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The Women, Peace and Security Agenda: Negotiations Between Feminist Approaches and Global Politics

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 471 - 504, 19.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.18

Öz

Women’s experiences during conflict and peace have been discussed by women’s movements since the beginning of the twentieth century. Feminist approaches have focussed on challenging gendered power relations and militarist politics. When United Nations Security Council (UNSC) adopted Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security (WPS) in 2000, women’s experience in conflict and post-conflict received recognition at the international level. This article provides a historical background for the WPS Agenda and presents the feminist ideas behind it. It also explores to what extent these feminist objectives have been tailored and negotiated within the UN's security discourse. While this article emphasizes the significance and contributions of the WPS Agenda, it will also scrutinize the political dynamics within which the Agenda operates. Methodologically, the WPS Resolutions, and relevant academic works will be analysed. By analysing the most recent resolution on the WPS, this article will provide a complementary contribution to the literature.

Kaynakça

  • Atmaca, Ayşe Ömür ve Pınar Gözen Ercan (2018), “Uluslararası Güvenliği Yeniden Düşünmek: Uluslararası İlişkiler Disiplininde Feminist Eleştiriler”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, 13 (59): 19-31.
  • Aydın Koyuncu, Çiğdem (2022), “Feminizm Bağlamında Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi’nin Kadın, Barış ve Güvenlik Gündemi Kararlarının Analizi”, Journal of Empirical Economics and Social Sciences, 4 (2): 125-145.
  • Basu, Soumita (2016), “The Global South writes 1325 (too)”, International Political Science Review, 37 (3): 362–374.
  • Basu, Soumita ve Catia C. Confortini (2017), “Weakest “P” in the 1325 Pod? Realizing Conflict Prevention through Security Council Resolution 1325”, International Studies Perspectives, 18: 43–63.
  • BMGK (2000). Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) [on women and peace and security], 31 October 2000, S/RES/1325 (2000).
  • BMGK (2009). Security Council resolution 1820 (2008) [on acts of sexual violence against civilians in armed conflicts], 19 June 2008, S/RES/1820 (2008).
  • BMGK (2009). Security Council resolution 1888 (2009) [on acts of sexual violence against civilians in armed conflicts], 30 September 2009, S/RES/1888 (2009).
  • BMGK (2010). Security Council resolution 1889 (2009) [on women and peace and security], 5 October 2009, S/RES/1889 (2009).
  • BMGK (2011). Security Council resolution 1960 (2010) [on women and peace and security], 16 December 2010, S/RES/1960(2010).
  • BMGK (2013). Security Council resolution 2106 (2013) [on sexual violence in armed conflict], 24 June 2013, S/RES/2106 (2013).
  • BMGK (2013). Security Council resolution 2122 (2013) [on women and peace and security], 18 October 2013, S/RES/2122 (2013).
  • BMGK (2015). Security Council resolution 2242 (2015) [on women and peace and security], 13 October 2015, S/RES/2242 (2015).
  • BMGK (2019). Security Council resolution 2467 (2019) [on sexual violence in armed conflict], 24 April 2019, S/RES/2467 (2019).
  • Bourke, Joanna (2007), Rape: A History from 1860 to the Present (London: Virago).
  • Butler, Judith (2008), Cinsiyet Belası: Feminizm ve Kimliğin Altüst Edilmesi (İstanbul: Metis) (Çev. Başak Ertür).
  • Chinkin, Christine ve Hilary Charlesworth (2006), “Building Women into Peace: the international legal framework”, Third World Quarterly, 27 (5): 937-957.
  • Chinkin, Christine ve Madeleine Rees (2019), Commentary on Security Council Resolution 2467: Continued State Obligation and Civil Society Action on Sexual Violence in Conflict. LSE WPS Centre.
  • Charlesworth, Hilary (2005), “Not Waving but Drowning: Gender Mainstreaming and Human Rights in the United Nations”, Harvard Human Rights Journal, 18: 1-18.
