Araştırma Makalesi
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Not Necessarily Existential Threats: Identity-Constitutive Role of the Foreign Policy Discourse on Distant Humanitarian Crises

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 445 - 470, 19.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.17

Öz

The depiction of identity in foreign policy analysis is typically presented as inherent or predetermined. However, discursive approaches within the field, particularly poststructuralism, have emphasized foreign policy discourse's influence on identity formation. The main aim of this paper is to elucidate the performative relationship between identity and foreign policy through a poststructuralist lens, even in situations that are not existential or geographically proximate crises. This study employs a critical discourse analysis methodology to examine the performative dynamics between foreign policy discourse by the Justice and Development Party (AKP) policymakers and officials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) about distant natural disasters and the construction of the Turkish national identity. The study presents three primary findings: firstly, the AKP's foreign policy discourse recognizes the Indonesia and Pakistan disasters as significant events, in contrast to the case of Haiti; secondly, this discourse constructs a homogenous Turkish identity; and thirdly, this homogeneous Turkish identity qualifies by several signifiers and is distinguished from external others.

Kaynakça

  • Akkoyunlu, Karabekir (2021), "The Five Phases of Turkey's Foreign Policy under the AKP," Social Research: An International Quarterly, 88 (2): 243-270.
  • Altunışık, Meliha Benli (2019), “Turkey’s Humanitarian Diplomacy: The AKP model,” CMI Brief.
  • Arkan, Zeynep and Müge Kınacıoğlu (2016), "Enabling 'Ambitious Activism': Davutoğlu's Vision of a New Foreign Policy Identity for Turkey," Turkish Studies, 17 (3): 381-405.
  • Ashley, Richard (1984), "The Poverty of Neorealism", International Organization, 38 (2): 225-286.
  • Ashley, Richard (1988), "Untying the Sovereign State: A Double Reading of the Anarchy Problematique," Millennium - Journal of International Studies, 17 (2): 227-262.
  • Atasoy, Yıldız (2009), Islam's Marriage with Neo-Liberalism: State Transformation in Turkey (New York: Palgrave Macmillan).
  • Behr, Hartmut (2014), Politics of Difference: Epistemologies of Peace (London and New York: Routledge).
  • Bilgin, Pınar (2009), "Securing Turkey through Western-oriented Foreign Policy," New Perspectives on Turkey, 40: 103-123.
  • Bleiker, Roland (2005), Divided Korea: Toward a Culture of Reconciliation (Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press).
  • Bozdaglioglu, Yucel (2003), Turkish Foreign Policy and Turkish Identity: A Constructivist Approach (New York: Routledge).
  • Burke, Anthony (2008), Fear of Security: Australia's Invasion Anxiety (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
  • Campbell, David (1992), Writing Security (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press).
  • Coşkun, Efser Rana (2023), "Liminal Identity of Turkey in Humanitarian Government," Globalizations: 1-24.
  • Dalby, Simon (1990), Creating the Second Cold War: The Discourse of Politics (London: Pinter).
  • Davutoğlu, Ahmet (2013), "Turkey's Humanitarian Diplomacy: Objectives, Challenges and Prospects," Nationalities Papers, 41 (6): 865-870.
  • Der Derian, James (1989), "The Boundaries of Knowledge and Power in International Relations", Der Derian, James and Michael J. Shapiro (Ed.), International/Intertextual Relations: Postmodern Readings of World Politics (Toronto: Lexington Books): 3-10.
  • Derrida, Jacques (2003), "Autoimmunity: Real and Symbolic Suicides—A Dialogue with Jacques Derrida", Giovanna Borradori (Ed.), Philosophy in a Time of Terror: Dialogues with Jurgen Habermas and Jacques Derrida (Chicago: University of Chicago Press): 85-136.
  • Dillon, Michael (2013), Deconstructing International Politics (London and New York: Routledge).
  • Doty, Roxanne Lynn (1998), "Immigration and the Politics of Security," Security Studies, 8 (2 & 3): 71-93.
