Öz
Can Arab Spring lead to a democratic transformation in the Middle East? What kind of a process will be necessitated by transition from oppressive and totalitarian regimes of the Middle East to the democratic ones? Is transition from oppressive and totalitarian regimes to the democratic ones a situation that will be possible through an uprising or a revolution? While democracy requires having a democratic culture rather than just accepting a regime, to what extent is the Middle East inclined to this culture? What are the priorities of the local community? It is known that in some countries ethnic and national demands take precedence of democracy and democratic demands. For instance, the most important priority of Kurds in Syria is their recognition as a national entity and their participation to Syrian government whereas Sunni Muslims in Syria essentially want to put an end to the
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Ajami, F. (2009) “The Ways of Syria Stasis in Damascus” Foreign Affairs, May/June,
- Bozkurt, A. (2012) “The pro- war lobby Rallies in Turkey,” Today’s Zaman, October 13
- Byman, D. (2011). “Israel’s Pessimistic View of the Arab Spring,” The Washington Qu- arterly, 21 Jun
- Çandar, C. (2012). “Arap”aMuhabbet, yaKürt” e, Hürriyet, 28 Temmuz
- Dağı, İ. (2012). “Ready for a war, but who will be the warriors?” Today’s Zaman, October 8
- Daniel, B. (2012) “Preparing for Failure in Syria,” Foreign Affairs, March 20
- Düzel, N. (2012) “EsadAskeriAçıdanGüçleniyor,” PazartesiKonuşmaları, KaanDilekrö- portajı, Taraf, 8 Ekim
- Engdalh, W. (2012). “Syria, Turkey, Israel and Greater Middle East Energy War,” Voltaire Network, 12 October
- Fisk, R. (2007). The Gerat War of Civilization, The Conquest of Middle East, Vintage Books, New York.
- Galbraith, P. (2006) The End of Iraq, How American Incompetence Created a War Wit- hout End, Simon& Schuster Paperback, New York.
- Galtung, J. (2012). “Solution oriented conflict transformation- Syria,” The Daily Star, Strategic Issues: 23/06/
- Gause III, F. G.(2011), “Why Middle East Studies Missed the Arab Spring, the Mighty of Authoritarian Stability, Foreign Affairs.
- Geoff D. Quentin P. & Abigail F. S. (2012) “US ‘disgusted’ with Syria peace plan veto,” Financial Times, February 5.
- Goldsmith, L. (2012)“Alawites for Assad Why the Syrian Sect Backs the Regime,” Fo- reign Affairs, April 16.
- Haling,P.&Birke, S.(2012) “Beyond the Fall of the Syrian Regime, http://www.merip. org/mero/mero022412?ip_login_no_cache=e788a5777b05511144b68d6b734af5aa, February 24.
- Hopkins, N. S. & Ibrahim, S. E.(1997) Arab Society: Class, Gender, Power, and Develop- ment(Cairo: American University Press, 1997.
- Ismael, T. Y.(2001) Middle East Politics Today Government and Civil Society, Univer- sity Press of Florida “Jihadists on the way,” The Economist, Aug 4th 2012.
- Kennedy, M.(2012) .”Kurds Remain on the Sideline of Syria’s Uprising,” The New York Times, April 17.
- Kissinger, H. A.(2012) “Meshing realism and idealism in the Middle East,” The Washin- gton Post, August 03.
- Landis, J.(2012) “The Syrian Uprising Of 2011: Why the Assad Regime Is Likely To Survive To 2013”, Middle East Policy, Vol. XIX, No.1, Spring.
- Milne, Seumas, “Intervention is now driving Syria’s descent into darkness,” The Guar- dian, 7 August 2012.
- Murphy, R. W.(2011) “Why Washington Didn’t Intervene In Syria Last Time Comparing 1982 to 2012,” Foreign Affairs, March 20.
- Pappê, I.(2005) The Modern Middle East, Routledge, New York.
- Patrice, .R. H.(2012) “Robespierre’s Rules for Radicals How to Save Your Revolution without Losing Your Head,” Foreign Affairs, July/August .
- Patrick J. M. & Richter, P.(2012) Los Angeles Times, March 15.
- Seale, P. (2012) “Assad Family Values “How the Son Learned to Quash a Rebellion From His Father,” Foreign Affairs, March 20.
- Tol, G. (2012). “Syria’s Kurdish Challenge to Turkey” Foreign Policy, August 29.
- Tol, G.(2012)” Turkey Cozies Up to the KRG”, Middle East Institute, May 24.
- Weiss, M.(2012) “What it Will Take to Intervene in Syria” Foreign Affairs, January 6.
- World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples (October 2011) - Syria : Overview, The UN refuge Agency.
