Atfetme Stillerinin İş Tatmini, İş Performansı ve İşten Ayrılma Niyetleri Üzerindeki Etkisi: Otel İşletmesi Çalışanları Örneği

Öz

İşgörenlerin karşılaştıkları başarı ve başarısızlık durumlarını değerlendirmeleri ve bunları açıklamakta kullandıkları argümanlar, onların iş yerindeki davranışlarını ve iş çıktılarını etkilemektedir. Bireyler bu değerlendirmelerde pozitif ve negatif olmak üzere iki atfetme stili kullanmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmanın amacı atfetme stillerinin, işgörenlerin iş tatmini, iş performansı ve işten ayrılma niyetine etkilerini incelemektir. Çalışmanın örneklemi Antalya Belek’teki beş yıldızlı otel çalışanları oluşturmaktadır. Veriler anket yöntemiyle toplanmıştır ve çalışma sonunda toplam 249 kullanılabilir anket elde edilmiştir. Yapılan SEM analizi sonuçlarına göre; pozitif atfetme stilinin iş tatmini ve iş performansını pozitif etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. İşten ayrılma niyeti üzerine ise anlamlı bir etkisi tespit edilememiştir. Negatif atfetme stilinin ise iş tatmini, iş performansı ve işten ayrılma niyetini etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Atfetme Stiller
• İş tatmini
• İş Performansı
• İşten Ayrılma Niyeti

The Effects of Attributional Style on Job Satisfaction, Job Performance, and Turnover Intention: The Case of Hotel Employees

Öz

Employees’ assessment of success and failure situations and arguments affects their behavior and work outcomes at work. Individuals use two attribution styles, positive and negative, in these evaluations. The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of attribution styles on job satisfaction, job performance, and turnover intention among five-star hotel business employees in Belek/Antalya, Turkey. Data is collected using a questionnaire, and 249 applicable questionnaires are gathered at the end of the study. According to the results of SEM analysis, a positive attributional style positively affects job satisfaction and job performance, but a significant effect on turnover intention could not be determined. On the other hand, a negative attributional style has no effect on job satisfaction, job performance, and turnover intention.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Attributional Style
• Job Satisfaction
• Job Performance
• Turnover Intention

Kaynakça

1. Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. P., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87(1), 49–74.
2. Ağaoğlu, O. K. (1992). İşgücünü Verimli Kullanma Tekniklerinin Turizm Sektörüne Uygulanması. Ankara:Milli Prodüktivite Merkezi Yayınları: 457.
3. Altunışık, R., Çoşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S. & Yıldırım, E. (2012). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri SPSS Uygulamalı (7. Baskı) Sakarya: Sakarya Kitabevi
4. Antonioni, D., & Park, H. (2001). The effects of personality similarity on peer ratings of contextual work behaviors. Personnel Psychology, 54(2), 331–360.
5. Babin, B. J., & Boles, J. S. (1996). The effects of perceived co-worker involvement and supervisor support on service provider role stress, performance and job satisfaction. Journal of Retailing, 72(1), 57–75.
6. Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–94.
7. Baş, T., & Ardic, K. (2002). A comparison of job satisfaction between public and private university academicians in Turkey. METU Studies in Development, 29(1–2), 27–46.
8. Betuyab Belek Turizm Yatırımcıları Ortak Girişimi http://www.betuyab.com.tr/tr/hotels (Erişim, 18.03.2017)

