Uzaydan Dünyaya Gelebilecek Tehditler, Uzaylı İstilası veya Dünya Dışı Yaşamla Temas Durumu: Finansal Kurumlarda ve Piyasalarda Sürdürülebilirliğe, Risk Yönetimine Dair Önerme ve Yaklaşımlar

Öz

“Uzayda yalnız mıyız? Neredeler?” soruları insanlık tarihinin en büyük sorularından biridir. Eğer kâinatta yalnız değilsek ve “Wow” sinyalini uzaydaki bir akıllı yaşam formu gönderdi veya Oumuamua akademide iddia edildiği gibi bir uzaylı gemisi ise veya uzay-zamanda bir gün insanlık evrende uzaylı bir varlıkla temas ederse bu durumun, (keza göktaşı, virüs, uzay savaşları gibi uzaydan gelebilecek diğer risklerin de) birçok etki ve sonuçları olacaktır. Bu konu farklı disiplinlerinde incelenmiş olsa da bankacılık, borsacılık, sigortacılık gibi finansal hizmetlerde akademik yazında incelenmemiştir. Sosyal bilimlerdeki limitli kaynakçaya katkı açısından uzaydan dünyaya ve insanlığa gelebilecek tehditlerin olası finansal risklerinin yönetimi bu çalışmada incelenmektedir. Sonuçlar arasında astro-ekonomi veya uzay ekonomisi disiplininin geliştirilmesi, JEL veya ASCL.net kodları gibi ilgili tüm bilimsel konularda önemli geliştirme ihtiyacının tespiti bulgulardan bazılarıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bankacılık
• Risk Yönetimi
• Finansal Kurumlar
• Uzay Ekonomisi
• Astro-Ekonomi
• Finansal Piyasalar

Threats That Could Come to the World From the Space, Alien Invasion and/or An Extraterrestrial Contact: Approaches and Propositions on Risk Management and Sustainability in Financial Markets and Institutions

Abstract

“Are we alone in space? Where are they? are the biggest questions of human history. If we were not the only species in the universe, if “Wow” signal or if Oumuamua were an alien contact as claimed in academy, or one day in space-time, human beings came into contact with an alien civilization, (or risks like meteorites, space virus or space wars), this would have many effects and consequences. Apart from some other disciplines, its impacts on financial services such as banking, stock exchange, insurance have not been examined. The financial risks (and its management) that may arise from space to earth and to humanity are examined in detail. Significant improvement needs in all academic topics, creation of astro-economy or space economics, newly JEL or ASCL.net codes are some of the results.

Keywords

• Risk Management
• Banking
• Financial Institutions
• Space Economics
• Astro-Economics
• Financial Markets

Kaynakça

1. Achenbach, J. (2019). Trump and Pence Push ‘America First’ Agenda to the Moon and Outer Space. Washingtonpost.com Web Site, Health & Science Web Page, April 26, 2019, https://www.washingtonpost.com/ national/health-science/trump-and-pence-push-america-first-agenda-to-the-moon-and-outer-space/2019/04/25/61ce9df4-5f98-11e9-9ff2-abc984dc9eec_story.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
2. AEROSPACE.CSIS.org. (Anonim). Center for Strategic and International Studies Web Site, https://aerospace.csis.org/space-threat-assessment-2019/, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
3. Babacan, C. (2017). Sigorta Şirketlerinin Mali Yatırımlarının Piyasa Risklerinin Ölçümlenme Yöntemleri Üzerine Bir Uygulama. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Bahar 2017/1, 16(31): 583-598, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/84636392.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
4. Baker, S. (2019). 'A Terrible, Terrible Thing': NASA Said India's Satellite Destruction Created So Much Space Junk It Now Threatens The Safety of the International Space Station. Businessinsider.com News Web Site, Apr. 2, 2019, 5:35 AM, https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-space-junk-india-destroying-missile-threaten-international-space-station-terrible-thing-2019-4, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
5. Belen, S. & Özel, M.E. (2012). Fermi Açmazı İçin Yeni Bir Çözüm Önerisi. XVIII. Ulusal Astronomi ve Uzay Bilimleri Kongresi, VII. Ulusal Astronomi ve Uzay Bilimleri Öğrenci Kongresi Bildirisi, 27 Ağustos – 1 Eylül 2012 Malatya, ss.319-322, http://kitap.uak.info.tr/2012/2012UAK..2012..319B.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
6. Bialy, S. & Loeb, A. (2018). Could Solar Radiation Pressure Explain ‘Oumuamua’s Peculiar Acceleration? The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 868(1): 1-5, L1, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.11490 .pdf#cite.Loeb2018, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