Öz
Arap Baharı Ortadoğu’da demokratik bir dönüşüme yol açabilir mi? Ortadoğu’daki baskıcı ve totaliter rejimlerden demokratik yönetimlere geçiş nasıl bir süreci zorunlu kılmaktadır? Baskıcı ve totaliter rejimlerden demokratik rejimlere geçiş, bir ayaklanma veya bir devrimle kısa bir süre içinde olabilecek bir durum mu? Demokrasi, bir rejimin kabullenmesinden ziyade demokratik bir kültüre sahip olmayı gerektirirken, Ortadoğu bu kültüre ne kadar yatkındır? Peki, bölge halklarının öncelikleri nelerdir? Kimi ülkelerde etnik ve dini taleplerin, demokrasi ve demokratik taleplerden önce geldiği bilinmektedir. Örneğin, Suriye’deki Kürtlerin en önemli önceliği ulusal varlıklarının tanınması ve yönetimde pay sahibi olmak iken, Sünnilerin temel amacı Şii diktatörlüğe son verip kendilerinin yönetimde olacağı bir çoğunluk rejiminin kurulmasıdır. Hıristiyanlar ise, Esad rejiminin yıkılmasının ardından iktidarı devralacak Sünni çoğunluğun kendilerine hayat hakkı tanımayacağından korkmaktadırlar. Bu makalede, Arap Baharı bağlamında Suriye gerçeği irdelenmeye çalışılacaktır.
Kaynakça
- Ajami, F. (2009) “The Ways of Syria Stasis in Damascus” Foreign Affairs, May/June,
- Bozkurt, A. (2012) “The pro- war lobby Rallies in Turkey,” Today’s Zaman, October 13
- Byman, D. (2011). “Israel’s Pessimistic View of the Arab Spring,” The Washington Qu- arterly, 21 Jun
- Çandar, C. (2012). “Arap”aMuhabbet, yaKürt” e, Hürriyet, 28 Temmuz
- Dağı, İ. (2012). “Ready for a war, but who will be the warriors?” Today’s Zaman, October 8
- Daniel, B. (2012) “Preparing for Failure in Syria,” Foreign Affairs, March 20
- Düzel, N. (2012) “EsadAskeriAçıdanGüçleniyor,” PazartesiKonuşmaları, KaanDilekrö- portajı, Taraf, 8 Ekim
- Engdalh, W. (2012). “Syria, Turkey, Israel and Greater Middle East Energy War,” Voltaire Network, 12 October
- Fisk, R. (2007). The Gerat War of Civilization, The Conquest of Middle East, Vintage Books, New York.
- Galbraith, P. (2006) The End of Iraq, How American Incompetence Created a War Wit- hout End, Simon& Schuster Paperback, New York.
- Galtung, J. (2012). “Solution oriented conflict transformation- Syria,” The Daily Star, Strategic Issues: 23/06/
- Gause III, F. G.(2011), “Why Middle East Studies Missed the Arab Spring, the Mighty of Authoritarian Stability, Foreign Affairs.
- Geoff D. Quentin P. & Abigail F. S. (2012) “US ‘disgusted’ with Syria peace plan veto,” Financial Times, February 5.
- Goldsmith, L. (2012)“Alawites for Assad Why the Syrian Sect Backs the Regime,” Fo- reign Affairs, April 16.
- Haling,P.&Birke, S.(2012) “Beyond the Fall of the Syrian Regime, http://www.merip. org/mero/mero022412?ip_login_no_cache=e788a5777b05511144b68d6b734af5aa, February 24.
- Hopkins, N. S. & Ibrahim, S. E.(1997) Arab Society: Class, Gender, Power, and Develop- ment(Cairo: American University Press, 1997.
- Ismael, T. Y.(2001) Middle East Politics Today Government and Civil Society, Univer- sity Press of Florida “Jihadists on the way,” The Economist, Aug 4th 2012.
- Kennedy, M.(2012) .”Kurds Remain on the Sideline of Syria’s Uprising,” The New York Times, April 17.
- Kissinger, H. A.(2012) “Meshing realism and idealism in the Middle East,” The Washin- gton Post, August 03.
- Landis, J.(2012) “The Syrian Uprising Of 2011: Why the Assad Regime Is Likely To Survive To 2013”, Middle East Policy, Vol. XIX, No.1, Spring.
- Milne, Seumas, “Intervention is now driving Syria’s descent into darkness,” The Guar- dian, 7 August 2012.
- Murphy, R. W.(2011) “Why Washington Didn’t Intervene In Syria Last Time Comparing 1982 to 2012,” Foreign Affairs, March 20.
- Pappê, I.(2005) The Modern Middle East, Routledge, New York.
- Patrice, .R. H.(2012) “Robespierre’s Rules for Radicals How to Save Your Revolution without Losing Your Head,” Foreign Affairs, July/August .
- Patrick J. M. & Richter, P.(2012) Los Angeles Times, March 15.
- Seale, P. (2012) “Assad Family Values “How the Son Learned to Quash a Rebellion From His Father,” Foreign Affairs, March 20.
- Tol, G. (2012). “Syria’s Kurdish Challenge to Turkey” Foreign Policy, August 29.
- Tol, G.(2012)” Turkey Cozies Up to the KRG”, Middle East Institute, May 24.
- Weiss, M.(2012) “What it Will Take to Intervene in Syria” Foreign Affairs, January 6.
- World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples (October 2011) - Syria : Overview, The UN refuge Agency.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 16 Mart 2015 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2014 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1 |
Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.