 July 2006) Vilnius (Lithuania) / Evaluations of Cultural Properties / Prepared by the International Council on Monuments and Sites içinde (WHC-06/30.COM/INF.8B.1, s. 21-26). Charenton-le-Pont: International Council on Monuments and Sites International Secretariat.
  • ICOMOS (2008). Le Morne cultural landscape (Republic of Mauritius) / No 1259. World Heritage List Nominations 2008 içinde (WHC-08/32.COM/INF.8B1, s. 1-9). Charenton-le-Pont: International Council on Monuments and Sites International Secretariat.
  • Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2014). Draft decision 9.COM 10.28. Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Ninth session (UNESCO Headquarters 24 to 28 November 2014) / Item 10 of the Provisional Agenda içinde (ITH/14/9.COM/0+Add.3, s. 45-46). Paris: UNESCO.
  • Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2016). Draft decision 11.COM 10.b.21. Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Eleventh session (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 28 November to 2 December 2016) / Item 10.b of the Provisional Agenda içinde (ITH/16/11.COM/10.b, s. 31-32). Paris: UNESCO.
  • Juma, M. (2012). Report on the joint UNESCO/ ICOMOS reactive monitoring mission / Aapravasi Ghat (Mauritius). Charenton-le-Pont: International Council on Monuments and Sites.
  • Kachur, M. (2006). The slave trade. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers.
  • Kavas, A. (2020). Moritus. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi içinde (C. 30, s. 292-294). Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yay.
  • Le Morne Heritage Trust Fund (2014). About us. (Erişim: 18.04.2023), https://lemorneheritage.org/
  • Lightfoot, E., Čaval, S., Calaon, D., Appleby, J., Santana, J., Cianciosi, A., Fregel, R. & Seetah, K. (2020). Colonialism, slavery and ‘The Great Experiment’: Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen isotope analysis of Le Morne and Bois Marchand cemeteries, Mauritius. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 31, Article 102335.
  • myMoris (2023). Discover the Geet Gawai, a musical tradition of Mauritius. (Erişim: 24.04.2023), https://mymoris.mu/en/discover-mauritius-music
  • Pike, P. (1873). Sub-tropical rambles in the land of Aphanapteryx. New York: Harper & Brothers.
  • Seetah, K., Balbo, A., Calaon, D., Čaval, S., Farr, H., Pluskowski, A., Appleby, J., Durand, C., Lightfoot, E., Morales, J. & Escobar, M. M. (2011). The Mauritian Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Project: Exploring the impact of colonialism and colonisation in the Indian Ocean. Antiquity, 85(330), (Erişim tarihi: 22.04.2023), http://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/seetah330/
  • Seetah, K. (2015). Objects past, objects present: Materials, resistance and memory from the Le Morne Old Cemetery, Mauritius. Journal of Social Archaeology, 15(2), 233-253.
  • UNESCO World Heritage Committee (2006). Decisions adopted at the 30th session of the World Heritage Committee (Vilnius, 2006) (WHC-06/30.COM/19). Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  • UNESCO World Heritage Committee (2008). Decisions adopted at the 32nd session of the World Heritage Committee (Quebec City, 2008) (WHC-08/32.COM/24Rev). Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Centre.

Mauritius Island Colonial and Postcolonial Heritage and Heritage Preservation Efforts

Yıl 2023, , 290 - 302, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1288740

Öz

The Transatlantic Slave Trade, which refers to the transportation of millions of Africans by the Europeans from the 16th century to the 19th century, over the Atlantic and Indian Oceans under difficult conditions, to the Americas to be worked as slaves in various plantations, left deep pains on Africa. This period, called the colonial period, was influential in the realization of the British Century. In the colonial order, one of the most strategic regions of the empire on the Indian Ocean was the island of Mauritius. Acting as a supply and transit hub, the island also hosted the British Empire's Great Experiment, where the contract worker system was put to the test for the first time, as the colonial era ended and the transition to the postcolonial era. With these features, the island has an important heritage accumulation regarding the colonial period, the postcolonial period and the transition period between these two periods. The unique and mixed culture on the island, which was opened for use during the colonial period, has syncretic beliefs and creole language features. Today, this rich heritage accumulation on the island emerges as a value that has been taken under national and international protection. This study examines the island's specific periodic heritage accumulation and heritage preservation processes.