  • Cockburn, Cynthia (2013), “War and Security, Women and Gender: An Overview of the Issues”, Gender & Development, 21 (3): 433-452.
  • Cohn, Carol (2004), “Feminist Peacemaking: In Resolution 1325, the United Nations Requires the Inclusion of Women in All Peace Planning and Negotiation”, The Women's Review of Books, 21 (5): 8-9.
  • Cohn, Carol (2017), Beyond the “Women, Peace and Security” Agenda: Why We Need a Feminist Roadmap for Sustainable Peace, Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights. Feminist Roadmap for Sustainable Peace Project Background Paper.
  • Confortini, Catia C. (2012), Intelligent Compassion: Feminist Critical Methodology in the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
  • Darden, Jessica Trisko, Alexis Henshaw ve Ora Szekely (2019), Insurgent Women: Female Combatants in Civil Wars (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press).
  • Davies, Sara E. ve Jacqui True (2019), “WPS A Transformative Agenda?”, Sara E. Davies ve Jacqui True (Der.), The Oxford Handbook of Women, Peace and Security (New York: Oxford University Press): 3-14.
  • Dayal, Anjali Kaushlesh ve Agathe Christien (2020), “Women’s participation in informal peace processes” Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 26 (1): 69-98.
  • Duriesmith, David (2017), Engaging Men and Boys in the Women, Peace and Security Agenda: Beyond the “good men” industry, LSE WPS Working Paper No 11.
  • Foucault, Michel (2007), Cinselliğin Tarihi (İstanbul: Ayrıntı) (Çev. Hülya Uğur Tanrıöver).
  • Galtung, Johan (1969), “Violence, Peace, and Peace Research”, Journal of Peace Research, 6 (3): 167–191.
  • George, Nicola ve Laura J. Shepherd (2016), “Women, Peace and Security: Exploring the Implementation and Integration of UNSCR 1325”, International Political Science Review, 37 (3): 297–306.
  • Gray, Samantha, Heather Stuart, Sabine Lee ve Susan A Bartels (2022), “Development of an Index to Measure the Exposure Level of UN Peacekeeper-Perpetrated Sexual Exploitation/Abuse in Women/Girls in the Democratic Republic of Congo”, Violence Against Women, 28 (12–13): 3215–3241.
  • Hamid, Zarin ve Sarah Werner (2019), “Security Council Open Debate: Sexual Violence in Conflict, 23 April 2019”, WILPF Women, Peace and Security Programme, https://www.peacewomen.org/security-council/security-council-open-debate-sexual-violence-conflict-april-2019 (28.01.2023).
  • Heathcote, Gina (2011), “Feminist Politics and the Use of Force: Theorising Feminist Action and Security Council Resolution 1325”, Socio-Legal Review, 7: 23-43.
  • Heathcote, Gina (2018), “Security Council Resolution 2242 on Women, Peace and Security: Progressive Gains or Dangerous Development?”, Global Society, 32 (4): 374-394.
  • Heathcote, Gina (2022), “Filters and Fragments: Making Feminist Sense of Security”, AJIL Unbound, 116: 254-258.
  • Hendricks, Cherly (2017), “Progress and Challenges in Implementing the Women, Peace and Security Agenda in the African Union's Peace and Security Architecture”, Africa Development, XLII (3): 73–98.
  • Henshaw, Alexis Leanna (2017), Making Violent Women Visible in the WPS Agenda, LSE WPS Working Paper, No. 7.
  • Holvikivi, Aiko ve Reeves, Audrey (2020), “Women, Peace and Security after Europe's ‘refugee crisis’”. European Journal of International Security, 5 (2): 135-154.
  • Hudson, Heidi (2017), “The Power of Mixed Messages: Women, Peace, and Security Language in National Action Plans from Africa”, Africa Spectrum, 52 (3): 3-29.
  • Jacobson, Ruth (2013), “Women After Wars”, Carol Cohn (Der.), Women and Wars (Cambridge: Polity Press): 215-242.
