Araştırma Makalesi
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Video Sanatının Gelişim ve Değişim Sürecinde Ekran Olgusu

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 68 - 89, 27.12.2025

Öz

Video sanatının başlangıcından günümüze kadar olan süreçte değişim ve gelişiminin analiz edildiği araştırmada, sinematografik anlatı ile başlayan görüntüsel anlamın aktarıldığı ekranın teknolojik gelişmeye koşut küçülerek televizyon ekranlarına dönüşmesi ve 1960’larda taşınabilir video teknolojisinin gelişimi ile kültürel anlatının bir parçası haline gelen video formunun günümüzde mekanı da içine alarak dijital enstalasyon ve interaktif yaratımlar halini alma süreci incelenmektedir. Başlangıçta Nam June Paik gibi sanatçıların öncülüğünde tüplü televizyonların enstalasyonlarda kullanımı ile başlayan kültürel bir form/ formun parçası olarak ekranın fiziksel gerçekliği, önce yerini LED ekranlara ardından görüntünün çoğaltılarak simülatif bir gerçekliğe indirgendiği çoğaltılmış düzenlemelere bırakmıştır. Devam eden süreçte görüntü yeniden birleştirilerek 2000’lerin başlarından itibaren ekranın, mekanın fiziksel gerçekliğine indirgendiği ve görüntünün sanallığının yeniden boyutlandırıldığı görülür. Bununla birlikte video sanatı ile başlayan süreçte ekranın fizikselden sanala olan değişiminin kullanım alanı ile izleyici-eser etkileşiminin de sürekli olarak değişim gösterdiği, galeri mekanında konumlandırılan ekranın kavramsal sanat bağlamında kamusal alana taşındığı ve/ya salt estetik bir form olarak ele alınabildiği gibi eleştirel anlamı yansıtma aracı işlevine de sahip olabildiği tartışılmaktadır. Öte yandan günümüz teknoloji tabanlı yaratım formlarından olan video enstalasyonların etkileşimli yapısı ve izleyici ile kurulan ilişki ve dolayısıyla çalışmanın izleyicinin varlığı ile tamamlanan doğası da temel araştırma problemleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bu kapsamda ekranın salt fiziksel bir aktarım aracı olmaktan çıkıp kültürel anlatının bir parçası olma süreci, günümüz teknoloji tabanlı sanat yaratımları bağlamında konumunun yeniden değerlendirilmesi ve dolayısıyla gerçeklik temsilinin yeniden yapılandırılması bakımından alandaki boşluğun doldurulması amaçlanmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Akay, A. (1997). Postmodern görüntü [Postmodern image]. Bağlam Publishing.
  • Althoff, S. (2018). Inhabiting the profile: Zach Blas’ facial weaponization suite. Intermédialités/Intermediality, 32. https://doi.org/10.7202/1058472AR
  • Altunay, D. A. (2006). Video sanatında yapı çözümü: Araç ve mesaj olarak video [Structural analysis in video art: Video as a tool and message]. Selçuk İletişim, 4(2), 234-239.
  • Anadol, R. (2022). Sense of healing: AI data sculpture. Refik Anadol Studio. Retrieved from https://refikanadol.com/works/sense-of-healing-ai-data-sculpture/ (Access date: March 2, 2025).
  • Çankır, M. B. (2017). Toplumsal ve teknolojik gelişmeler bağlamında video sanatı [Video art in the context of social and technological developments]. İstanbul Aydın University Journal of Fine Arts Faculty, 3(6), 31-37.
  • Farthing, S. (2014). Sanatın tüm öyküsü [Art: The whole story]. Hayalperest Publishing.
  • Guggenheim Museum. (t.y.). Nam June Paik: TV Buddha (1974). Guggenheim Museum. Retrieved from https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/artist/nam-june-paik (Access date: March 5, 2025).
