BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

-

Yıl 2014, , 358 - 367, 16.10.2014

Sibel Yorulmaz Salman Semiha Sarıtaş Nimet Kara Recep Ay

https://doi.org/10.15832/tbd.63488
Cited By: 1

Öz

Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a harmful pest for crops such as vegetables, fruits, and ornamental and industrial plants. The usage of plant extracts for pest control is seen as an alternative to synthetic pesticides. The effect of methanolic extracts obtained from sage (S. officinalis) and rosemary (R. officinalis) plants from the Lamiaceae family on T. urticae was researched in an effort to create an alternative to synthetic pesticides. The spray tower-leaf disk method was used to determine the acaricide effects of these plant extracts. The effect of sage and rosemary extracts on the pest’s eggs, in nymph and adult stage was examined in the research. Four different concentrations of the plant extracts, which were 1%, 3%, 6% , 12%, were examined. The trials were prepared such that each concentration had 4 repeats and each repeat included 15 individuals. Death-live counts were made on the 1st , 3 rd and 6th days. The highest death rates of T. urticae at nymph and adult stages were found at 12% concentrations of sage and rosemary extracts. At this concentration, the death rate for nymph and adults was found to be 79% and 62.2% for sage extract and 58% and 82.2% for rosemary extract. The ovicidal effect of sage and rosemary extracts on pests was determined at the same concentration. As a consequence, sage and rosemary extracts are thought to be used as an alternative method to pesticides for mite control.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tetranychus urticae; Plant extract; Sage; Rosemary; Acaricidal effect