  • Jansson, Maria ve Maud Eduards (2016), “The Politics of Gender in the UN Security Council Resolutions on Women, Peace and Security”, International Feminist Journal of Politics, 18 (4): 590-604.
  • Kolhatkar, Sonali (2002), “The impact of US intervention on Afghan women's rights”, Berkeley Women's Law Journal, 17 (1): 12-30.
  • Kreft, Anne-Kathrin (2020), “Civil society perspectives on sexual violence in conflict: patriarchy and war strategy in Colombia”, International Affairs, 96 (2): 457-478.
  • Mannell, Jenevieve, Gulraj Grewal, Lida Ahmad ve Ayesha Ahmad (2021), “A Qualitative Study of Women’s Lived Experiences of Conflict and Domestic Violence in Afghanistan”, Violence Against Women, 27 (11): 1862-1878.
  • Myrttinen, Henri (2019), “Locating Masculinities in WPS”, Sara E Davies and Jacqui True (Der.), The Oxford Handbook of Women, Peace and Security (New York: Oxford University Press): 88-97.
  • Ni Aolain, Fiona D. ve Walji, Nahla (2019), “Scholarly Debates and Contested Meanings of WPS”, Sara E Davies and Jacqui True (Der.), The Oxford Handbook of Women, Peace and Security, (New York: Oxford University Press): 53-66.
  • O'Rourke, Catherine (2014), “Walk[ing] the Halls of Power Understanding Women's Participation in International Peace and Security”, Melbourne Journal of International Law, 15 (1): 128-154.
  • Otto, Diana (2006), “Sign of Weakness Disrupting Gender Certainties in the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325”, Michigan Journal of Gender & Law, 13 (1): 113-176.
  • Otto, Diana (2009), “The Exile of Inclusion: Reflections on Gender Issues in International Law over the Last Decade”, Melbourne Journal of International Law, 10 (1): 11-26.
  • Otto, Diana (2018), “Women, Peace and Security: A Critical Analysis of the Security Council’s Vision”, Fiona Ni Aolain, Naomi Cahn, Dina Francesca Haynes ve Nahla Valji (Der.), The Oxford Handbook of Gender and Conflict (New York: Oxford University Press): 105–118.
  • Özkan, Seher Selin (2019), Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyinin 1325 Sayılı Kararı ve Karar Kapsamında Ulusal eylem planı hazırlanması (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi) (Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
  • Peace Women (2023), “Resolutions”, http://www.peacewomen.org/why-WPS/solutions/resolutions (05.02.2023).
  • Powell, Catherine (2017), “How Women Could Save the World, If Only We Would Let Them: From Gender Essentialism to Inclusive Security”, Yale Journal of Law and Feminism, 28 (2): 271-326.
  • Pratt, Nicola (2013), “Reconceptualizing Gender, Reinscribing Racial–Sexual Boundaries in International Security: The Case of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security”, International Studies Quarterly, 57: 772–783.
  • Pratt, Nicola ve Sophie Richter-Devroe (2011), “Critically Examining UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace and Security”, International Feminist Journal of Politics, 13 (4): 489-503.
  • Sahin, Bilge (2020), Sexual Violence Crimes and Gendered Power Relations: Bringing Justice to Women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (New York: Routledge).
  • Sahin, Bilge (2021), “Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Savaş ve Hukuk: Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti’nde Cinsel Şiddet Suçları”, Fe Dergi, 13 (1): 57-70.
  • Shepherd, Laura J. (2008), “Power and Authority in the Production of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325”, International Studies Quarterly, 52 (2): 383-404.
  • Shepherd, Laura J. (2016), “Making War Safe For Women? National Action Plans and the Militarisation of the Women, Peace and Security Agenda”, International Political Science Review, 37 (3): 324–335.
  • Shepherd, Laura J. (2021), “Listen to Women When Creating Peace Initiatives” Megan McKenzie ve Nicole Wegner (Der.), Feminist Solutions for Ending War (London: Pluto Press): 216-230.
