Perceptions on Syrian Refugees in Turkey, Short analysis of a survey identifying differences and similarities between two groups of Turkish voters

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 67 - 91, 21.06.2020

Patrik Bandúr

Öz

Halen sürmekte olan Suriye çatışması, en az 5,5 milyon Suriyeli mültecinin yerlerinden edilmiş ve ülkeleri dışında yaşamak zorunda kalmış olması nedeniyle 21. yüzyılın en kötü insani felaketlerinden biridir. Birleşmiş Milletler Mülteciler Yüksek Komisyonu’na göre mülteci dalgasının vurduğu en kötü ülke, şu anda geçici korumaya sahip 3,5 milyondan fazla mülteciye ev sahipliği yapan Türkiye’dir. Türkiye başlangıçta Açık Kapı Politikasını uygulamış ve mültecileri misafir olarak karşılamıştır. Ancak Ankara’yı baskı altına alan ve karşılama tutumlarından daha hoş olmayan tutumlara geçişin kanıtları artmaktadır. Bu makale, Türk halkının Türkiye’de ikamet eden Suriyeli mültecilere yönelik algısını, hükümet yanlısı veya muhalefetten 161 katılımcıdan oluşan bir anket üzerinden tespit etmektedir. Anket iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölüm toplam katılımcı sayısını içerirken, ikinci bölüm katılımcıları iki seçmen grubuna (her gruptan 52 katılımcı) ayırmaktadır. Analizin sonucu, hükümet ittifakı seçmenleri (Cumhur İttifakı) ile muhalefet ittifakı seçmenleri (Millet İttifakı) arasında önemli farklılıklar gözlemlenmiştir. Muhalefet ittifakının seçmenleri, muhafazakâr hükümet ittifakının seçmenlerinden daha olumsuz tutumlara, önyargılara ve ayrımcı görüşlere yönelmiştir. Hükümet ittifakı seçmenleri, mültecilerin varlığı ya da kabulü konusunda çok daha yardımsever bir tavır sergilerken, çok az bir kesimi Türkiye’nin varlığı ve güvenlik durumu konusunda kaygı duydular. Muhalefet ittifakı seçmenleri de Türkiye’nin laik bir karakterine olası muhafazakâr bir tehdit olarak Suriyeli mültecilerin varlığı konusunda daha güçlü güvenlik endişeleri dile getirdiler. Suriye’nin Halep ve İdlib illerindeki endişe verici durum nedeniyle kapalı sınırlarla birlikte bu olumsuz tutumlar, şu anda İdlib’de hapsolmuş yüzbinlerce mültecinin Türkiye’ye girişinin reddedilmesi olası bir insani felaketin uyarı işareti olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türkiye, Suriyeli mülteciler, göç, Türkiye’nin göçmen algısı, Sığınmacılar

Perceptions on Syrian Refugees in Turkey, Short analysis of a survey identifying differences and similarities between two groups of Turkish voters

Öz

The ongoing Syrian conflict is one of the worst humanitarian catastrophes of the 21st century with at least 5,5 million refugees displaced outside of Syria. According to UNHCR, the worst country hit by the refugee wave is Turkey, currently hosting more than 3,5 million refugees with temporary protection. Turkey initially applied Open Door Policy and welcomed refugees as guests, however, evidences of the shift from welcoming attitudes towards more unwelcoming attitudes are increasing, placing Ankara under a pressure. This article is identifying Turkish people’s perceptions on Syrian refugees residing in Turkey on a survey conducted on a sample of 161 respondents either pro-government or pro-opposition, the survey consists of two parts, the first one is including the total number of participants while the second part is dividing participants into two groups of voters (52 participants per one group). The outcome of the analysis is that significant differences can be observed between the voters of government alliance (Cumhur İttifakı) and voters of opposition alliance (Millet İttifakı). Voters of opposition alliance tended much more to negative attitudes, prejudices and discriminative opinions than voters of conservative government alliance. Government alliance voters turned out to be much more benevolent to the presence of refugees or their accepting and significantly less concerned about the security situation or character of Turkey, while opposition alliance voters expressed stronger security concerns over the presence of Syrian refugees and they refer to them as a possible conservative threat to a secular character of Turkey. Negative attitudes together with closed borders during the alarming situation in Syrian provinces of Aleppo and Idlib might be a warning sign of a possible humanitarian catastrophe when hundreds of thousands of refugees currently trapped in Idlib will be denied from entering Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Turkey, Syrian Refugees, Migration, Turkish Perception on Immigrant, Asylum Seekers

Kaynakça

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