Kaynakça

  • Abbasipour H, Mahmoudvand M, Rastegar F & Basij M (2010). Insecticidal activity of Peganum harmala seed extract against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, Bulletin of Insectology 63: 259–263
  • Abbasipour H, Mahmoudvand M, Rastegar F & Hosseinpour M H (2011). Bioactivities of the jimsonweed extract, Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae) on Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 35: 623–629
  • Antonious G F & Snyder J C (2006). Natural products: repellency and toxicity of wild tomato leaf extracts to the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, Journal of Environmental Science and Health 41(3): 43–55
  • Ben Jannet H, H-Skhiri F, Mighri Z, Simmonds M S J & Blaney W M (2001). Antifeedant activity of plant extracts and of new natural diglyceride compounds isolated from Ajuga pseudoiva leaves against Spodoptera littoralis larvae. Industrial Crops and Production 14: 213–222
  • Biljana B, Mimica-Dukic N, Samojlik I & Jovin E (2007). Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of rosemary and sage (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55: 7879- 7885
  • Calmasur Ö, Aslan İ & Sahin F (2006). Insecticidal and acaraicidal effect of three Lamiaceae plant essential oils against Tetranychus urticae Koch and Bemisia tabaci Genn. Industrial Crops and Products 23: 140– 146
  • Cavalcanti S C H, Niculau E S, Blank A F, Camara C A G, Araujo I N & Alves B P, (2010). Composition and acaricidal activity of Lippia sidoides essential oils against two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Bioresource Technology 101: 829–832
  • Cole M D (1992). The signifcance of the terpenoids in the Labiatae. In R. M Harley & T Reynolds (eds.), Advances in Labiatae science, United Kingdom, pp. 315-324
  • Dimetry N Z, Amer S A A & Reda A S (1993). Biological activity of 2 Neem seed kernel extracts against the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch.
  • Journal of Applied Entomology 116(3): 308–312 Elango G, Bagavan A, Kamaraj C, Abduz Zahir A & Abdul Rahuman A (2009). Oviposition-deterrent, ovicidal, and repellent activities of indigenous plant extracts against Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitology Research 105: 1567–1576
  • El-Moneim A, Afify M R, El-Beltagi H S, Fayed S A & Shalaby E A (2011). Acaricidal activity of different extracts from Syzygium cumini L. Skeels (Pomposia) against Tetranychus urticae Koch. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 67(3): 352–359
  • El-Sharabasy H M (2010). Acaricidal activities of Artemisia judaica L. extracts against Tetranychus urticae Koch and its predator Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias Henriot (Acari:Phytoseiidae). Journal of Biopesticides 3(2): 514 - 551
  • Erdogan P, Yildirim A & Sever B (2012). Investigations on the effects of five different plant extracts on the twospotted mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Arachnida: Tetranychidae). Hindawi Publishing Corporation Psyche doi:10.1155/2012/125284
  • Feng R & Isman M B (1995). Selection for resistance to azadirachtin in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. Experiantia 51: 831-833
  • Fernandes F F & Freitas E P S (2007). Acaricidal activity of an oleoresinous extract from Copaifera reticulata (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) against larvae of the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Veterinery Parasitolology 147: 150–154
  • Gökçe A, Stelenski L L & Whalon M E (2005). Behavioral and electrophysiological responses of leafroller moths to selected plant extracts. Environmental Entomology 34: 1426-1432
  • Helle W, Sabelis M W (1985). Spider mites. Their biology, natural enemies and control. B. World Crop Pests 1B. Elsevier, Amsterdam
  • Han M K, Kim S I & Ahn Y J (2006). Insecticidal and antifeedant activities of medicinal plant extracts against Attagenus unicolor japonicus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Journal of Stored Product Research 42: 15–22
  • Jeppson L R, Keifer H H & Baker E W (1975). Mites injurious to economic plants-I. University of California Pres, Berkeley
  • Kawka B & Tomczyk A (2002). Influence of extract from sage (Salvia officinalis L.) on some biological parameters of Tetranychus urticae Koch. feeding on
  • Algerian Ivy (Hedera helix variegata L.). Bulletin OILB/SROP 22(1): 96–100 Kim S I, Roh J Y, Kim D H, Lee H S & Ahn Y J (2003).
  • Insecticidal activities of aromatic plant extracts and essential oils against Sitophilus oryzae and Callosobruchus chinensis. Journal of Stored Product Research 39: 293–303 Kim Y J, Lee S H, Lee S W & Ahn Y J (2004). Fenpyroximate resistance in Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): cross-resistance and biochemical resistance mechanisms. Pest
  • Management Science 60(10): 1001-1006
  • Kumral N A, Çobanoglu S & Yalçın C (2010). Acaricidal, repellent and oviposition deterrent activities of Datura stramonium L. against adult Tetranychus urticae (Koch). Journal of Pest Science 83: 173–180
  • Kumral N A, Çobanoglu S & Yalçın C (2013). Sublethal and lethal effects of Datura stramonium L. leaf extracts on the European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) and its predator, Stethorus gilvifrons (Muls.) (Col.: Coccinellidae). International Journal of Acarology 39(6): 494-501
  • Liu Y P, Gao P, Pan W G, Xu F Y & Liu S G (2004). Effect of several plant extracts on Tetranychus urticae and Panoychus citri. Natural Science 41: 212-215
  • Mateeva A A, Christov C, Stratieva S & Palagatscheva N (2003). Alternative plant protection means against
  • Tetranychus urticae Koch. II. In: International symposium on plant health in urban horticulture 2225 May, Berlin, Germany.
  • Miresmailli S, Bradbury R & Isman M B (2006). Comparative toxicity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil and blends of its major constituents against
  • Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on two different host plants. Pest Management Science 62: 366–371 Mozaffaria F, Abbasipoura H, Garjanb A S, Sabooric A R & Mahmoudvand M (2012). Various effects of ethanolic extract of Mentha pulegium on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychidae). Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 45(11): 1347–1355
  • Ofuya T & Okuku I (1994). Insecticidal effect of some plant extracts on the cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora
  • Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae). Anzeiger fur Schadlingskunde 67: 127–129 367 eight Stachys species from Greece. Phytochemistry 64: 743–752 Stumpf N & Nauen R (2001). Cross-Resistance, inheritance and biochemistry of mitochondrial electron transport inhibitör-acaricide resistance in
  • Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomololgy 94(6): 1577-1583
  • Stumpf N & Nauen R (2002). Biochemical markers linked to abamaectin resistance in Tetranychus urticae
  • (Acari: Tetranychidae). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 72: 111-121 Tomczy A & Szymanska M (1995). Possibility of reduction of spider mite population by spraying with selected herb extracts. In: Proceedings of the 35th
  • Scientific Session IOR, pp. 125–128 Tsagkarakou A, Navajas M, Rousset F & Pasteur N (1999). Genetic differentiation in Tetranychus urticae
  • (Acari: Tetranychidae) from greenhouses in France. Experimental and Applied Acarology 23: 365-378 Van Leeuwen T V, Tirry L & Nauen R (2006). Complete maternal inheritance of bfenazate resistance in Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and its implications in mode of action considerations. Insect
  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 36: 869-877 Venkatachalam M R & Jebanesan A (2001). Repellent activity of Ferronia elephantum Corr. (Rutaceae) leaf extract against Aedes aegypti (L.). Bioresource Technology 76: 287–288
  • Villanueva R T & Walgenbach J F (2006). Acaricidal properties of spinosad against Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 99: 843–849
  • Yanar D, Kadıoglu I & Gokce A (2011). Ovicidal activity of different plant extracts on two- spotted spider mite
  • (Tetranychus urticae Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Scientific Research and Essays 6(14): 3041-3044
  • Wang Y N, Shi G L, Zhao L L, Liu S Q, Yu T Q, Clarke S R & Sun J H (2007). Acaricidal activity of juglans regia leaf extracts on Tetranychus viennensis and Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 100(4): 1298–1303
  • Wewetzer A (1998). Callus cultures of Azadirachta indica and their potential for the production of azadirachtin. Phytoparasitica 26(1): 47-52
  • Zar J H (1999). Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice Hall
  • Publishers, New Jersey, USA, Zhang Z Q (2003). Mites of greenhouses: Identification, biology, and control. CAB International Publishing, UK

