Britanya İstisnacılığının Adasallığı: Eleştirel Jeopolitik Perspektifinden Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 110 - 140, 15.02.2023

Pınar Uz-hançarlı İsmet Parlak

https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.05

Öz

31 Ocak 2020’de Avrupa Birliği’nden resmi olarak ayrılma sürecini tamamlayan Britanya’nın tarihsel olarak Topluluk ile kurduğu ilişki “tuhaf/isteksiz ortak”, “yarı-ayrık ilişki” gibi tanımlamalar çerçevesinde sürdürülmüştür. Bu ilişkide istisnacılık söylem ve siyasetini benimseyen bir ülke olarak Britanya, ada ülkesi olma halini ve adasallığını hem ulusal kimliğin oluşumuna dahil etmiş hem de Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu/Avrupa Birliği politikalarının dışında kalma ya da bunu talep etme meşruiyetini sağlamak için kullanmıştır. Meşruiyetini coğrafyanın doğal ve verili olması kabulünden alan Britanya adasallığının istisnacılık söylem ve siyasetine nasıl bir katkı yaptığı bu çalışmanın temel araştırma sorusudur. Sosyal bilimlerin coğrafi incelemelerindeki tarihsel boşluğu doldurmaya çalışan eleştirel jeopolitik perspektifin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, araştırma sorusunun cevaplanması için Britanya Parlamentosu’ndaki milletvekillerinin Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu/Avrupa Birliği üyelik dönemi boyunca yaptıkları konuşmalar “ada ülkesi olma hali” temelinde incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda incelenen söylem örneklerinin Britanya kimliğini Avrupa’nın karşıtı olarak yeniden üretme amacının yanı sıra, Ortak Balıkçılık Politikası ile sınır ve göç politikaları gibi alanlarda istisnacı bir yaklaşımla muafiyet meşruiyeti oluşturmaya katkı sağladığı söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Britanya, İstisnacılık, Jeopolitik, Adasallık, Avrupa Birliği

Insularity of British Exceptionalism: An Analysis from the Perspective of Critical Geopolitics

Öz

Historically, Britain has been following a relation with the EEC/EU which could be labelled as “awkward/reluctant partner” or “semi-detached relationship” and completed its official leaving procedure from membership on January 31, 2020. In this affair, Britain, as a country embracing exceptionalist discourse and politics, has both enclosed its insularity to the national identity formation and used it to be excluded from EEC/EU policies or demand an opt-out legitimately. This study tries to give an answer for the question of how insularity taking its legitimacy from natural and given geography affects British exceptionalism by adopting Critical geopolitics perspective which attempts to fill the historical gap in the geographical inquiries within the social sciences. For this aim, the speeches of MPs in British Parliament in the time period of British membership in the EEC/EU were analysed on the basis of being an “island nation”. This study concludes that the analysed discourse both paves the ground for the reproduction of British identity as opposed to European one and also contributes the legitimation of exceptionalist policies of Britain in the realm of Common Fisheries Policy and border and migration regime of the EEC/EU.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Britain, Exceptionalism, Geopolitics, Insularity, European Union

Kaynakça

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