Güvenlik İklimi ve Güvenlik Kültürünün İşyeri Yaralanmaları Üzerine Etkisinde Güvenlik Davranışlarının Aracılık Rolü: Döküm Sanayinde Bir Araştırma

Öz

İnsanlar iş hayatlarında olduğu gibi sosyal hayatlarında da güven içerisinde olmayı isterler. Ancak bazı meslekler vardır ki (madencilik, demir-çelik, metal döküm sanayi vb.) zaman zaman iş kazası durumları ve beraberinde ciddi yaralanmalar yaşanabilir. Bu iş kazasının sebep olacağı yaralanmaları azaltmak için işyerinde güvenli bir atmosferin oluşturulması son derece önemlidir.  Bu çalışmanın amacı, güvenlik iklimi ve güvenlik kültürünün işyeri yaralanmalarına etkisinde güvenlik davranışlarının aracılık rolünü tespit etmektir. Çalışmanın kapsamı ve sınırları itibarıyle; Kırşehir ve Kırıkkale’de yer alan döküm sektöründeki işletmelerin çalışanlarıdır. Veri toplamak amacıyla anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Kırıkkale ve Kırşehir'deki metal döküm sanayiinde 309 çalışanın anket verileri kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler Amos istatistik programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda güvenlik iklimi ve güvenlik kültürünün işyeri yaralanmaları üzerinde etkisinde güvenlik davranışlarının aracılık etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Güvenlik İklimi,Güvenlik Kültürü,Güvenlik Davranışları,İşyeri Yaralanmaları

The Mediating Role of Safety Behaviors on the Relationship between Safety Climate, Safety Cultural and Workplace Injuries: A Research in the Metal Casting Industry

Abstract

People want to be safe in their social lives as well as in their business life. However, there are some occupations (mining, iron-steel, metal casting industry, etc.) from time to time work accidents and accompanying serious injuries may occur. It is extremely important to create a safe atmosphere in the workplace to reduce the injuries caused by this work accident. The aim of this study is to determine the mediating role of security behaviors in the safety climate and safety culture in terms of workplace injuries. According to the scope and limits of the study; Kırşehir and Kırıkkale are the employees of the companies in the casting sector. Survey method was used to collect data. The survey data of 309 employees were used in the metal casting industry in Kırıkkale and Kırşehir. The relationships between variables were analyzed by Amos statistical program. As a result of the study, it was observed that security behaviors have a mediating effect on the safety climate and safety culture on the workplace injuries. 

Keywords

• Safety Climate,Safety Culture,Safety Behaviors,Workplace Injuries

Kaynakça

1. Alkış, H. ve Taşpınar, Y. (2012). “İşçi Sağlığı ve İş Güvenliğinde Yeni Yaklaşımlar, Demir Çelik Sektörü Çalışanlarının İşçi Sağlığı ve İş Güvenliği Algısı: Konya Örneği”, International Iron & Steel Symposium, 02-04 April 2012, Karabük, Türkiye, 1190-1196.
2. Barnes, C.M. ve Wagner D.T. (2009). “Changing to Daylight Saving Time Cuts into Sleep and Increases Workplace Injuries”, Journal of Applied Psychology. 94, (5), 1305-1317.
3. Baron, Reuben M. and David A. Kenny (1986), “Moderator Mediator Variables Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51 (6), 1173–82.
4. Bernard, B. (2014). “Safety Culture As a Way of Responsive Regulatİon: Proposal for a Nuclear Safety Culture Oversight Model”, International Nuclear Safety Journal, vol.3, issue 2, pp.1-11.
5. Beus, J. M ., Bergman, M. E., Payne, S.C. (2010). “The İnfluence of Organizational Tenure on Safety Climate Strength: A First Look”, Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42, 1431-1437.
6. Beus, J.M., McCord, M.A., Zohar, D., (2016). “Workplace Safety: A Review and Research Synthesis”, Organizational Psychology Review, Vol. 6(4), 352–381.
7. Bjerkan, A.M., (2010). “Health, Environment, Safety Culture and Climate-Analyzing the Relationships to Occupational Accidents”, Journal of Risk Research, 13(4): 445-477.
8. Clarke S. (2010). “An Integrative Model of Safety climate: linking psychological climate and work attitudes to individual safety outcomes using meta-analysis”, J. Occup. Organ. Psychol. 83(3):553–578