  • Fairclough, Norman (2003), Analysing Discourse: Textual Analysis for Social Research (London: Routledge).
  • Gilley, Bruce (2015), "Turkey, Middle Powers, and the New Humanitarianism", Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs, 20 (1): 37-58.
  • Hansen, Lene (2006), Security as Practice: Discourse Analysis and the Bosnian War (New York: Routledge).
  • Hansen, Lene (2016), "Discourse Analysis, Post-Structuralism, and Foreign Policy", Smith, Steve, Amelia Hadfield, Timothy Dunne (Eds.), Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases (Oxford: Oxford University Press): 95-112.
  • Hintz, Lisel (2018), Identity Politics Inside Out: National Identity Contestation and Foreign Policy in Turkey (New York: Oxford University Press).
  • Hoffman, Mark (1991), "Restructuring, Reconstruction, Reinscription, Rearticulation: Four Voices in Critical International Theory," Millennium, 20 (2): 169-185.
  • Jensen, Lotte (2021), "Floods as Shapers of Dutch Cultural Identity: Media, Theories and Practices", Water History, 13 (2): 217-233.
  • Keohane, Robert (1988), "International Institutions: Two Approaches", International Studies Quarterly, 32 (4): 379-396.
  • Keyman, Fuat and Sebnem Gumuscu (2014), Democracy, Identity and Foreign Policy in Turkey: Hegemony through Transformation (London: Palgrave Macmillan).
  • Keyman, Fuat and Onur Sazak (2014), "Turkey as a 'Humanitarian State'", POMEAS (Project on the Middle East and the Arab Spring).
  • Klein, Bradley (1990), "How the West was One: Representational Politics of NATO", International Studies Quarterly, 36 (4): 311-25.
  • Laclau, Ernesto (1996), Emancipation(s) (London: Verso).
  • Laclau, Ernesto (2002), "Democracy and the Question of Power", Constellations, 8 (1): 3-14.
  • Laclau, Ernesto (2014), The Rhetorical Foundations of Society (London: Verso).
  • Laclau, Ernesto and Chantal Mouffe (1985), Hegemony and Socialist Strategy. Towards a Radical Democratic Politics (London: Verso).
  • Milliken, Jennifer (1999), "The Study of Discourse in International Relations: A Critique of Research and Methods", European Journal of International Relations, 5 (2): 225-254.
  • Miyashita, Akitoshi (2007), "Where Do Norms Come from? Foundations of Japan's Postwar Pacifism", International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 7 (1): 99-120.
  • Nabers, Dirk (2009), "Filling the Void of Meaning: Identity Construction in U.S. Foreign Policy after September 11, 2001", Foreign Policy Analysis, 5 (2): 191-214.
  • Nabers, Dirk (2015), A Poststructuralist Discourse Theory of Global Politics (London: Palgrave Macmillan).
  • Rabasa, A. and Larrabee, F. Stephen (2008), The Rise of Political Islam in Turkey (Pittsburgh: Rand).
  • Shapiro, Michael J. (1989), "Textualizing Global Politics", Der Derian, James and Michael J. Shapiro (Eds.), International/Intertextual Relations: Postmodern Readings of World Politics (Toronto: Lexington Books): 11-22.
  • Solnit, Rebecca (2010), A Paradise Built in Hell: The Extraordinary Communities That Arise in Disaster (USA: Penguin).
  • Stengel, Frank A. and Dirk Nabers (2019), "Symposium: The Contribution of Laclau's Discourse Theory to International Relations and International Political Economy-Introduction", New Political Science, 41 (2): 248-262.
  • Taş, Hakkı (2022), "Continuity through Change: Populism and Foreign Policy in Turkey", Third World Quarterly, 43 (12): 2869-2887.
  • White, Jenny (2010), "Fear and Loathing in the Turkish National Imagination," New Perspectives on Turkey, 42 (1): 215-236
  • Yamada, Yoshiko and Daniel Clausen (2015), "Risk Management, Disaster Diplomacy and the Struggle for National Identity in Japan", Maslow, Sebastian, Ra Mason and Paul O'Shea (Eds.), Risk State: Japan's Foreign Policy in an Age of Uncertainty (New York: Routledge): 139-157.
  • Yavuz, M. Hakan (1998), "Turkish Identity and Foreign Policy in Flux: The Rise of Neo‐Ottomanism", Critique: Journal for Critical Studies of the Middle East, 7 (12): 19-41.
  • Yavuz, M. Hakan (2020), Nostalgia for the Empire: The Politics of Neo-Ottomanism (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
  • Zizek, Slavoj (2008), Organs Without Bodies: On Deleuze and Consequences (New York: Routledge).

