AFLATOXINS IN MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS: POSSIBLE RISKS

Öz

Mycotoxins are toxic substances produced by some molds. Aflatoxins (AFs) are one of the most commonly known groups of mycotoxins. There are more than 20 known types of AF, but the most toxic is known as AF B1. They cause acute or chronic toxicosis when consumed by humans. Nuts, grains, fruits and vegetables, spices, milk and dairy products are food groups with a high risk of AF contamination. Milk and dairy products are the food group containing the most AF residues among animal tissues. It is essential to know the ways of AF contamination in milk and dairy products and to carry out prevention studies. In order to reduce the risk of AF toxicity in milk and dairy products, which is a food group that is especially consumed by children in developmental age, certain methods are being developed for AF degradation during milk processing. There are various physical, chemical and biological methods such as ozone, irradiation, adding sulphite, bisulfite and hydrogen peroxide, adding microorganisms, but it is important to determine the advantages and disadvantages for each. To reduce AF contamination in milk and dairy products; Good agricultural practices should be adopted in all stages from milk production to consumption, and official control and sanction mechanisms should be maintained in a healthy and effective way for this. For this purpose, in this study, it was aimed to evaluate AF contamination and possible risks in milk and dairy products.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aflatoxin
• Mycotoxin
• Milk and dairy products
• Health
• Contamination

SÜT VE SÜT ÜRÜNLERİNDE AFLATOKSİNLER: OLASI RİSKLER

Öz

Mikotoksinler bazı küfler tarafından üretilen toksik maddelerdir. Aflatoksinler (AF’ler) en sık bilinen mikotoksin gruplarından biridir. Bilinen 20’den fazla AF türü bulunmaktadır ancak en toksik olanı AF B1 olarak bilinir. İnsanlar tarafından tüketildiklerinde akut ya da kronik toksikozlara neden olurlar. Kabuklu yemişler, tahıllar, meyve ve sebzeler, baharatlar süt ve süt ürünleri AF bulaşma riski yüksek olan gıda gruplarıdır. Süt ve süt ürünleri, hayvan dokuları arasında en fazla AF kalıntısı içeren gıda grubudur. Süt ve süt ürünlerinde AF kontaminasyon yollarının bilinmesi ve önleme çalışmalarının yapılması elzemdir. Özellikle gelişim çağındaki çocuklar tarafından da sık tüketilen bir gıda grubu olan süt ve süt ürünlerindeki AF toksisite riskini azaltmak amacıyla sütün işlenmesi sırasında AF degradasyonu için belirli yöntemler geliştirilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Ozon, ışınlama, sülfit, bisülfit ve hidrojen peroksit ekleme, mikroorganizma ekleme gibi çeşitli fiziksel, kimyasal, biyolojik yöntemler mevcuttur ancak her biri için avantaj ve dezavantajların saptanması önemlidir. Süt ve süt ürünlerindeki AF kontaminasyonunun azaltılması için; sütün üretiminden tüketimine kadar geçen aşamaların tümünde iyi tarım uygulamalarının benimsenmesi ve bunun için resmi kontrol ve yaptırım mekanizmalarının sağlıklı ve etkin bir şekilde sürdürülmesi gereklidir. Bu amaçla bu çalışmada süt ve süt ürünlerindeki AF kontaminasyonunun ve olası risklerin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aflatoksin
• Mikotoksin
• Süt ve süt ürünleri
• Sağlık
• Kontaminasyon

Kaynakça

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