  • SIPRI (2022), “Women in Multilateral Peace Operations in 2022: What is the State of Play?, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute”, https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2022-10/women_in_multilateral_peace_operations_in_2022-what_is_the_state_of_play.pdf (4.07.2023).
  • Thomson, Jennifer (2019), “The Women, Peace, and Security Agenda and Feminist Institutionalism: A Research Agenda”, International Studies Review, 21: 598–613.
  • Thomson, Jennifer ve Sophie Whiting (2022), “Women, Peace and Security National Action Plans in anti-gender governments: The cases of Brazil and Poland”, European Journal of International Security, 7: 531–550.
  • Tickner, J. Ann (2019), “Peace and Security from a Feminist Perspective” Sara E. Davies ve Jacqui True (Der.), The Oxford Handbook of Women, Peace and Security (New York: Oxford University Press): 15-25.
  • Tickner, J. Ann ve Jacqui True (2018), “A Century of International Relations Feminism: From World War I Women’s Peace Pragmatism to the Women, Peace and Security Agenda”, International Studies Quarterly, 62 (2): 221–233.
  • Tryggestad, Toruun L. (2009), “Trick or Treat? The UN and Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security”, Global Governance, 15 (4): 539-557.
  • Yadav, Punam ve Denise M. Horn (2021), “Continuums of Violence: Feminist Peace Research and Gender-Based Violence”, Tarja Väyrynen, Swati Parashar, Élise Féron ve Catia C. Confortini (Der.), Routledge Handbook of Feminist Peace Research (Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge): 105-114.
  • Vahedi, Luissa, Susan A. Bartels ve Sabine Lee (2021), “Even Peacekeepers Expect Something in Return: A Qualitative Analysis of Sexual Interactions Between UN Peacekeepers and Female Haitians”, Global Public Health, 16 (5): 692-705.
  • Weiss, Cornelia (2022), “Creating UNSCR 1325: Women who served as initiators, drafters, and strategists”, Rebecca Adami ve Dan Pleach (Der.), Women and the UN: A New History of Women’s International Human Rights (New York: Routledge): 139-160.
  • Wibben, Annick T.R. (2020), “Everyday Security, Feminism, and the Continuum of Violence”, Journal of Global Security Studies, 5 (1): 115–121.
  • WILPF (2019), “What We Think about the New Women, Peace and Security Resolution”, https://www.wilpf.org/what-we-think-about-the-new-women-peace-and-security-resolution/ (25.01.2023).
  • Wright, Hannah (2020), “Masculinities perspectives: advancing a radical Women, Peace and Security agenda?”, International Feminist Journal of Politics, 22 (5): 652-674.

Kadın, Barış ve Güvenlik Gündemi: Uluslararası Siyasete Feminist Müdahaleler ve Sınırları

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 471 - 504, 19.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.18

Öz

Kadınların silahlı çatışmalardaki deneyimleri ve barış süreçlerine dahil edilmeleri, yirminci yüzyılın başından beri çeşitli kadın hareketleri tarafından dile getirilmektedir. Feminist yaklaşımlar, uluslararası güvenlik politikalarında toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı güç ilişkilerine ve militarist politikalara karşı duruş sergilemektedirler. Kadınların çatışma ve çatışma sonrası deneyimlerinin uluslararası politikada ele alınması ise Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) Güvenlik Konseyi’nin 2000 yılında Kadın, Barış ve Güvenlik (KBG) konulu 1325 sayılı kararı kabul etmesiyle başlamıştır. Bu makale, KBG Gündeminin oluşumuna giden süreçteki feminist hareketleri ve yaklaşımları incelemektedir. KBG kararları analiz edilerek, feminist yaklaşımların ve ideallerin BM'nin güvenlik söylemi içinde ne ölçüde ele alındığı da incelenmektedir. Bu makale, KBG Gündeminin önemini ve katkılarını vurgularken, kararları etkileyen siyasi dinamikleri ve feminist müdahalelerinin sınırlarını da irdeleyecektir. Metodolojik olarak, KBG Gündemi kararları ve ilgili akademik literatür incelenecektir. Bu çalışmayla KBG Gündemindeki en son gelişmeler de ele alınarak literatüre tamamlayıcı bir katkıda bulunulacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Atmaca, Ayşe Ömür ve Pınar Gözen Ercan (2018), “Uluslararası Güvenliği Yeniden Düşünmek: Uluslararası İlişkiler Disiplininde Feminist Eleştiriler”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, 13 (59): 19-31.