Varoluşsal Tehditler Olmadan: Uzak İnsani Krizler Hakkındaki Dış Politika Söyleminin Kimlik Üretici Rolü

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 445 - 470, 19.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.17

Öz

Dış politika analizinde kimlik çoğu zaman verili kabul edilse de postyapısalcılık dâhil olmak üzere birçok söylemsel yaklaşım, dış politika söyleminin kimlik inşasındaki rolüne dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, varoluşsal tehditler yaratmayan uzak krizlerde bile kimlik ve dış politika arasındaki edimsel bağlantıyı tartışmaktır. Daha spesifik olarak bu çalışma, eleştirel söylem analizi metodolojisini kullanarak, Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) ve Dışişleri Bakanlığı yetkililerinin uzak insani krizler hakkındaki dış politika söylemleri ile Türk kimliğinin inşası arasındaki edimsel bağlantıyı anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın üç ana sonucu şu şekildedir: (i) Haiti’nin aksine, Endonezya ve Pakistan felaketleri AKP’nin dış politika söyleminde majör olaylar olarak üretilmiştir; (ii) Bu söylem, Türk kimliğini homojen bir topluluk olarak üretmiştir; (iii) Bu homojen Türk kimliği çeşitli “gösteren”lerle pozitif olarak ilişkilendirilirken, olumsuzlanan çeşitli dışsal ötekilerden ayrıştırılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Akkoyunlu, Karabekir (2021), "The Five Phases of Turkey's Foreign Policy under the AKP," Social Research: An International Quarterly, 88 (2): 243-270.
  • Altunışık, Meliha Benli (2019), “Turkey’s Humanitarian Diplomacy: The AKP model,” CMI Brief.
  • Arkan, Zeynep and Müge Kınacıoğlu (2016), "Enabling 'Ambitious Activism': Davutoğlu's Vision of a New Foreign Policy Identity for Turkey," Turkish Studies, 17 (3): 381-405.
  • Ashley, Richard (1984), "The Poverty of Neorealism", International Organization, 38 (2): 225-286.
  • Ashley, Richard (1988), "Untying the Sovereign State: A Double Reading of the Anarchy Problematique," Millennium - Journal of International Studies, 17 (2): 227-262.
  • Atasoy, Yıldız (2009), Islam's Marriage with Neo-Liberalism: State Transformation in Turkey (New York: Palgrave Macmillan).
  • Behr, Hartmut (2014), Politics of Difference: Epistemologies of Peace (London and New York: Routledge).
  • Bilgin, Pınar (2009), "Securing Turkey through Western-oriented Foreign Policy," New Perspectives on Turkey, 40: 103-123.
  • Bleiker, Roland (2005), Divided Korea: Toward a Culture of Reconciliation (Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press).
  • Bozdaglioglu, Yucel (2003), Turkish Foreign Policy and Turkish Identity: A Constructivist Approach (New York: Routledge).
  • Burke, Anthony (2008), Fear of Security: Australia's Invasion Anxiety (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
  • Campbell, David (1992), Writing Security (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press).
  • Coşkun, Efser Rana (2023), "Liminal Identity of Turkey in Humanitarian Government," Globalizations: 1-24.
  • Dalby, Simon (1990), Creating the Second Cold War: The Discourse of Politics (London: Pinter).
  • Davutoğlu, Ahmet (2013), "Turkey's Humanitarian Diplomacy: Objectives, Challenges and Prospects," Nationalities Papers, 41 (6): 865-870.
  • Der Derian, James (1989), "The Boundaries of Knowledge and Power in International Relations", Der Derian, James and Michael J. Shapiro (Ed.), International/Intertextual Relations: Postmodern Readings of World Politics (Toronto: Lexington Books): 3-10.
  • Derrida, Jacques (2003), "Autoimmunity: Real and Symbolic Suicides—A Dialogue with Jacques Derrida", Giovanna Borradori (Ed.), Philosophy in a Time of Terror: Dialogues with Jurgen Habermas and Jacques Derrida (Chicago: University of Chicago Press): 85-136.
  • Dillon, Michael (2013), Deconstructing International Politics (London and New York: Routledge).
  • Doty, Roxanne Lynn (1998), "Immigration and the Politics of Security," Security Studies, 8 (2 & 3): 71-93.
  • Fairclough, Norman (2003), Analysing Discourse: Textual Analysis for Social Research (London: Routledge).
  • Gilley, Bruce (2015), "Turkey, Middle Powers, and the New Humanitarianism", Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs, 20 (1): 37-58.
