KİMYASAL İÇERİK VE BİYOLOJİK AKTİVİTE AÇISINDAN PROPOLİS

Öz

Propolis milattan önce Mısır, Roma, Pers ve Yunanlılar tarafından tedavi edici özellikleri amacıyla açık yaralarda, mide rahatsızlıklarında kullanılmıştır ve diğer arı ürünleri (bal, polen, arısütü) gibi tarih boyunca dikkat çekilmiştir. Propolis çeşitli ve zengin kimyasal içeriğe sahiptir ve bu durum kullanım çeşitliliğini ve önemini artırmaktadır. Bu özelliği propolisin biyolojik aktivitesini artırmakta, tıp,eczacılık ve gıda sektöründeki kullanım çeşitliliğini artırmaktadır. Ayrıca kimyasal içeriğinin çeşitliliğini oluşturan bitkilerin bulunduğu yöre, iklim, coğrafya ve kıtalara özgü propolis özellikleri de değişiklikler göstermektedir. Bu derlemede propolisin kimyasal içeriği ve farmakolojik etki alanları verilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Propolis
• Arı ürünü
• Kimyasal içerik
• Biyolojik aktivite
• Biyoteknoloji

PROPOLIS IN TERMS OF CHEMICAL CONTENT AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

Öz

Propolis was used by the Egyptians, Romans, Persians and Greeks for its therapeutic properties in open wounds and stomach ailments before Christ, and has been taken into consideration throughout history, like other bee products (honey, pollen, royal jelly). Propolis has a diverse and rich chemical content, and this increases the diversity and increase of its use. This feature increases the biological degradation of propolis and increases its diversity of use in medicine, pharmacy and food sectors. In addition, the characteristics of propolis, which contain various elements of its chemical content, vary depending on the region, climate, geography and continents. In this part, the chemical content and pharmacological effects of propolis are given.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Propolis
• Bee product
• Chemical content
• Biological activity
• Biotechnology

Kaynakça

1. Abu-Mellal A, Koolaji N, Duke RK, Tran VH, Duke CC. Prenylated cinnamate and stilbenes from Kangaroo Island propolis and their antioxidant activity. Phytochemistry 2012;77:251–9.
2. Ahmed R, Tanvir EM, Hossen MS, Afroz R, Ahmmed I, Rumpa NE, et al. Antioxidant Properties and Cardioprotective Mechanism of Malaysian Propolis in Rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2017; 2017: 5370545
3. Alberti T, Coelho D, Voytena A, Iacovski R, Mazzarino L, Maraschin M, et al. Effect of Propolis Nanoparticles on Early-Stage Wound Healing in a Diabetic Non contractile Wound Model. Nanotechnol Adv Mater Sci 2019;2(1):1-10.
4. Alencar SM, Oldoni TLC, Castro ML, Cabral ISR, Costa-Neto CM, Cury JA, et al. Chemical composition and biological activity of a new type of Brazilian propolis: red propolis. J Ethnopharmacol 2007;113:278–83. Bogdanov S. Propolis: Composition, Health, Medicine: A Review. 2012; Available from: http://www.bee hexagon.net/files/file/fileE/Health/PropolisBookReview .pdf.
5. Bankova VS, de Castro SL, Marcucci MC. Propolis: recent advances in chemistry and plant origin. Apidologie 2000;31:3–15.
6. Chan GC, Cheung KW, Sze DM. The immunomodula tory and anticancer properties of propolis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2013;44(3):262-73.
7. Cantarelli MA, Camiña JM, Pettenati EM, Marchevsky EJ, Pellerano RG. Trace mineral content of Argentinean raw propolis by neutron activation analysis (NAA): assessment of geographical provenance by chemometrics. LWT – Food Sci Technol 2011;44:256–60.
8. Cvek J, Medić-Šarić M, Vitali D, Vedrina-Dragojević I, Šmit Z, Tomić S. The content of essential and toxic elements in Croatian propolis samples and their tinctures. J Apicult Res 2008;47:35–45.