9. Clarke, S., ve Cooper CL. (2004). Managing the Risk of Workplace Stress: Health and Safety Hazards. London: Routledge.
10. Cooper, D. (2002). “Safety Culture: A Model for Understanding & Quantifying a Difficult Concept”, 47 (6), June: 30-36.
11. Cooper, M. D. ve Phillips, R.A. (2004) “Exploratory Analysis of the Safety Climate and Safety Behavior Relationship”, Journal of Safety Research, 35, 497-512.
12. Coyle, I.R., Sleeman, S. D., and Adams, N., (1995). “Safety Climate”, Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 247-254.
13. Cox, S. ve Flin, R., (1998). “Safety Culture: Philosopher's Stone or Man of Straw?”, Work and Stress, 12(3), 189–201.
14. Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı (2000). Sekizinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı Demir-Çelik Sanayii Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu, Ankara.
15. Dursun, S. (2013) “İş Güvenliği Kültürünün Çalışanların Güvenli Davranışları Üzerine Etkisi”, Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, Cilt 3, Sayı 2, Sayfa 61-75.
16. Fang, D., Wu, C., and Wu, H. (2015). “Impact of the Supervisor on Worker Safety Behavior in Construction Projects”, Journal of Management in Engineering, 31(6), 04015001.
17. Freeman, D., Garety, P. A., Kuipers, E., Fowler, D., Bebbington, P. E., Dunn, G. (2007). “Acting on Persecutory Delusions: The İmportance of Safety Seeking”, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 89-99.
18. Fugas, C. S., Silva, S. A., Meliá, J. L. (2012). “Another Look at Safety Climate and Safety Behavior: Deepening the Cognitive and Social Mediator Mechanisms”, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 45, 468-477.
19. Glendon, A.I. and Litherland, D.K., (2001). “Safety Climate Factors, Group Differences and Safety Behavior in Road Construction”, Safety Science, 39: 157-188.
20. Grebenšek, M. V., Kosel, T. (2015). “Safety Culture Assessment – Optimization of Existing Practice”, International Journal for Traffic and Transport Engineering, 2015, 5(4): 360 – 370.
21. Griffin, M. A. ve Neal, A. (2000). “Perceptions of Safety At Work: A Framework For Linking Safety Climate To Safety Performance, Knowledge and Motivation”, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(3): 347-358.
22. Griffin, M. A., & Curcuruto, M. (2016). “Safety limate in Organizations”, Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior”, 3, 191-212.
23. Guo, B. H., Yiu, T. W., González, V. A. (2016). “Predicting Safety Behavior in the Construction Industry: Development and Test of an Integrative Model”, Safety Science, 84, 1-11.
24. Harsini, A. Z. and Ghofranipour F. (2016). “The Some Antecedents of Safe Behaviors among Employees”, SM J Community Medicine, 2(1): 1017.
25. Hemingway, M. A., & Smith, C. S. (1999). “Organizational climate and occupational stressors as predictors of withdrawal behaviours and injuries in nurses.” Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72, 285–299.
26. Johnson, S.E., (2007). “The Predictive Validity of Safety Climate”, Journal of Safety Research, 38: 511–521.
27. Kanten, S. (2013) “The Relationships among Working Conditions, Safety Climate, Safe Behaviors and Occupational Accidents: An Empirical Research on the Marble Workers”, The Macrotheme Review, 2(4), 173-182.
28. Kearney, G. D., Rodriguez, G., Quandt, S. A., Arcury, J. T., & Arcury, T. A. (2015). “Work Safety Climate, Safety Behaviors, and Occupational Injuries of Youth Farmworkers in North Carolina”, American Journal of Public Halth, 105(7), 1336-1343.
29. Kvalheim, Sverre A., Dahl Qyvind (2016). “Safety Compliance and Safety Climate: A repeated cross-sectional study in the oil and gas industry”, Journal and safety Research”, 59, 33-41.
30. Konya Sanayi Odası (2008). Konya Ana Metal Sanayi Sektörel Analiz Raporu, Konya. Liu, X., Huang, G., Huang, H., Wang, S., Xiao, Y., & Chen, W. (2015). “Safety Climate, Safety Behavior and Worker Injuries in the Chinese Manufacturing Industry”, Safety Science, 78, 173-178.
31. Lu, C. S., and Yang, C. S. (2011). “Safety Climate and Safety Behavior in the Passenger Ferry Context”, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43(1), 329-341.