  • Hansen, Lene (2006), Security as Practice: Discourse Analysis and the Bosnian War (New York: Routledge).
  • Hansen, Lene (2016), "Discourse Analysis, Post-Structuralism, and Foreign Policy", Smith, Steve, Amelia Hadfield, Timothy Dunne (Eds.), Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases (Oxford: Oxford University Press): 95-112.
  • Hintz, Lisel (2018), Identity Politics Inside Out: National Identity Contestation and Foreign Policy in Turkey (New York: Oxford University Press).
  • Hoffman, Mark (1991), "Restructuring, Reconstruction, Reinscription, Rearticulation: Four Voices in Critical International Theory," Millennium, 20 (2): 169-185.
  • Jensen, Lotte (2021), "Floods as Shapers of Dutch Cultural Identity: Media, Theories and Practices", Water History, 13 (2): 217-233.
  • Keohane, Robert (1988), "International Institutions: Two Approaches", International Studies Quarterly, 32 (4): 379-396.
  • Keyman, Fuat and Sebnem Gumuscu (2014), Democracy, Identity and Foreign Policy in Turkey: Hegemony through Transformation (London: Palgrave Macmillan).
  • Keyman, Fuat and Onur Sazak (2014), "Turkey as a 'Humanitarian State'", POMEAS (Project on the Middle East and the Arab Spring).
  • Klein, Bradley (1990), "How the West was One: Representational Politics of NATO", International Studies Quarterly, 36 (4): 311-25.
  • Laclau, Ernesto (1996), Emancipation(s) (London: Verso).
  • Laclau, Ernesto (2002), "Democracy and the Question of Power", Constellations, 8 (1): 3-14.
  • Laclau, Ernesto (2014), The Rhetorical Foundations of Society (London: Verso).
  • Laclau, Ernesto and Chantal Mouffe (1985), Hegemony and Socialist Strategy. Towards a Radical Democratic Politics (London: Verso).
  • Milliken, Jennifer (1999), "The Study of Discourse in International Relations: A Critique of Research and Methods", European Journal of International Relations, 5 (2): 225-254.
  • Miyashita, Akitoshi (2007), "Where Do Norms Come from? Foundations of Japan's Postwar Pacifism", International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 7 (1): 99-120.
  • Nabers, Dirk (2009), "Filling the Void of Meaning: Identity Construction in U.S. Foreign Policy after September 11, 2001", Foreign Policy Analysis, 5 (2): 191-214.
  • Nabers, Dirk (2015), A Poststructuralist Discourse Theory of Global Politics (London: Palgrave Macmillan).
  • Rabasa, A. and Larrabee, F. Stephen (2008), The Rise of Political Islam in Turkey (Pittsburgh: Rand).
  • Shapiro, Michael J. (1989), "Textualizing Global Politics", Der Derian, James and Michael J. Shapiro (Eds.), International/Intertextual Relations: Postmodern Readings of World Politics (Toronto: Lexington Books): 11-22.
  • Solnit, Rebecca (2010), A Paradise Built in Hell: The Extraordinary Communities That Arise in Disaster (USA: Penguin).
  • Stengel, Frank A. and Dirk Nabers (2019), "Symposium: The Contribution of Laclau's Discourse Theory to International Relations and International Political Economy-Introduction", New Political Science, 41 (2): 248-262.
  • Taş, Hakkı (2022), "Continuity through Change: Populism and Foreign Policy in Turkey", Third World Quarterly, 43 (12): 2869-2887.
  • White, Jenny (2010), "Fear and Loathing in the Turkish National Imagination," New Perspectives on Turkey, 42 (1): 215-236
  • Yamada, Yoshiko and Daniel Clausen (2015), "Risk Management, Disaster Diplomacy and the Struggle for National Identity in Japan", Maslow, Sebastian, Ra Mason and Paul O'Shea (Eds.), Risk State: Japan's Foreign Policy in an Age of Uncertainty (New York: Routledge): 139-157.
  • Yavuz, M. Hakan (1998), "Turkish Identity and Foreign Policy in Flux: The Rise of Neo‐Ottomanism", Critique: Journal for Critical Studies of the Middle East, 7 (12): 19-41.
  • Yavuz, M. Hakan (2020), Nostalgia for the Empire: The Politics of Neo-Ottomanism (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
  • Zizek, Slavoj (2008), Organs Without Bodies: On Deleuze and Consequences (New York: Routledge).
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Uluslararası İlişkilerde Siyaset
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Erdem Ceydilek Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-1871-2383

