Al-Quds in Arabic Literature in the Twentieth Century

Öz

By tracing Al-Quds’ litetature in the twentieth century، some conclusions can be made. The poetry about Jerusalem included three domains، namely religious، patriotic and social poetry. It is also shown that religious poetry focuses on showing the importance of Al-Quds and its distinguished holy places. A lot of this poetry was written on famous religious and historical occasions، such as Israa’ and Mirac، the prophet’s birth and emigration. On the other hand، the patriotic poems were written about the Arab conflict with the enemy. It described the Palestinian’s consecutive revolutions، especially the period prior to 1948 Palestinian Nakba. After Al Nakba، however، poems kept focusing on liberating the holy places and rescuing them from occupation via the enthusiasm and the empathy of poets toward Jerusalem، which was occupied by the enemy. Al-Quds was clearly present in the poetry، stories and novels، while it was not as such in plays. Many writers and poets were keen on highlighting reality in their literature، which was related to Al-Quds. They pictured reality photographically when they talked about the event that happened in Al-Quds in the twentieth century; they described the battles with the Jews during and after Nakba; they mentioned some of the courageous actions of the Palestinians against their enemy. Recording reality was reflected in the image of Al-Quds in this literature. So، Al-Quds appeared as a stable place. Some writers and poets were able to draw a clear picture of the main features of Al-Quds in their literature. Therefore، it appeared as a bright and shiny place، which is full of life and energy. Some of those stories were those of Najati Sidqi، Ameen Faris Melhasi، Khalil Al Sawahri and Ibrahim Al Daqqaq. Al-Quds in “Sudasiyat Al-Ayyam Al-Sittah” for Emile Habibi، became an important human cause. Across Palestine، Al-Quds was in the heart of everybody. And it did not lose its uniqueness in the distinguished novels. By studying Al-Quds literature during the 20th century، we can conclude that the literature was in two levels: the first level includes the incidental rejection to the reaction towards the events related to Al-Quds. The literature of this level was weak because it did not have the power to revive the heritage and the sufferings of the moment. These creative works were weak because they have powerful and meaningful vocabulary; they were imitating the Abbasi poets or modern poets. Al-Quds poet were affected. The second level represents those poets who had a more comprehensive view about their stance against the occupier، and they were those who had a reaction، and sacrificed their literature for the sake of giving Al-Quds a very special taste and value. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Al-Quds,Arabic Literature,Twentieth Century

Kaynakça

1. براهن الدين العبوشي، إىل مىت، مطبيه المعارف بغداد 1972م