9. Coelho, G. R.; Mendonça, R. Z.; Vilar, K. D. S.; Figueiredo, C. A.; Badari, J. C.; Taniwaki, N.; Namiyama, G.; Oliveira, M. I. D.; Curti, S. P.; Evelyn Silva, P. Antiviral Action of Hydromethanolic Extract of Geopropolis from Scaptotrigona Postica Against Antiherpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1). Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2015, 2015, 1–10. DOI: 10.1155/2015/296086.
10. De Castro SL. Propolis: biological and pharmacological activities. Therapeutic uses of this bee-product. Ann Rev Biomed Sci 2001;3:49–83.
11. Dos Santos Pereira A, Bicalho B, de Aquino Neto FR. Comparison of propolis from Apis mellifera and Tetragonisca angustula. Apidologie 2003;34:291–8.
12. De Figueiredo SM, Nogueira-Machado JA, Almeida Bde M, Abreu SR, de Abreu JA, Filho SA, et al. Immunomodulatory properties of green propolis. Recent Pat Endocr Metab Immune Drug Discov 2014;8(2):85-94.
13. Ghisalberti, E. L. Propolis: A Review. Bee World. 1979, 60(2), 59–84. DOI: 10.1080/0005772X.1979.11097738. Graikou K, Popova M, Gortzi O, Bankova V, Chinou I. Characterization and biological evaluation of selected Mediterranean propolis samples. Is it a new type? LWT – Food Sci Technol 2016;65:261–7.
14. Huang S, Zhang CP, Wang K, Li GQ, Hu FL. Recent advances in the chemical composition of propolis. Molecules 2014;19:19610–32.
15. Huang WJ, Huang CH, Wu CL, Lin JK, Chen YW, Lin CL, et al. Propolin G, a prenylflavanone, isolated from Taiwanese pro polis, induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in brain cancer cells. J Agric Food Chem 2007;55:7366–76.
16. Farooqui T, Farooqui AA. Beneficial effects of propolis on human health and neurological diseases. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2012;4:779-93.
17. Jaubert, G. F. Origin of the Colour of Beeswax and the Composition of Propolis. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L’Académie des Sciences. 1926, 184, 1134–1136.
18. Kuropatnicki AK, Szliszka E, Krol W. Historical aspects of propolis research in modern times. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013;2013:964149.
19. Lotfy M. Biological activity of bee propolis in health and disease. Asian Pac J Cancer P 2006;7(1):22-31 Madrigal-Santillán E, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Álvarez González I, Sumaya-Martínez MT, Gutiérrez-Salinas J, Bautista M, et al. Review of natural products with hepatoprotective effects. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20(40):14787-804.
20. Marcucci MC. Propolis: chemical composition, biological properties and therapeutic activity. Apidologie 1995;26:83–99. Nna VU, Bakar ABA, Mohamed M. Malaysian propolis, metformin and their combination, exert hepatoprotective effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Life Sci 2018;211:40-50.
21. Oršolić N, Landeka Jurčević I, Đikić D, Rogić D, Odeh D, Balta V, et al. Effect of Propolis on Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia and Atherogenic Indices in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019;8(6):E156.
22. Park YK, Ikegaki M, Alencar SM de, Moura FF de. Evaluation of Brazilian propolis by both physicochemical methods and biological activity. Honeybee Science 2000;21:85–90.
23. Pasupuleti VR, Sammugam L, Ramesh N, Gan SH. Honey, Propolis, and Royal Jelly: A Comprehensive Review of Their Biological Actions and Health Benefits. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017;2017:1259510.
24. Popova MP, Graikou K, Chinou I, Bankova VS. GC-MS profiling of diterpene compounds in Mediterranean propolis from Greece. J Agric Food Chem 2010;58:3167–76.
25. Popravko SA, Sokolov MV. Plant sources of propolis. Pchelovodstvo 1980;2:28–9.
26. Przybyłek I, Karpiński TM. Antibacterial Properties of Propolis. Molecules 2019;24(11):E2047.
27. Pujirahayu N, Suzuki T, Katayama T. Cycloartane Type Triterpenes and Botanical Origin of Propolis of Stingless Indonesian Bee Tetragonula sapiens. Plants (Basel) 2019;8(3):E57.
28. Sanpa S, Popova M, Bankova V, Tunkasiri T, Eitssayeam S, Chantawannakul P. Antibacterial compounds from propolis of Tetragonula laeviceps and Tetrigona melanoleuca (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Thailand. PLoS One 2015;10:e0126886.
29. Sforcin JM. Biological Properties and Therapeutic Applications of Propolis. Phytother Res 2016; 30(6): 894-905. Sforcin JM, Bankova V. Propolis: Is there a potential for the development of new drugs? J Ethnopharmacol 2011;133:253-60.
30. Simone-Finstrom M, Spivak M. Propolis and bee health: the natural history and significance of resin use by honey bees. Apidologie 2010;41:295-311.
31. Soltani, E.-K.; Cerezuela, R.; Charef, N.; Mezaache-Aichour, S.; Esteban, M. A.; Zerroug, M. M. Algerian Propolis Extracts: Chemical Composition, Bactericidal Activity and in vitro Effects on Gilthead Seabream Innate Immune Responses. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2017, 62, 57–67. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.009.
32. Sturm, L.; Ulrih, N. P. Advances in the Propolis Chemical Composition Between 2013 and 2018: A Review. Efood. 2019, 1(1), 24. DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.191029.001.
33. Thomson M, “Propolis,” Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 153, article 654, 1990.
34. Volpi N. Separation of flavonoids and phenolic acids from propolis by capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2004;25(12):1872-8.
35. Wagh VD. Propolis: a wonder bees product and its pharmacological potentials. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2013;2013:11.
36. Walker P, Crane E. Constituents of propolis. Apidologie 1987;18:327–34.
37. Yuluğ E, Türedi S, Yıldırım Ö, Yenilmez E, Aliyazıcıoğlu Y, Demir S, et al. Biochemical and morphological evaluation of the effects of propolis on cisplatin induced kidney damage in rats. Biotech Histochem 2019;94(3):204-13.
38. Zabaiou N, Fouache A, Trousson A, Baron S, Zellagui A, Lahouel M, et al. Biological properties of propolis extracts: Something new from an ancient product. Chem Phys Lipids 2017;207(Pt B):214-22.
39. Zakerkish M, Jenabi M, Zaeemzadeh N, Hemmati AA, Neisi N. The Effect of Iranian Propolis on Glucose Metabolism, Lipid Profile, Insulin Resistance, Renal Function and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized DoubleBlind Clinical Trial. Sci Rep 2019;9(1):7289.
40. Zhang CP, Liu G, Hu FL. Hydrolysis of flavonoid glycosides by propolis b-glycosidase. Nat Prod Res 2012;26:270–3.