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Ekim 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Ceydilek, E. (2023). Not Necessarily Existential Threats: Identity-Constitutive Role of the Foreign Policy Discourse on Distant Humanitarian Crises. Alternatif Politika, 15(3), 445-470. https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.17
AMA Ceydilek E. Not Necessarily Existential Threats: Identity-Constitutive Role of the Foreign Policy Discourse on Distant Humanitarian Crises. Altern. Polit. Ekim 2023;15(3):445-470. doi:10.53376/ap.2023.17
Chicago Ceydilek, Erdem. “Not Necessarily Existential Threats: Identity-Constitutive Role of the Foreign Policy Discourse on Distant Humanitarian Crises”. Alternatif Politika 15, sy. 3 (Ekim 2023): 445-70. https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.17.
EndNote Ceydilek E (01 Ekim 2023) Not Necessarily Existential Threats: Identity-Constitutive Role of the Foreign Policy Discourse on Distant Humanitarian Crises. Alternatif Politika 15 3 445–470.
IEEE E. Ceydilek, “Not Necessarily Existential Threats: Identity-Constitutive Role of the Foreign Policy Discourse on Distant Humanitarian Crises”, Altern. Polit., c. 15, sy. 3, ss. 445–470, 2023, doi: 10.53376/ap.2023.17.
ISNAD Ceydilek, Erdem. “Not Necessarily Existential Threats: Identity-Constitutive Role of the Foreign Policy Discourse on Distant Humanitarian Crises”. Alternatif Politika 15/3 (Ekim 2023), 445-470. https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.17.
JAMA Ceydilek E. Not Necessarily Existential Threats: Identity-Constitutive Role of the Foreign Policy Discourse on Distant Humanitarian Crises. Altern. Polit. 2023;15:445–470.
MLA Ceydilek, Erdem. “Not Necessarily Existential Threats: Identity-Constitutive Role of the Foreign Policy Discourse on Distant Humanitarian Crises”. Alternatif Politika, c. 15, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 445-70, doi:10.53376/ap.2023.17.
Vancouver Ceydilek E. Not Necessarily Existential Threats: Identity-Constitutive Role of the Foreign Policy Discourse on Distant Humanitarian Crises. Altern. Polit. 2023;15(3):445-70.