7. Blaustein, R. A., McFarland A.G., Ben Maamar., S., Lopez, A., Castro-Wallace, S. & Hartmann, E. M. (2019). Pangenomic Approach to Understanding Microbial Adaptations Within A Model Built Environment, The International Space Station, Relative to Human Hosts and Soil. American Society for Microbiology (AMS), mSystems Journal, 4:e00281-18, January, February 2019, Volume 4 Issue:1, 4(1): 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00281-18, https://msystems.asm.org/content/4/1/e00281-18, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
8. Boyle, R. (2017). Why These Scientists Fear Contact With Space Aliens. NBCNews.com Web Site, Storyline News, Feb. 8, 2017, 5:23 PM GMT+3 / Updated Feb. 8, 2017, 6:15 PM GMT+3, https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/the-big-questions/why-these-scientists-fear-contact-space-aliens-n717271, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2019).

9. Callimahos, L. D. (Anonim). Communication With Extraterrestrial Intelligence. NSA.gov Web Site, Declassified Documents, DOCID:3052333, pp.4-10, https://www.nsa.gov/Portals/70/documents/news-features/declassified-documents/cryptologic-spectrum/communications_with_extraterrestrial.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
10. Chela-Flores, J. (1999). Testing The Drake Equation in The Solar System. CERN Records, EXT-99-038, 01/09/1999, IC/99/117, pp.1-9, (To be published in the Proceedings of Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series (2000)), http://cds.cern.ch/record/411138/files/ext-99-038.pdf and Bioastronomy 99: A New Era in the Search for Life, ASP Conference Series, Vol. 213, 2000, pp.403-410, http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/2000ASPC..213..403C/0000403.000.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
11. CNEOS, JPL, NASA. (Anonim.a). Center for Near Earth Objects Studies, California Institute of Technology, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Web Site, (“CNEOS is NASA's center for computing asteroid and comet orbits and their odds of Earth impact”), https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2019).
12. CNEOS, JPL, NASA. (Anonim.b). Center for Near Earth Objects Studies, California Institute of Technology, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Web Site, Fireballs Web Page, https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/fireballs/, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2019).
13. CNEOS, JPL, NASA. (Anonim.c). Center for Near Earth Objects Studies, California Institute of Technology, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Web Site, Sentry: Earth Impact Monitoring Web Page, https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/sentry/, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2019).
14. Dasch, P. & Treiman, A. (Anonim). Ancient Life on Mars? Lunar and Planetary Institute Web Site, lpi.usra.edu, Web Powerpoint Presentation Compiled by Pat Dasch and Allan Treiman, https://www.lpi.usra.edu/publications/slidesets/marslife/, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
15. Dick, S.J. (2015). The Impact of Discovering Life Beyond Earth. (Bölüm Yazarlı Kitap, Editör), Cambridge University Press, 2015, https://books.google.com.tr/books?isbn=1107109981, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
16. Disparte, D. (2018). Elon Musk Versus The SEC: When A Tweet Costs $40 Million. Forbes.com News Web Site, Sep 29, 2018, 11:10pm https://www.forbes.com/sites/dantedisparte/2018/09/29/elon-musk-versus-the-sec-when-a-tweet-costs-40-million/#3e94ddac1556, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
17. Dumas, S. (2015). Message To Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence – A Historical Perspective. https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/281036518_Message_to_Extra-Terrestrial_Intelligence_-_a_historical_perspective, pp.1-17, August 17, 2015, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
18. ESA.int. (Anonim). How Many Stars Are There in the Universe? European Space Agency Web Site, Herschel Web Page, https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Herschel/How_many_stars_are_there_in_the_Universe, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
19. EXOPLANETS.NASA.gov. (2019). Black Hole Image Makes History; NASA Telescopes Coordinated Observations. NASA Exoplanet Exploration Web Site, News, April 10, 2019, https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1566/black-hole-image-makes-history-nasa-telescopes-coordinated-observations/, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
20. Freeman, D. (2019). What If A Killer Asteroid Were Headed Toward Earth? NASA Plans To Find Out This Week. NBCNews.com News Web Site, MACH Space Web Page News, April 29, 2019, 7:00 PM GMT+3, https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/what-if-killer-asteroid-were-headed-toward-earth-nasa-plans-ncna999031, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2019).