Ada çayı (Salvia officinalis L.) ve Biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) (Lamiaceae) Özütlerinin Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)’ye Akarisidal ve Ovisidal Etkileri

Yıl 2014, , 358 - 367, 16.10.2014

Sibel Yorulmaz Salman Semiha Sarıtaş Nimet Kara Recep Ay

https://doi.org/10.15832/tbd.63488
Cited By: 1

Öz

İki noktalı kırmızı örümcek, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) ülkemizde sebzeler, meyve süs ve endüstri
bitkileri gibi ürünlerde önemli bir zararlıdır. Zararlı ile mücadelede bitkisel ekstraktların kullanımı sentetik pestisitlere
bir alternatif olarak görülmektedir. Lamiaceae familyasına ait ada çayı (S. officinalis) ve biberiye (R. officinalis)
bitkilerinden elde edilen metanollü ekstraktların T. urticae üzerine etkisi sentetik pestisitlere bir alternatif oluşturmak
amacıyla araştırılmıştır. Bitki ekstraktlarının akarisit etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla, yaprak disk-ilaçlama kulesi yöntemi
kullanılmıştır. Çalışmalarda ada çayı ve biberiye ekstraktlarının zararlının yumurta, nimf ve ergin dönemlerine öldürücü
etkisi belirlenmiştir. Bitki ekstraktlarının % 1, % 3, % 6, % 12 olmak üzere dört faklı konsantrasyonu kullanılmıştır.
Denemeler her konsantrasyon için 4 tekerrür ve her tekerrürde 15 birey olacak şekilde kurulmuştur. 1, 3 ve 6 günde
ölü-canlı sayımları yapılmıştır. T. urticae’nin nimf ve ergin dönemlerinde en yüksek ölüm oranları ada çayı ve biberiye
ekstratlarının % 12’lik konsantrasyonlarında belirlenmiştir. Bu konsantrasyonda ada çayı ekstraktı için nimf ve
erginlerde % 79 ve % 62, biberiye ekstraktında ise % 58 ve % 82 ölüm oranı belirlenmiştir. Aynı konsantrasyonda
ada çayı ve biberiye ekstraktlarının zararlı üzerinde ovisidal etkisinin de bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, iki
noktalı kırmızıörümcek mücadelesinde ada çayı ve biberiye ekstraktlarının pestisitlere alternatif bir yöntem olarak
kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tetranychus urticae Bitki özütü Adaçayı Biberiye Akarisit etki

