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New Conflicts, New Orientalists: How Military Theorists Reproduced Orientalism in Twenty-First Century

Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2 30 Haziran 2024
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New Conflicts, New Orientalists: How Military Theorists Reproduced Orientalism in Twenty-First Century

Öz

Efforts to understand the twenty-first century conflicts have led to the appearance of many unconventional studies. While many analyze the new conflicts as the method of the “weak”, others analyzed twenty-first century conflicts as the method of specific “cultures.” In this study, it is argued that many military theorists, who use the cultural analysis of new conflicts, also reproduce new forms of orientalism. Based on this argument, the study questions whether the orientalist discourse used in these works maintains continuity with the classical orientalist discourse or creates a new one specific to the twenty-first century. To answer that, first, drawing on Edward Said's and Patrick Porter’s works, classical orientalism is outlined. Then, to make the comparison, neo-orientalist theses regarding the continuity of colonialist and Euro-Centric perspectives are examined. Finally, selected texts and expressions from Counterinsurgency and Fourth Generation Warfare literatures are analyzed. As a result, it is concluded that these studies reproduce Orientalism and there is a continuity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Orientalism, Military Orientalism, Neo-Orientalism, 21st Century Wars, New Conflicts

Kaynakça

  1. Akad, Tanju (2015), Tarihten Bugüne Gayrı Nizami Savaş (Istanbul: Kastaş Yayınevi).
  2. Barkawi, Tarak and Keith Stanski (2012), Orientalism and War (London: Hurst & Co).
  3. Bousquet, George Henry and Joseph Schacht (1957), Selected Works of C. Snouck Hurgronje (Leiden: E.J.Brill).
  4. Camous, Thierry (2011), Doğular Batılar: Yirmi Beş Asırlık Savaş (Istanbul: Bilge Kültür Sanat) (translated to Turkish by Hande Güreli).
  5. Cassidy, Robert (2006), Counterinsurgency and the Global War on Terror: Military Culture and Irregular War (Standford: Standford University Press).
  6. Echevarria II, Antulio Joseph (2005), Fourth Generation War and Other Myths (Michigan: University of Michigan Library).
  7. Filkins, Dexter (2003), “A Region Inflamed: Strategy Tough New Tactics by US Tighten Grip on Iraqi Towns”, https://nytimes.com/2003/12/07/world/a-region-inflamed-strategy-tough-new-tactics-by-us-tighten-grip-on-iraq-towns.html (15.06.2023).
  8. Friedman, George (2005), America’s Secret War: Inside the Hidden Worldwide Struggle Between the United States and Its Enemies (New York: Broadway Books).
  9. Friedman, Lawrence (2017), Strateji (Istanbul: Alfa Yayınları) (translated to Turkish by Belkıs Çorapçı Dişbudak and Taciser Belge).
  10. Gann, Lewis Henry (1971), Guerillas in History (Standford: Hoover Institute Press).

Kaynak Göster

APA
Pekşen, H. D. (2024). New Conflicts, New Orientalists: How Military Theorists Reproduced Orientalism in Twenty-First Century. Alternatif Politika, 16(2), 205-227. https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2024.08
AMA
1.Pekşen HD. New Conflicts, New Orientalists: How Military Theorists Reproduced Orientalism in Twenty-First Century. Altern. Polit. 2024;16(2):205-227. doi:10.53376/ap.2024.08
Chicago
Pekşen, Hasan Deniz. 2024. “New Conflicts, New Orientalists: How Military Theorists Reproduced Orientalism in Twenty-First Century”. Alternatif Politika 16 (2): 205-27. https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2024.08.
EndNote
Pekşen HD (01 Haziran 2024) New Conflicts, New Orientalists: How Military Theorists Reproduced Orientalism in Twenty-First Century. Alternatif Politika 16 2 205–227.
IEEE
[1]H. D. Pekşen, “New Conflicts, New Orientalists: How Military Theorists Reproduced Orientalism in Twenty-First Century”, Altern. Polit., c. 16, sy 2, ss. 205–227, Haz. 2024, doi: 10.53376/ap.2024.08.
ISNAD
Pekşen, Hasan Deniz. “New Conflicts, New Orientalists: How Military Theorists Reproduced Orientalism in Twenty-First Century”. Alternatif Politika 16/2 (01 Haziran 2024): 205-227. https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2024.08.
JAMA
1.Pekşen HD. New Conflicts, New Orientalists: How Military Theorists Reproduced Orientalism in Twenty-First Century. Altern. Polit. 2024;16:205–227.
MLA
Pekşen, Hasan Deniz. “New Conflicts, New Orientalists: How Military Theorists Reproduced Orientalism in Twenty-First Century”. Alternatif Politika, c. 16, sy 2, Haziran 2024, ss. 205-27, doi:10.53376/ap.2024.08.
Vancouver
1.Hasan Deniz Pekşen. New Conflicts, New Orientalists: How Military Theorists Reproduced Orientalism in Twenty-First Century. Altern. Polit. 01 Haziran 2024;16(2):205-27. doi:10.53376/ap.2024.08