  • Aydın Koyuncu, Çiğdem (2022), “Feminizm Bağlamında Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi’nin Kadın, Barış ve Güvenlik Gündemi Kararlarının Analizi”, Journal of Empirical Economics and Social Sciences, 4 (2): 125-145.
  • Basu, Soumita (2016), “The Global South writes 1325 (too)”, International Political Science Review, 37 (3): 362–374.
  • Basu, Soumita ve Catia C. Confortini (2017), “Weakest “P” in the 1325 Pod? Realizing Conflict Prevention through Security Council Resolution 1325”, International Studies Perspectives, 18: 43–63.
  • BMGK (2000). Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) [on women and peace and security], 31 October 2000, S/RES/1325 (2000).
  • BMGK (2009). Security Council resolution 1820 (2008) [on acts of sexual violence against civilians in armed conflicts], 19 June 2008, S/RES/1820 (2008).
  • BMGK (2009). Security Council resolution 1888 (2009) [on acts of sexual violence against civilians in armed conflicts], 30 September 2009, S/RES/1888 (2009).
  • BMGK (2010). Security Council resolution 1889 (2009) [on women and peace and security], 5 October 2009, S/RES/1889 (2009).
  • BMGK (2011). Security Council resolution 1960 (2010) [on women and peace and security], 16 December 2010, S/RES/1960(2010).
  • BMGK (2013). Security Council resolution 2106 (2013) [on sexual violence in armed conflict], 24 June 2013, S/RES/2106 (2013).
  • BMGK (2013). Security Council resolution 2122 (2013) [on women and peace and security], 18 October 2013, S/RES/2122 (2013).
  • BMGK (2015). Security Council resolution 2242 (2015) [on women and peace and security], 13 October 2015, S/RES/2242 (2015).
  • BMGK (2019). Security Council resolution 2467 (2019) [on sexual violence in armed conflict], 24 April 2019, S/RES/2467 (2019).
  • Bourke, Joanna (2007), Rape: A History from 1860 to the Present (London: Virago).
  • Butler, Judith (2008), Cinsiyet Belası: Feminizm ve Kimliğin Altüst Edilmesi (İstanbul: Metis) (Çev. Başak Ertür).
  • Chinkin, Christine ve Hilary Charlesworth (2006), “Building Women into Peace: the international legal framework”, Third World Quarterly, 27 (5): 937-957.
  • Chinkin, Christine ve Madeleine Rees (2019), Commentary on Security Council Resolution 2467: Continued State Obligation and Civil Society Action on Sexual Violence in Conflict. LSE WPS Centre.
  • Charlesworth, Hilary (2005), “Not Waving but Drowning: Gender Mainstreaming and Human Rights in the United Nations”, Harvard Human Rights Journal, 18: 1-18.
  • Cockburn, Cynthia (2013), “War and Security, Women and Gender: An Overview of the Issues”, Gender & Development, 21 (3): 433-452.
  • Cohn, Carol (2004), “Feminist Peacemaking: In Resolution 1325, the United Nations Requires the Inclusion of Women in All Peace Planning and Negotiation”, The Women's Review of Books, 21 (5): 8-9.
  • Cohn, Carol (2017), Beyond the “Women, Peace and Security” Agenda: Why We Need a Feminist Roadmap for Sustainable Peace, Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights. Feminist Roadmap for Sustainable Peace Project Background Paper.
  • Confortini, Catia C. (2012), Intelligent Compassion: Feminist Critical Methodology in the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
  • Darden, Jessica Trisko, Alexis Henshaw ve Ora Szekely (2019), Insurgent Women: Female Combatants in Civil Wars (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press).