Kaynakça

  • Abbasipour H, Mahmoudvand M, Rastegar F & Basij M (2010). Insecticidal activity of Peganum harmala seed extract against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, Bulletin of Insectology 63: 259–263
  • Abbasipour H, Mahmoudvand M, Rastegar F & Hosseinpour M H (2011). Bioactivities of the jimsonweed extract, Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae) on Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 35: 623–629
  • Antonious G F & Snyder J C (2006). Natural products: repellency and toxicity of wild tomato leaf extracts to the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, Journal of Environmental Science and Health 41(3): 43–55
  • Ben Jannet H, H-Skhiri F, Mighri Z, Simmonds M S J & Blaney W M (2001). Antifeedant activity of plant extracts and of new natural diglyceride compounds isolated from Ajuga pseudoiva leaves against Spodoptera littoralis larvae. Industrial Crops and Production 14: 213–222
  • Biljana B, Mimica-Dukic N, Samojlik I & Jovin E (2007). Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of rosemary and sage (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55: 7879- 7885
  • Calmasur Ö, Aslan İ & Sahin F (2006). Insecticidal and acaraicidal effect of three Lamiaceae plant essential oils against Tetranychus urticae Koch and Bemisia tabaci Genn. Industrial Crops and Products 23: 140– 146
  • Cavalcanti S C H, Niculau E S, Blank A F, Camara C A G, Araujo I N & Alves B P, (2010). Composition and acaricidal activity of Lippia sidoides essential oils against two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Bioresource Technology 101: 829–832
  • Cole M D (1992). The signifcance of the terpenoids in the Labiatae. In R. M Harley & T Reynolds (eds.), Advances in Labiatae science, United Kingdom, pp. 315-324
  • Dimetry N Z, Amer S A A & Reda A S (1993). Biological activity of 2 Neem seed kernel extracts against the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch.
  • Journal of Applied Entomology 116(3): 308–312 Elango G, Bagavan A, Kamaraj C, Abduz Zahir A & Abdul Rahuman A (2009). Oviposition-deterrent, ovicidal, and repellent activities of indigenous plant extracts against Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitology Research 105: 1567–1576
  • El-Moneim A, Afify M R, El-Beltagi H S, Fayed S A & Shalaby E A (2011). Acaricidal activity of different extracts from Syzygium cumini L. Skeels (Pomposia) against Tetranychus urticae Koch. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 67(3): 352–359
  • El-Sharabasy H M (2010). Acaricidal activities of Artemisia judaica L. extracts against Tetranychus urticae Koch and its predator Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias Henriot (Acari:Phytoseiidae). Journal of Biopesticides 3(2): 514 - 551
  • Erdogan P, Yildirim A & Sever B (2012). Investigations on the effects of five different plant extracts on the twospotted mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Arachnida: Tetranychidae). Hindawi Publishing Corporation Psyche doi:10.1155/2012/125284
  • Feng R & Isman M B (1995). Selection for resistance to azadirachtin in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. Experiantia 51: 831-833
  • Fernandes F F & Freitas E P S (2007). Acaricidal activity of an oleoresinous extract from Copaifera reticulata (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) against larvae of the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Veterinery Parasitolology 147: 150–154
  • Gökçe A, Stelenski L L & Whalon M E (2005). Behavioral and electrophysiological responses of leafroller moths to selected plant extracts. Environmental Entomology 34: 1426-1432
  • Helle W, Sabelis M W (1985). Spider mites. Their biology, natural enemies and control. B. World Crop Pests 1B. Elsevier, Amsterdam
  • Han M K, Kim S I & Ahn Y J (2006). Insecticidal and antifeedant activities of medicinal plant extracts against Attagenus unicolor japonicus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Journal of Stored Product Research 42: 15–22
  • Jeppson L R, Keifer H H & Baker E W (1975). Mites injurious to economic plants-I. University of California Pres, Berkeley
  • Kawka B & Tomczyk A (2002). Influence of extract from sage (Salvia officinalis L.) on some biological parameters of Tetranychus urticae Koch. feeding on
  • Algerian Ivy (Hedera helix variegata L.). Bulletin OILB/SROP 22(1): 96–100 Kim S I, Roh J Y, Kim D H, Lee H S & Ahn Y J (2003).
  • Insecticidal activities of aromatic plant extracts and essential oils against Sitophilus oryzae and Callosobruchus chinensis. Journal of Stored Product Research 39: 293–303 Kim Y J, Lee S H, Lee S W & Ahn Y J (2004). Fenpyroximate resistance in Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): cross-resistance and biochemical resistance mechanisms. Pest
  • Management Science 60(10): 1001-1006
  • Kumral N A, Çobanoglu S & Yalçın C (2010). Acaricidal, repellent and oviposition deterrent activities of Datura stramonium L. against adult Tetranychus urticae (Koch). Journal of Pest Science 83: 173–180
