Covid-19’un Yeni Normalinde Toplumsal Sözleşme ve Özgürlükler Arasında Yüz Maskesi

Öz

Covid-19'un ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte, pandeminin yayılmasını engellemek için olağanüstü hal kapsamında evde kalma, karantina, sosyal mesafe ve yüz maskesi gibi alınan önlemler, yaşam tarzları olumsuz yönde etkilediğinden dolayı eleştirilmekte ve reddedilmektedir. Ancak birçok ülkede bir zorunluluk haline gelen yüz maskesi, bireysel özgürlüklerin ihlali ve özel hayata saygı bağlamında en çok tartışılan tedbir olmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, bireysel özgürlüklerden feda edilerek sosyal düzenin korunması adına toplum üyeleri arasında bir anlaşma veya işbirliğini ifade eden toplumsal sözleşme Covid-19'un yeni normalinde sorgulanmaya başlanmaktadır. İnsan hak ve özgürlüklerini ihlal etmeyecek yeni bir toplumsal sözleşme çağrısı yapılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Covid-19
• Yüz Maskesi
• Toplumsal Sözleşme
• Özgürlükler
• İnsan Hakları

Face Mask Between Social Contract and Freedoms in Covid-19's New Normal

Abstract

With the emergence of Covid-19, measures such as staying at home, quarantine, social distance and face masks under the state of emergency to prevent the spread of the pandemic are criticized and rejected because they negatively affect lifestyles. However, the face mask, which has become a necessity in many countries, is the most discussed measure in the context of violation of individual freedoms and respect for private life. Also, the social contract, which expresses an agreement or cooperation between members of the society in order to protect the social order by sacrificing individual freedoms, is beginning to be questioned in Covid-19’s new normal. A new social contract is called for that will not violate human rights and freedoms.

Keywords

• Covid-19
• freedoms
• Face Mask
• Social Contract
• Human Rights

Kaynakça

1. Alberta Human Rights Commission. (2020). Covid-19 and Human Rights. (Erişim :29.01.2021), https://www.albertahumanrights.ab.ca/employment/Pages/covid19.aspx.
2. Amnesty International (2020). Mesures prises face a la Covid-19 et obligations des etats en matiere de droits humains:Observations preliminaires. (Erişim:02.12.2020),https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL3019672020FRENCH.pdf.
3. Aytekin, E. (2020). Steps taken by countries in fighting COVID-19 pandemic. (Erişim :29.11.2020), https://www.aa.com.tr/en/health/steps-taken-by-countries-in-fighting-covid-19-pandemic/1812009.
4. Bachelet, M. (2020). COVID-19: les mesures exceptionnelles ne doivent pas servir à couvrir les abus et les violations des droits de l’homme. (Erişim:30.10.2020), https://www.ohchr.org/FR/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25828&LangID=f.
5. Bai, N. (2020). Still Confused About Masks? Here’s the Science Behind How Face Masks Prevent Coronavirus. (Erişim:28.01.2020), https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2020/06/417906/still-confused-about-masks-heres-science-behind-how-face-masks-prevent.
6. Blunt, G. (2020). Face Mask Rules: Do they Really Violate Personal Liberty, (Erişim:28.01.2021), https://theconversation.com/face-mask-rules-do-they-really-violate-personal-liberty-143634.
7. Bussard, S (2020). Le Covid-19, «Une crise des droits humains». (Erişim:14.11.2020), https://www.letemps.ch/monde/covid19-une-crise-droits-humains.
8. Charles, D. (2020). Couvre-feu, Stop Covid: La Ligue des droits de l'homme defend nos libertes individuelles. (Erişim:30.10.2020), https://www.hitwest.com/news/couvre-feu-stop-covid-la-ligue-des-droits-de-l-homme-defend-nos-libertes-individuelles-36508.