9. Brislin, R.W., W. J. Lonner ve R.M. Thorndike (1973), Cross-Cultural Research Methods, New York: John Wiley &Sons Production.
10. Ciarrochi, J., Heaven, P. C. L., & Davies, F. (2007). The impact of hope, self-esteem, and attributional style on adolescents’ school grades and emotional well-being: A longitudinal study. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(6), 1161–1178.
11. Corr, P. J., & Gray, J. A. (1995). Attributional style, socialization and cognitive ability as predictors of sales success: A predictive validity study. Personality and Individual Differences, 18(2), 241–252.
12. Corr, P. J., & Gray, J. A. (1996). Attributional style as a personality factor in insurance sales performance in the UK. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 69(1), 83–87.
13. Crick, N. R., & Ladd, G. W. (1993). Children’s perceptions of their peer experiences: Attributions, loneliness, social anxiety, and social avoidance. Developmental Psychology, 29(2), 244–254.
14. Fisher, R. T. (2001). Role stress, the type a behavior pattern, and external auditor job satisfaction and performance. Behavioral Research in Accounting, 13(1), 143–170.
15. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 18(1), 39–50.
16. Forza, C. (2002). Survey research in operations management: A process-based perspective. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 22(2), 152–194.
17. Furnham, A., Sadka, V., & Brewin, C. R. (1992). The development of an occupational attributional style questionnaire. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(1), 27–39.
18. Furnham, A., Brewin, C. R., & O’kelly, H. (1994). Cognitive style and attitudes to work. Human Relations, 47(12), 1509–1521.
19. Gladstone, T. R. G., & Kaslow, N. J. (1995). Depression and attributions in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23(5), 597–606.
20. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th. Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
21. Heaven, P. (1994). Occupational attributional style and attitudes to work: An Australian study, Australian Psychologist, 29(1), 57-61.
22. Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: John Wiley.
23. Houston, D. M. (1994). Gloomy but smarter: The academic consequences of attributional style. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33(4), 433–441.
24. Hui, C. H., Pak, S. T., Kwan, S., & Chao, A. (2012). Attributional style and engagement/disengagement responses in the Chinese workforce. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 61, 204–226.
25. Kale, E. (2015). Lider desteği ve iş arkadaşları desteğinin iş performansı üzerine etkileri: İş tatmini ve yaşam tatmininin aracı rolü. International Journal of Economic & Administrative Studies, 7(14), 103-119.
26. Küçükusta, D. (2007). Konaklama İşletmelerinde İş-Yaşam Dengesinin Çalışma Yaşamı Kalitesi Üzerindeki Etkisi (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, S.B.E., İzmir.
27. Kwan, S.-O., & Wong, F.-K. D. (2014). The relationship between attributional style and destructive responses to job dissatisfaction: an exploratory study of internal migrant workers in China. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 2(1), 686–695.
28. Lee, D. M., & Alvares, K. M. (1977). Effects of sex on descriptions and evaluations of supervisory behavior in a simulated industrial setting. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 405–410.
29. Mark, G., & Smith, A. P. (2012). Effects of occupational stress, job characteristics, coping, and attributional style on the mental health and job satisfaction of university employees. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 25(1), 63–78.
30. Martin, R., Leach, D. J., Norman, P., & Silvester, J. (2000). The role of attributions in psychological reactions to job relocation. Work and Stress, 14(4), 347–361.
31. Motowidlo, S. J., & Van Scotter, J. R. (1994). Evidence that task performance should be distinguished from contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), 475–480.
32. Nadiri, H., & Tanova, C. (2010). An investigation of the role of justice in turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior in hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(1), 33–41.
33. Needles, D. J., & Abramson, L. Y. (1990). Positive life events, attributional style, and hopefulness: Testing a model of recovery from depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99(2), 156–165.
34. Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory (2nd ed.). Psychometric theory.
35. Peterson, C., & Barrett, L. C. (1987). Explanatory style and academic performance among University Freshmen. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(3), 603–607.
36. Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. (1984). Causal explanations as a risk factor for depression: Theory and evidence. Psychological Review, 91(3), 347–374.
37. Peterson, C., & Steen, T. A. (2002). Optimistic Explanatory Style. In C. Synedr, and S. J. Lopez, Handbook of Positive Pychology (p. 244-256). New York: Oxford University Press.
38. Peterson, C., Semmel, A., Von Baeyer, C., Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Seligman, M. E. (1982) The attributional style questionnaire, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 6(3),287-299.
39. Proudfoot, J. G., Corr, P. J., Guest, D. E., & Gray, J. A. (2001). The development and evaluation of a scale to measure occupational attributional style in the financial services sector. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(2), 259–270.
40. Schmidt, F. L., Hunter, J. E., & Outerbridge, A. N. (1986). Impact of job experience and ability on job knowledge, work sample performance, and supervisory ratings of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 432–439.
41. Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A Beginner’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling. Technometrics.
42. Schwepker, C. H. (2001). Ethical climate’s relationship to job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention in the salesforce. Journal of Business Research, 54(1), 39–52.
43. Seligman, M. E. P., & Schulman, P. (1986). Explanatory style as a predictor of productivity and quitting among life ınsurance sales agents. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(4), 832–838.
44. Seligman, M. E. P., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Thornton, N., & Thornton, K. M. (1990). Explanatory style as a mechanism of disappointing athletic performance. Psychological Science, 1(2), 143–146.
45. Sigler, T. H., & Pearson, C. M. (2000). Creating an empowering culture: examining the relationship between organizational culture and perceptions of empowerment. Journal of Quality Management, 5(1), 27–52.
46. Silvester, J., Patterson, F., & Ferguson, E. (2003). Comparing two attributional models of job performance in retail sales: A field study. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76(1), 115–132.
47. Spector, P.E. (1997). Job Satisfaction: Application, Assessment, Causes and Consequences, Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications, Inc. Tavşancıl, E. (2002). Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
48. Tett, R. P., and Meyer, J. P. (1993). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover ıntention, and turnover: path analyses based on meta‐analytic findings. Personnel Psychology, 46(2), 259–293.
49. Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M., & Liden, R. C. (1997). Perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange: A social exchange perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 40(1), 82–111.
50. Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological Review, 92(4), 548–573.
51. Weiner, B. (2000). Intrapersonal and interpersonal theories of motivation from an attributional perspective. Educational Psychology Review, 12(1), 1–14.
52. Weiner, B., Frieze, I., Kukla, A., Reed, L., Rest, S., & Rosenbaum, R. M. (1971). Perceiving The Causes of Success and Failure. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.
53. Welbourne, J. L., Eggerth, D., Hartley, T. A., Andrew, M. E., & Sanchez, F. (2007). Occupational attributional style, attitudes to work and perceived occupational attributional style, attitudes to work and perceived, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 70 (2), 312-325.
54. Xenikou, A., Furnham, A., & McCarrey, M. (1997). Attributional style for negative events: A proposition for a more reliable and valid measure of attributional style, British Journal of Psychology, 88(1),53-69.