  • Davies, Sara E. ve Jacqui True (2019), “WPS A Transformative Agenda?”, Sara E. Davies ve Jacqui True (Der.), The Oxford Handbook of Women, Peace and Security (New York: Oxford University Press): 3-14.
  • Dayal, Anjali Kaushlesh ve Agathe Christien (2020), “Women’s participation in informal peace processes” Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 26 (1): 69-98.
  • Duriesmith, David (2017), Engaging Men and Boys in the Women, Peace and Security Agenda: Beyond the “good men” industry, LSE WPS Working Paper No 11.
  • Foucault, Michel (2007), Cinselliğin Tarihi (İstanbul: Ayrıntı) (Çev. Hülya Uğur Tanrıöver).
  • Galtung, Johan (1969), “Violence, Peace, and Peace Research”, Journal of Peace Research, 6 (3): 167–191.
  • George, Nicola ve Laura J. Shepherd (2016), “Women, Peace and Security: Exploring the Implementation and Integration of UNSCR 1325”, International Political Science Review, 37 (3): 297–306.
  • Gray, Samantha, Heather Stuart, Sabine Lee ve Susan A Bartels (2022), “Development of an Index to Measure the Exposure Level of UN Peacekeeper-Perpetrated Sexual Exploitation/Abuse in Women/Girls in the Democratic Republic of Congo”, Violence Against Women, 28 (12–13): 3215–3241.
  • Hamid, Zarin ve Sarah Werner (2019), “Security Council Open Debate: Sexual Violence in Conflict, 23 April 2019”, WILPF Women, Peace and Security Programme, https://www.peacewomen.org/security-council/security-council-open-debate-sexual-violence-conflict-april-2019 (28.01.2023).
  • Heathcote, Gina (2011), “Feminist Politics and the Use of Force: Theorising Feminist Action and Security Council Resolution 1325”, Socio-Legal Review, 7: 23-43.
  • Heathcote, Gina (2018), “Security Council Resolution 2242 on Women, Peace and Security: Progressive Gains or Dangerous Development?”, Global Society, 32 (4): 374-394.
  • Heathcote, Gina (2022), “Filters and Fragments: Making Feminist Sense of Security”, AJIL Unbound, 116: 254-258.
  • Hendricks, Cherly (2017), “Progress and Challenges in Implementing the Women, Peace and Security Agenda in the African Union's Peace and Security Architecture”, Africa Development, XLII (3): 73–98.
  • Henshaw, Alexis Leanna (2017), Making Violent Women Visible in the WPS Agenda, LSE WPS Working Paper, No. 7.
  • Holvikivi, Aiko ve Reeves, Audrey (2020), “Women, Peace and Security after Europe's ‘refugee crisis’”. European Journal of International Security, 5 (2): 135-154.
  • Hudson, Heidi (2017), “The Power of Mixed Messages: Women, Peace, and Security Language in National Action Plans from Africa”, Africa Spectrum, 52 (3): 3-29.
  • Jacobson, Ruth (2013), “Women After Wars”, Carol Cohn (Der.), Women and Wars (Cambridge: Polity Press): 215-242.
  • Jansson, Maria ve Maud Eduards (2016), “The Politics of Gender in the UN Security Council Resolutions on Women, Peace and Security”, International Feminist Journal of Politics, 18 (4): 590-604.
  • Kolhatkar, Sonali (2002), “The impact of US intervention on Afghan women's rights”, Berkeley Women's Law Journal, 17 (1): 12-30.
  • Kreft, Anne-Kathrin (2020), “Civil society perspectives on sexual violence in conflict: patriarchy and war strategy in Colombia”, International Affairs, 96 (2): 457-478.
  • Mannell, Jenevieve, Gulraj Grewal, Lida Ahmad ve Ayesha Ahmad (2021), “A Qualitative Study of Women’s Lived Experiences of Conflict and Domestic Violence in Afghanistan”, Violence Against Women, 27 (11): 1862-1878.