9. Controleur general des lieux de privation de liberte (2020). Les droits fondamentaux des personnes privées de liberté à l’épreuve de la crise sanitaire.17 mars au 10 juin 2020. (Erişim:18.11.2020), https://www.cglpl.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/CGLPL_Rapport-COVID.pdf.
10. Dahi, A. (2020). Coronavirus Aşısı Olan İnsanlar Maske Takmaya Devam edecek. (Erişim :29.01.2021), https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/saglik/corona-virus-asisi-olan-insanlar-maske-takmaya-devam-edecek,h-UdCFQCqE-lXms5DPMqcQ/pYLz0ctMR0m-14CIg9wACw.
11. Davaris, S. (2009:27). Le Contrat social réconcilie liberté et vie en société. (Erişim:03.12.2020), http://www.unige.ch/presse/static/ideesgenie/PDF11RROUSSEAU.pdf.
12. De Sakutin, S (2020). Le masque, pour la liberté de tous. (Erişim: 26.11.2020), https://theconversation.com/le-masque-pour-la-liberte-de-tous-143968.
13. Fiat, S (2020). A quelle liberté le port du masque peut il porter atteinte ? (Erişim: 18.11.2020), http://www.cdmf-avocats.fr/a-quelle-liberte-le-port-du-masque-peut-il-porter-atteinte/.
14. Fields, K. (2020). Wearing a face mask: Does it infringe on personal freedoms? (Erişim: 27.10.2020), https://www.ktvb.com/article/news/local/208/university-of-idaho-law-professor-masks-versus-personal-freedom/277-087e4e8d-c25c-4b8a-bacc-8353466f3350.
15. Gallagher, J. (2020). Coronavirus: à quand le retour à nos anciens mode de vie ? (Erişim:01.12.2020), https://www.bbc.com/afrique/monde-54761492
16. Guterres, A. (2020). Lutter contre la pandémie d’inégalités : un nouveau contrat social pour une nouvelle ère. Nations Unies. (Erişim:09.11.2020), https://www.un.org/fr/coronavirus/tackling-inequality-new-social-contract-new-era.
17. Jenkins, J. (2020). How Christian nationalism may determine whether you wear a mask. (Erişim:29.01.2021), https://religionnews.com/2020/10/09/how-christian-nationalism-and-religious-devotion-predicts-your-response-to-covid-19/.
18. Laffon, P. (2020). La presse espagnole se penche sur l'anti-masque français. (Erişim:01.12.2020), https://lepetitjournal.com/barcelone/actualites/la-presse-espagnole-se-penche-sur-lanti-masque-francais-288115.
19. Laurent, E. (2020). Le Mamasque et la brume. (Erişim:25.11.2020), https://www.alternatives-economique.fr/eloi-laurent/masque-brume/00092641.
20. Lohest, G. (2020:). Au nom de quelle liberte pouvons-nous accepter les contraintes ? (Erişim:05.12.2020), http://www.equipespopulaires.be/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/c3-20-au-nom-de-quelle-liberte-pouvons-nous-accepter-les-contraintes.pdf.
21. LOI n° 2010-1192 du 11 octobre 2010 interdisant la dissimulation du visage dans l'espace public (2010). (Erişim :28.01.2021), http://www.textes.justice.gouv.fr/lois-et-ordonnances-10180/interdiction-de-la-dissimulation-du-visage-dans-lespace-public-21885.html.
22. Lugon, L. (2020). Le port du masque, sujet de toutes les crispations à Genève. (Erişim:01.12.2020), https://www.letemps.ch/suisse/port-masque-toutes-crispations-geneve.
23. Mattiusi, J (2020). La liberté vestimentaire démasquée ? À propos de l’ordonnance du Conseil d’État en date du 17 avril 2020. La Revue des droits de l'homme. (Erişim:30.11.2020), https://journals.openedition.org/revdh/9116.
24. Non, la démocratie ne sera pas en quarantaine (2020). (Erişim:30.11.2020),https://cric-grenoble.info/IMG/pdf/communique__signataires-v3.pdf.
25. Office of The Human Rights Commissioner. (2020). A human rights approach to mask-wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic. (Erişim:29.01.2021), https://bchumanrights.ca/wp-content/uploads/BCOHRC_Nov2020_Mask-Policy-Guidance_FINAL.pdf.
26. Onusida (2020a). Droits en cas de pandmie: Confinements, droits et leçons du VIH dans la réponse précoce à la COVID-19. (Erişim:30.11.2020), https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/rights-in-a-pandemic_fr.pdf
27. Onusida (2020b). Les droits humains aux temps du COVID-19: Les leçons du VIH pour une réponse efficace, et dirigée par la communauté. (Erişim:27.11.2020), https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/human-rights-and-covid-19_fr.pdf.
28. Organisation Mondiale de la Sante (2020a). Conseils sur le port du masque dans le cadre de la COVID-19. 6 Avril 2020. (Erişim:12.11.2020), https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/332448/WHO-2019-nCov-IPC_Masks-2020.4-fre.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
29. Organisation Mondiale de la Sante (2020b). Conseils sur le port du masque dans le cadre de la COVID-19. 5 Juin 2020. (Erişim:10.11.2020), https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331831/WHO-2019-nCoV-IPC_Masks-2020.3-fre.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
30. Smith, L. (2020). Why Masks Are a Religious İssue. (Erişim:29.01.2021), https://theconversation.com/why-masks-are-a-religious-issue-144391.
31. The Lancet (2020). Editorial: Covid-19, Remaking the Social Contract. (Erişim:22.11.2020), https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30983-1/fulltext.
32. Vincent, C. (2020). Les libertés publiques à l’épreuve du coronavirus. (Erişim:19.11.2020), https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2020/03/20/les-libertes-publiques-a-l-epreuve-du-covid-19_6033764_3232.html.
33. Who, Director-General’s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on Covid-19-9 March 2020. (Erişim:28.01.2021), https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---20-march-2020.
34. Who, Virtual Press Conference on Covid-19-11 March 2020. (Erişim:28.01.2021), https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/who-audio-emergencies-coronavirus-press-conference-full-and-final-11mar2020.pdf?sfvrsn=cb432bb3_2