'Hikikomori' Nedir?: Bir Gözden Geçirme

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 88 - 101, 11.08.2024

Elif Kulaberoğlu , Çiçek Hocaoğlu

Öz

Hikikomori ergen ve genç yetişkin bireylerin altı ay veya daha uzun bir süre kendilerini izolasyona almaları olarak tanımlanmaktadır. İlk kez 1980’li yılların başlarında Japonya’da bildirilmiştir. Japon aile, kültür ve sosyal kurallarının baskın olması bireyi sosyal geri çekilme davranışına itmektedir. Japon annelerin gelişim aşamasında çocuklarını aşırı koruyucu ve bağımlı yetiştirmesi, babanın çocuklar üzerindeki tutumunun zayıflığı sonucu çocuklar düşük sosyal beceri, kimlik bocalaması yaşayarak çevreye karşı uyumsuz davranışlar sergilerler. Bu uyumsuz davranışlar okul döneminde akran reddi ile devam etmektedir. Akran reddi yaşayan çocuklar okul devamsızlığı ile iş hayatına atılır fakat şiddetli rekabet ile işsiz kalma riski artmaktadır. Tüm bu nedenlerden dolayı kendini yetersiz hisseden birey çevresinin onu yadırgayacağını düşünerek kendi savunma mekanizmasını geliştirip eve kapanmaya başlar. Eve kapanan birey sosyal aktivitelerden uzaklaşır ama internet kullanımına artış ile sonuçlanır. Tüm bunların yanında sanal oyunlara bağımlılığı artmaktadır. Japonya’ya özgü olan bu fenomen giderek diğer ülkelerde de yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. Hikikomori yaygınlığının artması ile bilimsel çalışmalarda da ilgi odağı olmuştur. Ancak, bugüne kadar tanı sınıflandırmalarında yer almayan hikikimorinin etiyolojisi, klinik görünümü, tanı ve tedavisi konusunda henüz bir fikir birliği mevcut değildir. Bu çalışmada hikikomori ile ilgili mevcut literatür bulguları gözden geçirilmiş ve bu konuya dikkat çekilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hikikomori, sosyal geri çekilme, tanı

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Teşekkür

yok

Kaynakça

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