  • Myrttinen, Henri (2019), “Locating Masculinities in WPS”, Sara E Davies and Jacqui True (Der.), The Oxford Handbook of Women, Peace and Security (New York: Oxford University Press): 88-97.
  • Ni Aolain, Fiona D. ve Walji, Nahla (2019), “Scholarly Debates and Contested Meanings of WPS”, Sara E Davies and Jacqui True (Der.), The Oxford Handbook of Women, Peace and Security, (New York: Oxford University Press): 53-66.
  • O'Rourke, Catherine (2014), “Walk[ing] the Halls of Power Understanding Women's Participation in International Peace and Security”, Melbourne Journal of International Law, 15 (1): 128-154.
  • Otto, Diana (2006), “Sign of Weakness Disrupting Gender Certainties in the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325”, Michigan Journal of Gender & Law, 13 (1): 113-176.
  • Otto, Diana (2009), “The Exile of Inclusion: Reflections on Gender Issues in International Law over the Last Decade”, Melbourne Journal of International Law, 10 (1): 11-26.
  • Otto, Diana (2018), “Women, Peace and Security: A Critical Analysis of the Security Council’s Vision”, Fiona Ni Aolain, Naomi Cahn, Dina Francesca Haynes ve Nahla Valji (Der.), The Oxford Handbook of Gender and Conflict (New York: Oxford University Press): 105–118.
  • Özkan, Seher Selin (2019), Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyinin 1325 Sayılı Kararı ve Karar Kapsamında Ulusal eylem planı hazırlanması (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi) (Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
  • Peace Women (2023), “Resolutions”, http://www.peacewomen.org/why-WPS/solutions/resolutions (05.02.2023).
  • Powell, Catherine (2017), “How Women Could Save the World, If Only We Would Let Them: From Gender Essentialism to Inclusive Security”, Yale Journal of Law and Feminism, 28 (2): 271-326.
  • Pratt, Nicola (2013), “Reconceptualizing Gender, Reinscribing Racial–Sexual Boundaries in International Security: The Case of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security”, International Studies Quarterly, 57: 772–783.
  • Pratt, Nicola ve Sophie Richter-Devroe (2011), “Critically Examining UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace and Security”, International Feminist Journal of Politics, 13 (4): 489-503.
  • Sahin, Bilge (2020), Sexual Violence Crimes and Gendered Power Relations: Bringing Justice to Women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (New York: Routledge).
  • Sahin, Bilge (2021), “Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Savaş ve Hukuk: Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti’nde Cinsel Şiddet Suçları”, Fe Dergi, 13 (1): 57-70.
  • Shepherd, Laura J. (2008), “Power and Authority in the Production of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325”, International Studies Quarterly, 52 (2): 383-404.
  • Shepherd, Laura J. (2016), “Making War Safe For Women? National Action Plans and the Militarisation of the Women, Peace and Security Agenda”, International Political Science Review, 37 (3): 324–335.
  • Shepherd, Laura J. (2021), “Listen to Women When Creating Peace Initiatives” Megan McKenzie ve Nicole Wegner (Der.), Feminist Solutions for Ending War (London: Pluto Press): 216-230.
  • SIPRI (2022), “Women in Multilateral Peace Operations in 2022: What is the State of Play?, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute”, https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2022-10/women_in_multilateral_peace_operations_in_2022-what_is_the_state_of_play.pdf (4.07.2023).
  • Thomson, Jennifer (2019), “The Women, Peace, and Security Agenda and Feminist Institutionalism: A Research Agenda”, International Studies Review, 21: 598–613.
  • Thomson, Jennifer ve Sophie Whiting (2022), “Women, Peace and Security National Action Plans in anti-gender governments: The cases of Brazil and Poland”, European Journal of International Security, 7: 531–550.
  • Tickner, J. Ann (2019), “Peace and Security from a Feminist Perspective” Sara E. Davies ve Jacqui True (Der.), The Oxford Handbook of Women, Peace and Security (New York: Oxford University Press): 15-25.