  • Hall, D., Fifer, S. J., & Acconci, V. (1990). Illuminating video: An essential guide to video art. Aperture in association with the Bay Area Video Coalition.
  • Hanhardt, J. G. (1992). De-collage and television: Wolf Vostell in New York, 1963-64. Visible Language, 26(1/2), 109-123.
  • Horsfield, K., & Hilderbrand, L. (2006). Feedback: The video data bank catalog. Video Data Bank.
  • Kılıç, L. (1995). Çoğaltım aracından sanat ortamına video sanatı eleştirel bir bakış [A critical look at video art from the reproduction medium to the art environment]. Hil Publishing.
  • Kılıç, L. (2000) Görüntü estetiği [Visual aesthetics]. İnkılap Publishing.
  • King, C. (2014). Sanatın tüm öyküsü, video sanatı [Art: The whole story]. Hayalperest Publishing.
  • Kostelanetz, R. (1970). Wipe Cycle. The Chicago Review. Retrieved from https://www.frankgillette.com/wipe-cycle (Access date: March 2, 2025).
  • Krauss, R. (1999). Voyage on the North Sea: Art in the age of the post-medium condition. MIT Press.
  • Lewitt, S. (1967). Paragraphs on conceptual art. Artforum, 5(10), 79-83.
  • London, B. (1995). Time as medium: Five artists’ video installations. Leonardo, 28(5), 421-426.
  • Manovich, L. (2002). The language of new media. MIT Press.
  • Mèredieu, F. (2003). Arts et nouvelles technologies: Art vidéo, art numérique. Larousse.
  • MoMA (2013). Hito Steyerl. MoMA. Retrieved from https://www.moma.org/collection/works/181784 (Access date: March 2, 2025).
  • Mondloch, K. (2010). Screens: Viewing media installation art. University of Minnesota Press.
  • Moss, C. (2010). The medium is the medium (1969). Rhizome.
  • Neshat, S. (2020). Soliloquy. Tate Museum. Retrieved from https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/neshat-soliloquy (Access date: March 2, 2025).
  • Neuburger, S. (Ed.). (2009). Nam June Paik: Exposition of music- Electronic television: Revisited. Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König / D.A.P.
  • Noguchi Museum. (n.d.). Christian Boltanski: Animitas. Retrieved from https://www.noguchi.org/museum/exhibitions/view/christian-boltanski-animitas/ (Access date: March 5, 2025).
  • Özgen, K. (2012). Video sanatında hava perspektifi kuşbakışı Türkiye (Aerial perspective in video art Turkey) [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Gazi University, Institure of Fine Arts, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Paglen, T., & Crawford, K. (2020, April 29). ImageNet Roulette. Paglen Studio. Retrieved from https://paglen.studio/2020/04/29/imagenet-roulette/ (Access date: September 17, 2025).
  • Russeth, A. (2017). This is a really interesting “performance” in a way: Ei Arakawa work stolen at Skulptur Projekte Münster. ARTnews.
  • Skulptur Projekte Archiv. (2017). Ei Arakawa: Harsh Citation, Harsh Pastoral, Harsh Münster. Skulptur Projekte Münster. Retrieved from https://www.skulptur-projekte-archiv.de/en-us/2017/projects/171/ (Access date: March 2, 2025).
  • Wierzchowska, J. (2015). Performing the return of the repressed: Krzysztof Wodiczko’s artistic interventions in New York City’s public space. EJAS- European Journal for Art Studies (Double Issue 2015).
  • ZKM Research Collections & Archives. (n.d.). Dara Birnbaum: Technology / Transformation: Wonder Woman. ZKM. Retrieved from https://www.zkm.de/en/artwork/technology-transformation-wonder-woman (Access date: March 5, 2025).