32. Lu, C. S., Hsu, C. N., & Lee, C. H. (2016). “The Impact of Seafarers’ Perceptions of National Culture and Leadership on Safety Attitude and Safety Behavior in Dry Bulk Shipping”, International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Economy, 4, 75-87.
33. Masood, R., Choudhry, R.M. (2011) “Measuring Safety Climate to Enhance Safety Culture in the Construction Industry of Pakistan”, CIB W099 Safety and Health in Construction Conference: Prevention: Means to the End of Construction Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities, 1243-1249.
34. Mearns, K. J., & Flin, R. (1999). “Assessing the State of Organizational Safety—Culture or Climate?”, Current Psychology, 18(1), 5-17.
35. Morrow, S. L., Koves, G. K., & Barnes, V. E. (2014). “Exploring the Relationship Between Safety Culture and Safety Performance in US Nuclear Power Operations”, Safety Science, 69, 37-47.
36. Nahrgang, J. D., Morgeson, F. P., & Hofmann, D. A. (2011). “Safety at Work: A Meta-Analytic İnvestigation of the Link Between Job Demands, Job Resources, Burnout, Engagement, and Safety Outcomes”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(1), 71.
37. Neal, A. Ve Griffin M.A. (2006) “A Study of the Lagged Relationships Among Safety Climate, Safety Motivation, Safety Behavior, and Accidents at the Individual and Group Levels”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 91, No. 4, 946–953.
38. Nordlöf, H., Wiitavaara, B., Winblad, U., Wijk, K., & Westerling, R. (2015). “Safety Culture and Reasons for Risk-Taking at a Large Steel Manufacturing Company: Investigating the Worker Perspective”, Safety Science, 73, 126-135.
39. Petitta, L., Probst, T. M., Barbaranelli, C. (2017). “Safety Culture, Moral Disengagement, and Accident Underreporting”, J Bus Ethics, 141: 489–504.
40. Rachman, S., Radomsky, A. S., Shafran, R. (2008). “Safety Behaviour: A Reconsideration”, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 2, 163-173.
41. Reason, J. (1998). “Achieving a Safe Culture: Theory and Practice”, Work & Stress, Vol. 12, No. 3, 293-306.
42. Sadullah, Ö. ve Kanten, S. (2009). “A Research on The Effect of Organizational Safety Climate Upon The Safe Behaviors”, Ege Academic Review, 9(3): 923-932.
43. Salkovskis, P. M. (1991). “The İmportance of Behaviour in the Maintenance of Anxiety and Panic: a Cognitive Account”, Behavioural Psychotherapy, 19, 6-19.
44. Schwatka, N. V., & Rosecrance, J. C. (2016). “Safety Climate and Safety Behaviors in the Construction Industry: The Importance of Co-Workers Commitment to Safety”, Work, 54(2), 401-413.
45. Tucker, S., N Turner (2011) “Young Worker Safety Behaviors: Development and Validation of Measures”, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43,1, 165-175.
46. Turner, N., Tucker, S., & Kelloway, E. K. (2015). “Prevalence and Demographic Differences in Microaccidents and Safety Behaviors Among Young Workers in Canada”, Journal of safety research, 53, 39-43.
47. Uçkun, C.G., Yüksel, A., Demir, B., Yüksel, İ. (2013). “Kurumsal İtibarın Artırılmasında İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kültürünün Rolü İle Meslek Yüksekokullarında Bulunan İş Güvenliği Uzmanlığı Programının Analizi”, Elektronik Mesleki Gelişim Ve Araştırmalar Dergisi, Cilt: 1, Sayı: 2, 57-67.
48. Waehrer, G. M. and Miller T. R. (2009). “Does Safety Training Reduce Work Injury in the United States?”, The Ergonomics Open Journal, 2, 26-39.
49. Williamson, A. M., Feyer A.-M., Cairns, D., Biancotti, D. (1997). “The Development of a Measure of Safety Climate: The Role of Safety Perceptions and Attitudes”, Safety Science Vol. 25. No. 1-3. pp. 15-27.
50. Zhou, Q., Fang, D. and Wang, X., (2008). “A Method to İdentify Strategies for the İmprovement of Human Safety Behavior by Considering Safety Climate and Personal Experience”, Safety Science, 46:1406–1419.
51. Zhao, X., Lynch Jr, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010). “Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and Truths About Mediation Analysis”, Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197-206.
52. Zohar, D., (1980). “Safety Climate in Industrial Organizations: Theoretical and Applied Implications”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 65: 96-102.