21. Foust, J. (2014). NASA Selects Boeing and SpaceX for Commercial Crew Contracts. Spacenews.com News Web Site, September 16, 2014, https://spacenews.com/41891nasa-selects-boeing-and-spacex-for-commercial-crew-contracts/, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
22. Gohd, C. (2019). Even in Space, Microbes Continue to Evolve. Astronomy.com Web Site, Published: Tuesday, January 8, 2019, http://www.astronomy.com/news/2019/01/even-in-space-microbes-continue-to-evolve, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
23. Gren, I-M. (2008). Economics Of Alien Invasive Species Management—Choices of Targets and Policies. Boreal Environment Research 13, Helsinki 27 February 2008, Vol(13): 17-32, http://www.borenv.net/BER/pdfs/ber13/ber13-A017.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
24. Greshko, M. (2018). Stephen Hawking's Most Provocative Moments, From Evil Aliens To Black Hole Wagers. National Geographic Web Site, News.nationalgeographic.com Web Page, Article Originally Published 14.03.2018, Updated 02.05.2018, https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/03/ stephen-hawking-controversial-physics-black-holes-bets-science/, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2019).
25. Gökgöz, E. (2006). Riske Maruz Değer (VaR) ve Portföy Optimizasyonu. Yayın No:190, (ss.42-46), Ankara: Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu Yayını, 2006.
26. Gürdilek, R. (1999). Matematik Gözüyle Dünya Dışı Yaşam. Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, Ocak 1999, ss.44-48, http://www.biyolojiegitim.yyu.edu.tr/matpdf/matgozuyledunyadisi.PDF, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
27. Hillis, S. (2007). How To Prepare For Alien Invasion? Reuters.com News Web Site Article, April 25, 2007 / 10:11 AM, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-aliens/how-to-prepare-for-alien-invasion-idUSN0934498720070425, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
28. Hodgson, T., Lowe, S. & Yin, L. (2014). Pandemic and Alien Invasion Not on Your Radar? Extreme Risks Matter. Tower Watson (Consultancy) Web Site, towerswatson.com, April 11, 2014, https://www.towerswatson.com/en/ Insights/Newsletters/Global/emphasis/2014/pandemic-and-alien-invasion-not-on-your-radar, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2019).
29. Howell, E. (2018). How Would Humanity React If We Really Found Aliens? Space.com Web Site, April 30, 2018, https://www.space.com/40435-finding-aliens-humanity-reaction.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2019).
30. HUFFINGTONPOST.ca. (2013). Paul Hellyer, Ex-Defence Minister, Believes In Aliens (VIDEO). Huffingtonpost.com Canada News Web Site, Politics Web Page News, 06/05/2013 11:48 EDT | Updated 02/09/2014 07:59 EST, https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/06/05/paul-hellyer-aliens-ufos-video_n_3390295.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
31. IISLWEB.org. (1999). Proceedings of the Workshop on Space Law in the Twenty-First Century Organized by the International Institute of Space Law (IISL) with the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs. (Unispace III Technical Forum, July, 1999), United Nations, New York, 2000, pp.1-232, https://iislweb.org/docs/st_space_02E.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
32. IMDB.com. (Anonim.a). “Contact” Movie, Warner Bros. (Presents) and South Side Amusement Company Production, 1997, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0118884/, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2019).
33. IMDB.com. (Anonim.b). “Arrival” Movie, Lava Bear Films, FilmNation Entertainment, 21 Laps Entertainment, Reliance Entertainment and Xenolinguistics (Copyright Holder), 2016, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2543164/, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2019).
34. IMDB.com. (Anonim.c). “Interstellar” Movie, Paramount Pictures (Presents) and Warner Bros. (Presents) (as Warner Bros. Pictures) (and other production companies) Production, 2014, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0816692/, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2019).