  • Tickner, J. Ann ve Jacqui True (2018), “A Century of International Relations Feminism: From World War I Women’s Peace Pragmatism to the Women, Peace and Security Agenda”, International Studies Quarterly, 62 (2): 221–233.
  • Tryggestad, Toruun L. (2009), “Trick or Treat? The UN and Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security”, Global Governance, 15 (4): 539-557.
  • Yadav, Punam ve Denise M. Horn (2021), “Continuums of Violence: Feminist Peace Research and Gender-Based Violence”, Tarja Väyrynen, Swati Parashar, Élise Féron ve Catia C. Confortini (Der.), Routledge Handbook of Feminist Peace Research (Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge): 105-114.
  • Vahedi, Luissa, Susan A. Bartels ve Sabine Lee (2021), “Even Peacekeepers Expect Something in Return: A Qualitative Analysis of Sexual Interactions Between UN Peacekeepers and Female Haitians”, Global Public Health, 16 (5): 692-705.
  • Weiss, Cornelia (2022), “Creating UNSCR 1325: Women who served as initiators, drafters, and strategists”, Rebecca Adami ve Dan Pleach (Der.), Women and the UN: A New History of Women’s International Human Rights (New York: Routledge): 139-160.
  • Wibben, Annick T.R. (2020), “Everyday Security, Feminism, and the Continuum of Violence”, Journal of Global Security Studies, 5 (1): 115–121.
  • WILPF (2019), “What We Think about the New Women, Peace and Security Resolution”, https://www.wilpf.org/what-we-think-about-the-new-women-peace-and-security-resolution/ (25.01.2023).
  • Wright, Hannah (2020), “Masculinities perspectives: advancing a radical Women, Peace and Security agenda?”, International Feminist Journal of Politics, 22 (5): 652-674.
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Bilge Şahin Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2101-7074

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Ekim 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Şahin, B. (2023). Kadın, Barış ve Güvenlik Gündemi: Uluslararası Siyasete Feminist Müdahaleler ve Sınırları. Alternatif Politika, 15(3), 471-504. https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.18
AMA Şahin B. Kadın, Barış ve Güvenlik Gündemi: Uluslararası Siyasete Feminist Müdahaleler ve Sınırları. Altern. Polit. Ekim 2023;15(3):471-504. doi:10.53376/ap.2023.18
Chicago Şahin, Bilge. “Kadın, Barış Ve Güvenlik Gündemi: Uluslararası Siyasete Feminist Müdahaleler Ve Sınırları”. Alternatif Politika 15, sy. 3 (Ekim 2023): 471-504. https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.18.
EndNote Şahin B (01 Ekim 2023) Kadın, Barış ve Güvenlik Gündemi: Uluslararası Siyasete Feminist Müdahaleler ve Sınırları. Alternatif Politika 15 3 471–504.
IEEE B. Şahin, “Kadın, Barış ve Güvenlik Gündemi: Uluslararası Siyasete Feminist Müdahaleler ve Sınırları”, Altern. Polit., c. 15, sy. 3, ss. 471–504, 2023, doi: 10.53376/ap.2023.18.
ISNAD Şahin, Bilge. “Kadın, Barış Ve Güvenlik Gündemi: Uluslararası Siyasete Feminist Müdahaleler Ve Sınırları”. Alternatif Politika 15/3 (Ekim 2023), 471-504. https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.18.
JAMA Şahin B. Kadın, Barış ve Güvenlik Gündemi: Uluslararası Siyasete Feminist Müdahaleler ve Sınırları. Altern. Polit. 2023;15:471–504.
MLA Şahin, Bilge. “Kadın, Barış Ve Güvenlik Gündemi: Uluslararası Siyasete Feminist Müdahaleler Ve Sınırları”. Alternatif Politika, c. 15, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 471-04, doi:10.53376/ap.2023.18.
Vancouver Şahin B. Kadın, Barış ve Güvenlik Gündemi: Uluslararası Siyasete Feminist Müdahaleler ve Sınırları. Altern. Polit. 2023;15(3):471-504.