Kaynakça

  • Appleby, J., Seetah, K., Calaon, D., Čaval, S., Pluskowski, A., Lafleur, J. F., Janoo, A. & Teelock, V. (2014). The non-adult cohort from Le Morne Cemetery, Mauritius: A snap shot of early life and death after abolition. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 24(6), 737-746.
  • Chowdhury, A. (2006). The symbolic and archaeological significance of Le Morne Brabant: A fugitive slave site of Mauritius. Journal of Indian Ocean Archaeology, 3, 50-61.
  • Cleary, T. (2011). Mauritius. Londra: Kuperard.
  • Countries and Their Cultures (2023). Mauritian - religion and expressive culture. (Erişim: 24.04.2023), https://www.everyculture.com/South-Asia/Mauritian-Religion-and-Expressive-Culture.html
  • Findlay, R. (1990). The triangular trade and the Atlantic economy of the eighteenth century: A simple general equilibrium model. Essays in International Finance, 177, 1-44.
  • Government of Mauritius (2020). Chronology of the Aapravasi Ghat nomination process (2001-2006). (Erişim: 18.04.2023), https://goc2020.govmu.org/aapravasi/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Chronology-of-the-Aapravasi-Ghat-Nomination-Process.pdf
  • ICOMOS (2006). Aapravasi Ghat (Mauritius) / No 1227. 30th Ordinary Session (8 – 16 July 2006) Vilnius (Lithuania) / Evaluations of Cultural Properties / Prepared by the International Council on Monuments and Sites içinde (WHC-06/30.COM/INF.8B.1, s. 21-26). Charenton-le-Pont: International Council on Monuments and Sites International Secretariat.
  • ICOMOS (2008). Le Morne cultural landscape (Republic of Mauritius) / No 1259. World Heritage List Nominations 2008 içinde (WHC-08/32.COM/INF.8B1, s. 1-9). Charenton-le-Pont: International Council on Monuments and Sites International Secretariat.
  • Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2014). Draft decision 9.COM 10.28. Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Ninth session (UNESCO Headquarters 24 to 28 November 2014) / Item 10 of the Provisional Agenda içinde (ITH/14/9.COM/0+Add.3, s. 45-46). Paris: UNESCO.
  • Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2016). Draft decision 11.COM 10.b.21. Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Eleventh session (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 28 November to 2 December 2016) / Item 10.b of the Provisional Agenda içinde (ITH/16/11.COM/10.b, s. 31-32). Paris: UNESCO.
  • Juma, M. (2012). Report on the joint UNESCO/ ICOMOS reactive monitoring mission / Aapravasi Ghat (Mauritius). Charenton-le-Pont: International Council on Monuments and Sites.
  • Kachur, M. (2006). The slave trade. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers.
  • Kavas, A. (2020). Moritus. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi içinde (C. 30, s. 292-294). Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yay.
  • Le Morne Heritage Trust Fund (2014). About us. (Erişim: 18.04.2023), https://lemorneheritage.org/
  • Lightfoot, E., Čaval, S., Calaon, D., Appleby, J., Santana, J., Cianciosi, A., Fregel, R. & Seetah, K. (2020). Colonialism, slavery and ‘The Great Experiment’: Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen isotope analysis of Le Morne and Bois Marchand cemeteries, Mauritius. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 31, Article 102335.
  • myMoris (2023). Discover the Geet Gawai, a musical tradition of Mauritius. (Erişim: 24.04.2023), https://mymoris.mu/en/discover-mauritius-music
  • Pike, P. (1873). Sub-tropical rambles in the land of Aphanapteryx. New York: Harper & Brothers.
  • Seetah, K., Balbo, A., Calaon, D., Čaval, S., Farr, H., Pluskowski, A., Appleby, J., Durand, C., Lightfoot, E., Morales, J. & Escobar, M. M. (2011). The Mauritian Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Project: Exploring the impact of colonialism and colonisation in the Indian Ocean. Antiquity, 85(330), (Erişim tarihi: 22.04.2023), http://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/seetah330/
  • Seetah, K. (2015). Objects past, objects present: Materials, resistance and memory from the Le Morne Old Cemetery, Mauritius. Journal of Social Archaeology, 15(2), 233-253.
  • UNESCO World Heritage Committee (2006). Decisions adopted at the 30th session of the World Heritage Committee (Vilnius, 2006) (WHC-06/30.COM/19). Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  • UNESCO World Heritage Committee (2008). Decisions adopted at the 32nd session of the World Heritage Committee (Quebec City, 2008) (WHC-08/32.COM/24Rev). Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Turizm Politikası
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Veysel Özbey 0000-0002-4454-2317

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 29 Eylül 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2023
Kabul Tarihi 19 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Özbey, V. (2023). Mauritius Adası Kolonyal ve Postkolonyal Dönem Mirası ve Mirasın Korunmasına Yönelik Çalışmalar. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(Afrika), 290-302. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1288740

Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.