35. IMDB.com. (Anonim.d). “Independence Day” Movie, Twentieth Century Fox (Presents) (as Twentieth Century Fox) and Centropolis Entertainment, 1996, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0116629/, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2019).
36. IMDB.com. (Anonim.e). “Armageddon” Movie, Touchstone Pictures (Presents), Jerry Bruckheimer Films, Valhalla Motion Pictures (in association with) and Digital Image Associates, 1998, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120591/, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2019).
37. IMDB.com. (Anonim.f). “Extinction” Movie, Good Universe, Mandeville Films and Universal Pictures (Uncredited), 2018, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3201640/, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2019).
38. Johnson, S. (2017). Greetings, E.T. (Please Don’t Murder Us.). Nytimes.com News Web Site, June 28, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/28/magazine/greetings-et-please-dont-murder-us.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
39. Joseph, R. G., Dass, R. S., Rizzo, V., Cantasano, N. & Bianciardi, G. (2019). Evidence of Life on Mars? Journal of Astrobiology and Space Science Reviews, Vol 1: 40-81, 2019, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331811325_Evidence_of_Life_on_Mars, http://journalofastrobiology.com/EvidenceofLifeonMars.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
40. Kluger, J. (2014). Bill Clinton Is Right: There Are Aliens in Space. Time Magazine Web Site News, Time.com, April 3, 2014, http://time.com/48208/clinton-aliens-kimmel-space/, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
41. Kontturi, K. (2016). Science Fiction Parody in Don Rosa’s, Attack of the Hideous Space-Varmints.. Fafnir: Nordic Journal of Science Fiction and Fantasy Research, 3 (4): 53-65. http://journal.finfar.org/articles/792.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
42. Krugman, P.R. (2010). The Theory of Interstellar Trade. Economic Inquiry, 48(4): 1119-1123, Originally written in 1978, June 20, 2008, First Pulished in 14 September 2010, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2009.00225.x, http://www.standupeconomist.com/pdf/misc/interstellar.pdf, or SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1677120, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
43. Langston, S.M. (2016). Space Travel: Risk, Ethics, and Governance in Commercial Human Spaceflight. New Space, 4 (2): 83-97, https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/space.2015.0015, https://www.academia.edu/24165874/Space_Travel_Risk_Ethics_and_Governance_ in_Commercial_Spaceflight, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
44. Livio, M. (2017). Winston Churchill’s Essay On Alien Life Found. Nature International Weekly Journal of Science, Vol.542, Issue 7641, 15 February 2017, 542(7641): 289-291, https://www.nature.com/news/ winston-churchill-s-essay-on-alien-life-found-1.21467, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
45. Ma, A. (2019). NASA Chief Warns That People Need to Take the Threat of A Meteor Crashing Into Earth Much More Seriously. Businessinsider.com Web Site News, May 2, 2019, 7:52 AM, https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-threat-of-meteor-crashing-into-earth-is-bigger-than-you-think-2019-5, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
46. Maccone, C. (2010-2011). SETI and SEH (Statistical Equation for Habitables). Acta Astronautica, 68(1–2) : 63-75, https://www.academia.edu/29953604/SETI_and_SEH_Statistical_Equation_for_Habitables_ ve https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094576510002018, January–February 2011, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
47. Martin, S. (2018). Alien Warning: Deadly Bacteria From Space Could Wreak Havoc on Life on Earth. Express.co.uk News Web Site, Science Web Page, Published: 17:12, Tue, Jul 10, 2018 | Updated: 17:16, Tue, Jul 10, 2018, https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/986739/alien-bacteria-international-space-station-iss-cosmonaut-aliens-space-news, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
48. Michaud, M.A.G. (2010). Contact with Alien Civilizations: Our Hopes and Fears About Encountering Extraterrestrials. Springer Science & Business Media, 5 May 2010, https://books.google.com.tr/books?isbn=0387686185, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
49. Millman, G. (2013). A Risk to Consider: Alien Invasion. The Wall Street Journal News Web Site, Blog, Oct 30, 2013 6:30 am ET, https://blogs.wsj.com/riskandcompliance/2013/10/30/alien-invasion-a-risk-to-consider-towers-watson/, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
50. Mosher, D. (2018). Elon Musk Says A New Study About Aliens Gives Humans Even More Reason To Colonize Other Planets. Businessinsider.com News Web Site News, Jun. 26, 2018, 5:54 PM, https://www.businessinsider.com/fermi-paradox-drake-equation-aliens-elon-musk-2018-6, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
51. Neal, M. (2014). Preparing for Extraterrestrial Contact. Risk Management, 16 (2): 63-87, (May 2014), https://www.jstor.org/stable/43695437, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2019).