  • Kumral N A, Çobanoglu S & Yalçın C (2013). Sublethal and lethal effects of Datura stramonium L. leaf extracts on the European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) and its predator, Stethorus gilvifrons (Muls.) (Col.: Coccinellidae). International Journal of Acarology 39(6): 494-501
  • Liu Y P, Gao P, Pan W G, Xu F Y & Liu S G (2004). Effect of several plant extracts on Tetranychus urticae and Panoychus citri. Natural Science 41: 212-215
  • Mateeva A A, Christov C, Stratieva S & Palagatscheva N (2003). Alternative plant protection means against
  • Tetranychus urticae Koch. II. In: International symposium on plant health in urban horticulture 2225 May, Berlin, Germany.
  • Miresmailli S, Bradbury R & Isman M B (2006). Comparative toxicity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil and blends of its major constituents against
  • Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on two different host plants. Pest Management Science 62: 366–371 Mozaffaria F, Abbasipoura H, Garjanb A S, Sabooric A R & Mahmoudvand M (2012). Various effects of ethanolic extract of Mentha pulegium on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychidae). Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 45(11): 1347–1355
  • Ofuya T & Okuku I (1994). Insecticidal effect of some plant extracts on the cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora
  • Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae). Anzeiger fur Schadlingskunde 67: 127–129 367 eight Stachys species from Greece. Phytochemistry 64: 743–752 Stumpf N & Nauen R (2001). Cross-Resistance, inheritance and biochemistry of mitochondrial electron transport inhibitör-acaricide resistance in
  • Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomololgy 94(6): 1577-1583
  • Stumpf N & Nauen R (2002). Biochemical markers linked to abamaectin resistance in Tetranychus urticae
  • (Acari: Tetranychidae). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 72: 111-121 Tomczy A & Szymanska M (1995). Possibility of reduction of spider mite population by spraying with selected herb extracts. In: Proceedings of the 35th
  • Scientific Session IOR, pp. 125–128 Tsagkarakou A, Navajas M, Rousset F & Pasteur N (1999). Genetic differentiation in Tetranychus urticae
  • (Acari: Tetranychidae) from greenhouses in France. Experimental and Applied Acarology 23: 365-378 Van Leeuwen T V, Tirry L & Nauen R (2006). Complete maternal inheritance of bfenazate resistance in Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and its implications in mode of action considerations. Insect
  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 36: 869-877 Venkatachalam M R & Jebanesan A (2001). Repellent activity of Ferronia elephantum Corr. (Rutaceae) leaf extract against Aedes aegypti (L.). Bioresource Technology 76: 287–288
  • Villanueva R T & Walgenbach J F (2006). Acaricidal properties of spinosad against Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 99: 843–849
  • Yanar D, Kadıoglu I & Gokce A (2011). Ovicidal activity of different plant extracts on two- spotted spider mite
  • (Tetranychus urticae Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Scientific Research and Essays 6(14): 3041-3044
  • Wang Y N, Shi G L, Zhao L L, Liu S Q, Yu T Q, Clarke S R & Sun J H (2007). Acaricidal activity of juglans regia leaf extracts on Tetranychus viennensis and Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 100(4): 1298–1303
  • Wewetzer A (1998). Callus cultures of Azadirachta indica and their potential for the production of azadirachtin. Phytoparasitica 26(1): 47-52
  • Zar J H (1999). Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice Hall
  • Publishers, New Jersey, USA, Zhang Z Q (2003). Mites of greenhouses: Identification, biology, and control. CAB International Publishing, UK
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sibel Yorulmaz Salman

Semiha Sarıtaş Bu kişi benim

Nimet Kara Bu kişi benim

Recep Ay Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 16 Ekim 2014
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Kasım 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014

Kaynak Göster

APA Yorulmaz Salman, S., Sarıtaş, S., Kara, N., Ay, R. (2014). Ada çayı (Salvia officinalis L.) ve Biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) (Lamiaceae) Özütlerinin Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)’ye Akarisidal ve Ovisidal Etkileri. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20(4), 358-367. https://doi.org/10.15832/tbd.63488

Cited By

From plant scent defense to biopesticide discovery: Evaluation of toxicity and acetylcholinesterase docking properties for Lamiaceae monoterpenes
Crop Protection
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2022.106126

Journal of Agricultural Sciences is published open access journal. All articles are published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).