The Phenomenon of Screen in the Development and Change Process of Video Art

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 68 - 89, 27.12.2025

Öz

In this study, which analyzes the development and change of video art from its inception to the present day, it examines the process by which the screen, which began as a cinematic narrative conveying visual meaning, shrank in line with technological developments to become television screens, and then, with the development of portable video technology in the 1960s, became part of cultural narrative. Today has taken on the form of digital installations and interactive creations that also incorporate space. Initially, the physical reality of the screen as a cultural form/part of a form, which began with the use of tube televisions in installations pioneered by artists such as Nam June Paik, first gave way to LED screens and then to duplicated arrangements in which the image was reduced to a simulated reality. In the ongoing process, the image is reassembled, and from the early 2000s onwards, the screen is reduced to the physical reality of the space, and the virtuality of the image is re-dimensioned. However, in the process that began with video art, it is argued that the change of the screen from the physical to the virtual, along with the use of the screen and the viewer-artwork interaction, is constantly changing; that the screen, positioned in the gallery space, is transferred to the public sphere in the context of conceptual art and/or can be approached as a purely aesthetic form, but can also serve as a means of reflecting critical meaning. On the other hand, the interactive structure of video installations, which are among today's technology-based forms of creation, the relationship established with the viewer, and, therefore, the nature of the work, which is completed by the viewer's presence, are also among the fundamental research problems. In this context, the aim is to fill a gap in the field by reevaluating the position of the screen in today's technology-based art, as it moves beyond being merely a physical transmission device to becoming part of cultural narrative and thus reconstructing the representation of reality.

Kaynakça

  • Akay, A. (1997). Postmodern görüntü [Postmodern image]. Bağlam Publishing.
  • Althoff, S. (2018). Inhabiting the profile: Zach Blas’ facial weaponization suite. Intermédialités/Intermediality, 32. https://doi.org/10.7202/1058472AR
  • Altunay, D. A. (2006). Video sanatında yapı çözümü: Araç ve mesaj olarak video [Structural analysis in video art: Video as a tool and message]. Selçuk İletişim, 4(2), 234-239.
  • Anadol, R. (2022). Sense of healing: AI data sculpture. Refik Anadol Studio. Retrieved from https://refikanadol.com/works/sense-of-healing-ai-data-sculpture/ (Access date: March 2, 2025).
  • Çankır, M. B. (2017). Toplumsal ve teknolojik gelişmeler bağlamında video sanatı [Video art in the context of social and technological developments]. İstanbul Aydın University Journal of Fine Arts Faculty, 3(6), 31-37.
  • Farthing, S. (2014). Sanatın tüm öyküsü [Art: The whole story]. Hayalperest Publishing.
  • Guggenheim Museum. (t.y.). Nam June Paik: TV Buddha (1974). Guggenheim Museum. Retrieved from https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/artist/nam-june-paik (Access date: March 5, 2025).
  • Hall, D., Fifer, S. J., & Acconci, V. (1990). Illuminating video: An essential guide to video art. Aperture in association with the Bay Area Video Coalition.
  • Hanhardt, J. G. (1992). De-collage and television: Wolf Vostell in New York, 1963-64. Visible Language, 26(1/2), 109-123.
  • Horsfield, K., & Hilderbrand, L. (2006). Feedback: The video data bank catalog. Video Data Bank.
  • Kılıç, L. (1995). Çoğaltım aracından sanat ortamına video sanatı eleştirel bir bakış [A critical look at video art from the reproduction medium to the art environment]. Hil Publishing.
  • Kılıç, L. (2000) Görüntü estetiği [Visual aesthetics]. İnkılap Publishing.
  • King, C. (2014). Sanatın tüm öyküsü, video sanatı [Art: The whole story]. Hayalperest Publishing.
  • Kostelanetz, R. (1970). Wipe Cycle. The Chicago Review. Retrieved from https://www.frankgillette.com/wipe-cycle (Access date: March 2, 2025).
  • Krauss, R. (1999). Voyage on the North Sea: Art in the age of the post-medium condition. MIT Press.
  • Lewitt, S. (1967). Paragraphs on conceptual art. Artforum, 5(10), 79-83.
  • London, B. (1995). Time as medium: Five artists’ video installations. Leonardo, 28(5), 421-426.
  • Manovich, L. (2002). The language of new media. MIT Press.
  • Mèredieu, F. (2003). Arts et nouvelles technologies: Art vidéo, art numérique. Larousse.
  • MoMA (2013). Hito Steyerl. MoMA. Retrieved from https://www.moma.org/collection/works/181784 (Access date: March 2, 2025).
  • Mondloch, K. (2010). Screens: Viewing media installation art. University of Minnesota Press.
  • Moss, C. (2010). The medium is the medium (1969). Rhizome.
  • Neshat, S. (2020). Soliloquy. Tate Museum. Retrieved from https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/neshat-soliloquy (Access date: March 2, 2025).
  • Neuburger, S. (Ed.). (2009). Nam June Paik: Exposition of music- Electronic television: Revisited. Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König / D.A.P.
  • Noguchi Museum. (n.d.). Christian Boltanski: Animitas. Retrieved from https://www.noguchi.org/museum/exhibitions/view/christian-boltanski-animitas/ (Access date: March 5, 2025).
  • Özgen, K. (2012). Video sanatında hava perspektifi kuşbakışı Türkiye (Aerial perspective in video art Turkey) [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Gazi University, Institure of Fine Arts, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Paglen, T., & Crawford, K. (2020, April 29). ImageNet Roulette. Paglen Studio. Retrieved from https://paglen.studio/2020/04/29/imagenet-roulette/ (Access date: September 17, 2025).
  • Russeth, A. (2017). This is a really interesting “performance” in a way: Ei Arakawa work stolen at Skulptur Projekte Münster. ARTnews.
  • Skulptur Projekte Archiv. (2017). Ei Arakawa: Harsh Citation, Harsh Pastoral, Harsh Münster. Skulptur Projekte Münster. Retrieved from https://www.skulptur-projekte-archiv.de/en-us/2017/projects/171/ (Access date: March 2, 2025).
  • Wierzchowska, J. (2015). Performing the return of the repressed: Krzysztof Wodiczko’s artistic interventions in New York City’s public space. EJAS- European Journal for Art Studies (Double Issue 2015).
  • ZKM Research Collections & Archives. (n.d.). Dara Birnbaum: Technology / Transformation: Wonder Woman. ZKM. Retrieved from https://www.zkm.de/en/artwork/technology-transformation-wonder-woman (Access date: March 5, 2025).
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Dijital ve Elektronik Medya Sanatı, Ekran Medyası, İnteraktif Medya
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ayşegül Cengiz 0009-0004-2724-087X

Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi 5 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Cengiz, A. (2025). The Phenomenon of Screen in the Development and Change Process of Video Art. ArtDesign Journal, 1(1), 68-89.
AMA Cengiz A. The Phenomenon of Screen in the Development and Change Process of Video Art. ArtDesign Journal. Aralık 2025;1(1):68-89.
Chicago Cengiz, Ayşegül. “The Phenomenon of Screen in the Development and Change Process of Video Art”. ArtDesign Journal 1, sy. 1 (Aralık 2025): 68-89.
EndNote Cengiz A (01 Aralık 2025) The Phenomenon of Screen in the Development and Change Process of Video Art. ArtDesign Journal 1 1 68–89.
IEEE A. Cengiz, “The Phenomenon of Screen in the Development and Change Process of Video Art”, ArtDesign Journal, c. 1, sy. 1, ss. 68–89, 2025.
ISNAD Cengiz, Ayşegül. “The Phenomenon of Screen in the Development and Change Process of Video Art”. ArtDesign Journal 1/1 (Aralık2025), 68-89.
JAMA Cengiz A. The Phenomenon of Screen in the Development and Change Process of Video Art. ArtDesign Journal. 2025;1:68–89.
MLA Cengiz, Ayşegül. “The Phenomenon of Screen in the Development and Change Process of Video Art”. ArtDesign Journal, c. 1, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 68-89.
Vancouver Cengiz A. The Phenomenon of Screen in the Development and Change Process of Video Art. ArtDesign Journal. 2025;1(1):68-89.

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