52. Nightingale, P. (2013). Alien Finance and the Development of the English Economy, 1285–1311. The Economic History Review, 66 (2): 477-496, (May 2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2012.00657.x, or https://ssrn.com/abstract=2244045, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
53. NTV.com.tr. (2016). “Hidrojen ve Atom Bombası Arasında Ne Fark Var?” NTV Haber Web Sitesi, Ntv.com.tr, Teknoloji Sayfası, 09.02.2016 - 15:12, https://www.ntv.com.tr/teknoloji/hidrojen-ve-atom-bombasi-arasinda-ne-fark-var,JhcZx2VyxEuGyPWxIY5pDQ, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2019).
54. NTV.com.tr & AA. (2018). Türkiye Uzay Ajansı Resmen Kuruldu (Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanı Varank'tan İlk Açıklama). NTV Haber Web Sitesi, Anadolu Ajansı, Ntv.com.tr, 13.12.2018 - 04:07 Son Güncelleme : 13.12.2018 - 11:52, https://www.ntv.com.tr/teknoloji/turkiye-uzay-ajansi-resmen-kuruldu-sanayi-ve-teknoloji-bakani-varanktan-ilk-aci,O4lcKkx1fE-8QCGJ0-c8Lg, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2019).
55. Oberhaus, D. (2019 Expected). Extraterrestrial Languages. The MIT Press, October 2019 Expected, Cambridge, London, Hardcover ISBN: 9780262043069, https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/extraterrestrial-languages, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
56. Özalp, H. (2015). "Kuran-ı Kerim'de Kozmik Tarih ve Biyolojik Gelişim." Electronic Turkish Studies, 10(1): 535-552 (2015), http://isamveri.org/pdfdrg/D03262/2015_1/2015_1_OZALPH.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
57. Peters, T., Hewlett, M., Moritz, J.M. & Russell, R. J. (2018). Astrotheology: Science and Theology Meet Extraterrestrial Life. (Bölüm Yazarlı Kitap, Editörler), Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2018, https://books.google.com.tr/books?isbn=1532606397, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
58. Prantzos, N. (2013). A Joint Analysis of the Drake Equation and the Fermi Paradox. International Journal of Astrobiology, 12 (3): 246-253, July 2013, http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013IJAsB..12..246P or DOI: 10.1017/S1473550413000037 or https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235258369_A_joint_analysis_of_the_Drake_equation_and_the_Fermi_paradox, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
59. PHL.UPR.edu. (2019). Current Number of Potentially Habitable Exoplanets. Planetary Habitability Laboratory, University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo Web Site, Last Update: February 1, 2019, http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
60. RESMİGAZETE.gov.tr. (1967). Ay ve Diğer Gök Cisimleri Dahil, Uzayın Keşif ve Kullanılmasında Devletlerin Faaliyetlerini Yöneten İlkeler Hakkında Andlaşma. Resmî Gazete Tarih: 23 Ekim 1967, Resmî Gazete No: 12732, Karar Sayısı: 6/8766, http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/12732.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
61. Rincon, P. (2018). Stephen Hawking's Warnings: What He Predicted For The Future. BBC.com News Web Site, Science & Environment Web Page, 15 March 2018, https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-43408961, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2019).
62. Sagan, C. (1973). Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence, The MIT Press, 1973, Cambridge, London, Hardcover ISBN: 9780262191067428, https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/communication-extraterrestrial-intelligence, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
63. Sagan C. & Drake F. (1975). The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. Scientific American, 232 (5): 80-89, May 1975, https://www.jstor.org/stable/24949801, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
64. SETI.org. (2018). Protocols for An ETI Signal Detection. Apr 23, 2018, https://www.seti.org/protocols-eti-signal-detection, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2019).
65. Starr, M. (2018). Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Have Been Discovered on Board The International Space Station. Sciencealert.com Web Site, Space Web Page, 26 Nov 2018, https://www.sciencealert.com/microbes-on-the-iss-show-we-can-t-take-astronaut-health-for-granted, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
66. STUDIES.ku.dk. (Anonim). Kopenhag University Web Site, Department of Political Science Web Pages, Master of Science (MSc) in Security Risk Management Web Page Flyer, https://studies.ku.dk/masters/security-risk-management/boxes/flyers/SecondWOW.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
67. Şahin, B.D. (Anonim). Isaac Asimov’un “Ben, Robot”una Genel Bir Bakış. Bilimkurgukulubu.com Web Sitesi, Edebiyat Web Sayfası Yazısı, https://www.bilimkurgukulubu.com/edebiyat/isaac-asimovun-ben-robotuna-genel-bir-bakis/, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
68. Taslaman, C. (2007). İzafiyet Teorisi, Değerler ve Tanrı-Evren İlişkisi. Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 33 (2007/2), ss.5-20, http://dspace.marmara.edu.tr/handle/11424/1570, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
69. THEGUARDIAN.com. (2019). Japanese Spacecraft 'Bombs' Asteroid in Scientific Mission. Theguardian.com News Web Site, April 5, 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/apr/05/japanese-spacecraft-bombs-asteroid-in-scientific-mission, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
70. Thomä, J. & Dupre, S. (2018). Stress-Testing Alien Invasion. Are Financial Markets Mispricing The Biggest Systemic Risk Ever? FERMI’nvesting Initiative (Fii), degrees-investing.org Web Site, 2018/3, pp.1-15, https://2degrees-investing.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Fii_MarsAttack_v1.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.04.2019).
71. Tsiga, Z.D., Emes, M. & Smith, A. (2016). Attitudes To Risk Management in Space Projects. The Journal of Modern Project Management, North America, 4(1), May 2016, https://www.journalmodernpm.com/index.php/ jmpm/article/view/182, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
72. Türker, H. (2009). Riske Maruz Değer (Value At Risk) ve Stres Testi: Global Finansal Kriz Sonrası Etkinliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Sermaye Piyasası Kurumu Yayın No:1014, Araştırma Raporu, Temmuz 2009, ss.1-25, http://www.spk.gov.tr/SiteApps/Yayin/YayinGoster/1014, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
73. UNOOSA.org. (Anonim.a). Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. (General Assembly Resolution 2222 (XXI), Annex) Adopted on 19 December 1966, Opened for Signature on 27 January 1967, Entered into Force on 10 October 1967, http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/outerspacetreaty.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
74. UNOOSA.org. (2002.b). United Nations Treaties and Principles On Outer Space. ST/SPACE/11, United Nations Publication, ISBN 92-1-100900-6, 2002, ss.1-56, http://www.unoosa.org/pdf/publications/STSPACE11E.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
75. UN-Spider.org. (Anonim). United Nations, Office of Outer Space Affairs, UN-Spider Knowledge Portal, http://www.un-spider.org/ or http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/un-spider/index.html (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
76. Vakoch, D.A. (2011). Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence (CETI). (Bölüm Yazarlı Kitap, Editör), SUNY Press, 1 April 2011, State University of New York, NY. https://www.google.com.tr/search?tbm=bks&hl=tr&q=1438437951, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
77. Vakoch, D.A. & Harrison A.A. (2011). Civilizations Beyond Earth: Extraterrestrial Life and Society. (Bölüm Yazarlı Kitap, Editörler), Berghahn Books, 1 September 2011, https://books.google.com.tr/books?isbn=0857452126, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).
78. Wall, M. (2019). Could Life on Earth Have Come from Another Star System? Space.com Web Site, 03.05.2019, https://www.space.com/interstellar-panspermia-earth-life-oumuamua.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 03.05.2019).
79. Zhao, C. & Blair, D.G. (2017). First Direct Detection of Gravitational Waves. National Science Review, 4 (5): 681–682, September 2017, Published: 11 August 2017, https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx089, https://academic.oup.com/nsr/article/4/5/681/4081679, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019).